RESUMO
The design of new dual-function inhibitors simultaneously preventing hydrate formation and corrosion is a relevant issue for the oil and gas industry. The structure-property relationship for a promising class of hybrid inhibitors based on waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) was studied in this work. Variation of diethanolamines differing in the size and branching of N-substituents (methyl, n-butyl, and tert-butyl), as well as the amount of these groups, allowed the structure of polymer molecules to be preset during their synthesis. To assess the hydrate and corrosion inhibition efficiency of developed reagents pressurized rocking cells, electrochemistry and weight-loss techniques were used. A distinct effect of these variables altering the hydrophobicity of obtained compounds on their target properties was revealed. Polymers with increased content of diethanolamine fragments with n- or tert-butyl as N-substituent (WPU-6 and WPU-7, respectively) worked as dual-function inhibitors, showing nearly the same efficiency as commercial ones at low concentration (0.25 wt%), with the branched one (tert-butyl; WPU-7) turning out to be more effective as a corrosion inhibitor. Commercial kinetic hydrate inhibitor Luvicap 55 W and corrosion inhibitor Armohib CI-28 were taken as reference samples. Preliminary study reveals that WPU-6 and WPU-7 polyurethanes as well as Luvicap 55 W are all poorly biodegradable compounds; BODt/CODcr (ratio of Biochemical oxygen demand and Chemical oxygen demand) value is 0.234 and 0.294 for WPU-6 and WPU-7, respectively, compared to 0.251 for commercial kinetic hydrate inhibitor Luvicap 55 W. Since the obtained polyurethanes have a bifunctional effect and operate at low enough concentrations, their employment is expected to reduce both operating costs and environmental impact.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Gases/química , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Poliuretanos/química , Água/química , Corrosão , ReologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A large fraction of human and mouse autosomal genes are subject to random monoallelic expression (MAE), an epigenetic mechanism characterized by allele-specific gene expression that varies between clonal cell lineages. MAE is highly cell-type specific and mapping it in a large number of cell and tissue types can provide insight into its biological function. Its detection, however, remains challenging. RESULTS: We previously reported that a sequence-independent chromatin signature identifies, with high sensitivity and specificity, genes subject to MAE in multiple tissue types using readily available ChIP-seq data. Here we present an implementation of this method as a user-friendly, open-source software pipeline for monoallelic gene inference from chromatin (MaGIC). The source code for the MaGIC pipeline and the Shiny app is available at https://github.com/gimelbrantlab/magic . CONCLUSION: The pipeline can be used by researchers to map monoallelic expression in a variety of cell types using existing models and to train new models with additional sets of chromatin marks.
Assuntos
Alelos , Cromatina/genética , Genes , Internet , Aprendizado de Máquina , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , SoftwareRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the damage caused by bacterial pathogens to major crops has been increasing worldwide. Pseudomonas syringae is a widespread bacterial species that infects almost all major crops. Different P. syringae strains use a wide range of biochemical mechanisms, including phytotoxins and effectors of the type III and type IV secretion systems, which determine the specific nature of the pathogen virulence. RESULTS: Strains 1845 (isolated from dicots) and 2507 (isolated from monocots) were selected for sequencing because they specialize on different groups of plants. We compared virulence factors in these and other available genomes of phylogroup 2 to find genes responsible for the specialization of bacteria. We showed that strain 1845 belongs to the clonal group that has been infecting monocots in Russia and USA for a long time (at least 50 years). Strain 1845 has relatively recently changed its host plant to dicots. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained by comparing the strain 1845 genome with the genomes of bacteria infecting monocots can help to identify the genes that define specific nature of the virulence of P. syringae strains.
Assuntos
Genoma Bacteriano , Genômica , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas syringae/genética , Sistemas de Secreção Bacterianos/genética , Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Genes Bacterianos , Genômica/métodos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Família Multigênica , Filogenia , Pseudomonas syringae/classificação , Pseudomonas syringae/patogenicidade , Percepção de Quorum/genética , Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Transcripts often harbor RNA elements, which regulate cell processes co- or post-transcriptionally. The functions of many regulatory RNA elements depend on their structure, thus it is important to determine the structure as well as to scan genomes for structured elements. State of the art ab initio approaches to predict structured RNAs rely on DNA sequence analysis. They use 2 major types of information inferred from a sequence: thermodynamic stability of an RNA structure and evolutionary footprints of base-pair interactions. In recent years, chemical probing of RNA has arisen as an alternative source of structural information. RNA probing experiments detect positions accessible to specific types of chemicals or enzymes indicating their propensity to be in a paired or unpaired state. There exist several strategies to integrate probing data into RNA secondary structure prediction algorithms that substantially improve the prediction quality. However, whether and how probing data could contribute to detection of structured RNAs remains an open question. We previously developed the energy-based approach RNASurface to detect locally optimal structured RNA elements. Here, we integrate probing data into the RNASurface energy model using a general framework. We show that the use of experimental data allows for better discrimination of ncRNAs from other transcripts. Application of RNASurface to genome-wide analysis of the human transcriptome with PARS data identifies previously undetectable segments, with evidence of functionality for some of them.
Assuntos
Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , RNA/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Transcriptoma/genética , Algoritmos , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , RNA/químicaRESUMO
MOTIVATION: During the past decade, new classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their unexpected functions were discovered. Stable secondary structure is the key feature of many non-coding RNAs. Taking into account huge amounts of genomic data, development of computational methods to survey genomes for structured RNAs remains an actual problem, especially when homologous sequences are not available for comparative analysis. Existing programs scan genomes with a fixed window by efficiently constructing a matrix of RNA minimum free energies. A wide range of lengths of structured RNAs necessitates the use of many different window lengths that substantially increases the output size and computational efforts. RESULTS: In this article, we present an algorithm RNASurface to efficiently scan genomes by constructing a matrix of significance of RNA secondary structures and to identify all locally optimal structured RNA segments up to a predefined size. RNASurface significantly improves precision of identification of known ncRNA in Bacillus subtilis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: RNASurface C source code is available from http://bioinf.fbb.msu.ru/RNASurface/downloads.html.
Assuntos
Bacillus subtilis/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , RNA não Traduzido/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNA/métodos , Algoritmos , Simulação por Computador , Genômica , Conformação de Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
Mathematical models have been widely used for understanding the dynamics of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We propose a method to predict final clinical outcome for 24 HIV-HCV - coinfected patients with the help of a mathematical model based on the first two weeks of PEG-IFN therapy. Applying a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) approach, together with mixture models, to the adapted model of viral dynamics developed by Neumann et al., we have analyzed the influence of PEG-IFN on the kinetics and interaction of target cells, infected cells and virus mRNA. It was found that PEG-IFN pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in sustained virological responders and nonresponders, while the plasma PEG-IFN concentration that decreases HCV production by 50% (EC50) and the rate of infected cell death were different. The treatment outcome depended mainly on the initial viral mRNA concentration and the rate of infected cell death. The population PKPD approach with a mixture model enabled the determination of individual PKPD parameters and showed high sensitivity (93.5%) and specificity (97.4%) for the prediction of the treatment outcome.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C Crônica/virologia , Interferon-alfa/farmacocinética , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Modelos Biológicos , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacocinética , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Intervalos de Confiança , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2 , Interferon-alfa/farmacologia , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacocinética , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Exercise is effective toward delaying or preventing chronic disease, with a large body of evidence supporting its effectiveness. However, less is known about the specific healthspan-promoting effects of exercise on blood biomarkers in the disease-free population. In this work, we examine 23,237 generally healthy individuals who self-report varying weekly running volumes and compare them to 4,428 generally healthy sedentary individuals, as well as 82 professional endurance runners. We estimate the significance of differences among blood biomarkers for groups of increasing running levels using analysis of variance (ANOVA), adjusting for age, gender, and BMI. We attempt and add insight to our observational dataset analysis via two-sample Mendelian randomization (2S-MR) using large independent datasets. We find that self-reported running volume associates with biomarker signatures of improved wellness, with some serum markers apparently being principally modified by BMI, whereas others show a dose-effect with respect to running volume. We further detect hints of sexually dimorphic serum responses in oxygen transport and hormonal traits, and we also observe a tendency toward pronounced modifications in magnesium status in professional endurance athletes. Thus, our results further characterize blood biomarkers of exercise and metabolic health, particularly regarding dose-effect relationships, and better inform personalized advice for training and performance.
Assuntos
Corrida , Humanos , Corrida/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Atletas , Biomarcadores , Resistência FísicaRESUMO
In this study, an analysis of the virome of 51 grapevines from the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya. I. Potapenko (Russia) was performed using high-throughput sequencing of total RNA. A total of 20 previously described grapevine viruses and 4 viroids were identified. The most detected were grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (98%), hop stunt viroid (98%), grapevine Pinot gris virus (96%), grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (94%), and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV, 80%). Among the economically significant viruses, the most present were grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (37%), grapevine virus A (24%), and grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (16%). For the first time in Russia, a grapevine-associated tymo-like virus (78%) was detected. After a bioinformatics analysis, 123 complete or nearly complete viral genomes and 64 complete viroid genomes were assembled. An analysis of the phylogenetic relationships with reported global isolates was performed. We discovered and characterized the genomes of five novel grapevine viruses: bipartite dsRNA grapevine alphapartitivirus (genus Alphapartitivirus, family Partitiviridae), bipartite (+) ssRNA grapevine secovirus (genus Fabavirus, family Secoviridae) and three (+) ssRNA grapevine umbra-like viruses 2, -3, -4 (which phylogenetically occupy an intermediate position between representatives of the genus Umbravirus and umbravirus-like associated RNAs).
Assuntos
Viroides , Vitis , Filogenia , Viroma , Genoma Viral , Doenças das PlantasRESUMO
Among other pathogens, more than 80 viruses infect grapevine. The aim of this work was to study the virome diversity of grapevine viruses and mycoviruses of a vineyard using high-throughput sequencing technologies. The grapevine virome was studied in symptomatic vines of the Rkatsiteli cultivar (V. vinifera) collected at the vineyards of the Krasnodar Krai in Russia. Ribosomal-depleted total RNA and isolated small RNAs were used for library preparation and high-throughput sequencing. Six grapevine-infecting viruses and two viroids were validated by RT-PCR and analyzed phylogenetically. We identified the presence of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, grapevine Pinot gris virus, grapevine virus T, grapevine rupestris stem-pitting-associated virus, grapevine fleck virus, and grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus, as well as two viroids, grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 and hop stunt viroid. We also studied the mycovirome of the vineyard and identified nine viruses with single-stranded positive-sense RNA genomes: alternaria arborescens mitovirus 1, botrytis cinerea mitovirus 1, botrytis cinerea mitovirus 2, botrytis cinerea mitovirus 3, botrytis cinerea mitovirus 4, sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus 3, botrytis cinerea hypovirus 1, grapevine-associated narnavirus 1, and botrytis virus F. In addition, we identified botrytis cinerea hypovirus 1 satellite-like RNA and two single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses. This is the first study of grapevine mycoviruses in Russia. The obtained result will contribute to the development of biocontrol strategies in the future.
RESUMO
Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is a widespread grapevine pathogen associated with symptoms of leaf mottling and deformation. In order to study the distribution and genetic diversity of GPGV in Russia, we tested 1347 grapevine samples from 3 regions of Russia-the Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, and Republic of Crimea-using duplex real-time RT-PCR. GPGV was detected in 993 grapevines, both symptomatic and asymptomatic. In 119 isolates, we sequenced complete movement protein (MP) and coat protein (CP) genes of the GPGV genome. The percentage of identity of the obtained nucleotide MP/CP sequences with the closest isolates from the GenBank was 97.75-99.56%. A phylogenetic analysis showed that these Russian GPGV isolates are mainly grouped with previously described representative asymptomatic isolates. New post-translational modifications of the MP and CP at the positions of polymorphisms in the genomes of Russian isolates were predicted. The present work is the first study on the distribution and genetic diversity of GPGV in Russia.
RESUMO
In this study, we analyzed the virome of 73 grape samples from two Dagestan ampelographic collections in Russia using high-throughput sequencing of total RNAs. Fourteen viruses and four viroids were identified, with one to eleven of them detected in each plant. For the first time in Russia, we identified grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 and grapevine Kizil Sapak virus. A total of 206 genomes of viruses and viroids were obtained, and their phylogenetic analysis was carried out. The de novo assembly and tblastx analysis allowed us to obtain contigs of a novel (+) ssRNA genome of a plant virus from the genus Umbravirus, which was tentatively named grapevine umbra-like virus (GULV), as well as contigs of a novel dsDNA pararetrovirus from the genus Caulimovirus, which was tentatively named grapevine pararetrovirus (GPRV). Complete genomes of these viruses were obtained and used for Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT) analysis and phylogeny studies. GULV and GPRV were detected in 16 and 33 germplasm samples from the Dagestan collections, respectively.
Assuntos
Vírus de Plantas , Viroides , Daguestão , Filogenia , Genoma Viral , Vírus de Plantas/genética , Viroides/genética , Doenças das PlantasRESUMO
Grapevine germplasm collections are unique repositories of grape cultivars; therefore, it is necessary to minimize their infection with pathogens, including viruses, and develop various programs to maintain them in a virus-free state. In our study, we examined the virome of the largest Russian grapevine germplasm collection, the Anapa Ampelographic Collection, using high-throughput sequencing of total RNAs. As a result of bioinformatics analysis and validation of its results by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), we identified 20 viruses and 3 viroids in 47 libraries. All samples were infected with 2 to 12 viruses and viroids, including those that cause economically significant diseases: leafroll, fleck, and rugose wood complex. For the first time in Russia, we detected Grapevine virus B (GVB), Grapevine virus F (GVF), Grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus (GAMaV), Grapevine Red Globe virus (GRGV), Grapevine satellite virus (GV-Sat), Grapevine virga-like virus (GVLV), Grapevine-associated jivivirus 1 (GaJV-1) and Vitis cryptic virus (VCV). A new putative representative of the genus Umbravirus with the provisional name Grapevine umbra-like virus (GULV) was also identified in Russian grape samples.
Assuntos
Vírus de RNA , Tymoviridae , Viroides , Vitis , Doenças das Plantas , ViromaRESUMO
Evaluating the epigenetic landscape in the stem cell compartment at the single-cell level is essential to assess the cells' heterogeneity and predict their fate. Here, using a genome-wide transcriptomics approach in vivo, we evaluated the allelic expression imbalance in the progeny of single hematopoietic cells (HSCs) as a read-out of epigenetic marking. After 4 months of extensive proliferation and differentiation, we found that X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is tightly maintained in all single-HSC derived hematopoietic cells. In contrast, the vast majority of the autosomal genes did not show clonal patterns of random monoallelic expression (RME). However, a persistent allele-specific autosomal transcription in HSCs and their progeny was found in a rare number of cases, none of which has been previously reported. These data show that: 1) XCI and RME in the autosomal chromosomes are driven by different mechanisms; 2) the previously reported high frequency of genes under RME in clones expanded in vitro (up to 15%) is not found in clones undergoing multiple differentiation steps in vivo; 3) prior to differentiation, HSCs have stable patterns of autosomal RME. We propose that most RME patterns in autosomal chromosomes are erased and established de novo during cell lineage differentiation.
RESUMO
In mammalian cells, maternal and paternal alleles usually have similar transcriptional activity. Epigenetic mechanisms such as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and imprinting were historically viewed as rare exceptions to this rule. Discovery of autosomal monoallelic autosomal expression (MAE) a decade ago revealed an additional allele-specific mode regulating thousands of mammalian genes. Despite MAE prevalence, its mechanistic basis remains unknown. Using an RNA sequencing-based screen for reactivation of silenced alleles, we identified DNA methylation as key mechanism of MAE mitotic maintenance. In contrast with the all-or-nothing allelic choice in XCI, allele-specific expression in MAE loci is tunable, with exact allelic imbalance dependent on the extent of DNA methylation. In a subset of MAE genes, allelic imbalance was insensitive to DNA demethylation, implicating additional mechanisms in MAE maintenance in these loci. Our findings identify a key mechanism of MAE maintenance and provide basis for understanding the biological role of MAE.
Assuntos
Impressão Genômica , Inativação do Cromossomo X , Alelos , Animais , Cromossomos , Metilação de DNA/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Inativação do Cromossomo X/genéticaRESUMO
Viral diseases can seriously damage the vineyard productivity and the quality of grape and wine products. Therefore, the study of the species composition and range of grapevine viruses is important for the development and implementation of strategies and tactics to limit their spread and increase the economic benefits of viticulture. In 2014-2019, we carried out a large-scale phytosanitary monitoring of Russian commercial vineyards in the Krasnodar region, Stavropol region and Republic of Crimea. A total of 1857 samples were collected and tested for the presence of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) using RT-PCR. Out of all samples tested, 54.5% were positive for at least one of the viruses (GRSPaV, GVA, GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GFLV, GFkV) in the Stavropol region, 49.8% in the Krasnodar region and 49.5% in the Republic of Crimea. Some plants were found to be infected with several viruses simultaneously. In the Republic of Crimea, for instance, a number of plants were infected with five viruses. In the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Crimea, 4.7% and 3.3% of the samples were predominantly infected with both GFkV and GRSPaV, whereas in the Stavropol region, 6% of the selected samples had both GLRaV-1 and GVA infections. We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein genes of the detected viruses and identified the presence of GVA of groups I and IV, GRSPaV of groups BS and SG1, GLRaV-1 of group III, GLRaV-2 of groups PN and H4, GLRaV-3 of groups I and III. The results obtained make it possible to assess the viral load and the distribution of the main grapevine viruses on plantations in the viticultural zones of Russia, emphasizing the urgent need to develop and implement long-term strategies for the control of viral diseases of grapes.
RESUMO
The use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology has led to significant progress in the identification of many viruses and their genetic variants. In this study, we used the HTS platform to sequence small RNAs (sRNAs) of grapevine to study the virome. Isolation of RNA was performed using symptomatic grapevines collected from commercial vineyards in Krasnodar Krai in 2017-2018. To determine the viromes of vineyards, we used an integrated approach that included a bioinformatic analysis of the results of sRNA HTS and the molecular method RT-PCR, which made it possible to identify 13 viruses and 4 viroids. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (GLRaV-4), Grapevine Syrah Virus-1 (GSyV-1), Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd), and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 (GYSVd-2) were identified for the first time in Russia. Out of 38 samples analyzed, 37 had mixed infections with 4-11 viruses, indicating a high viral load. Analysis of the obtained sequences of fragments of virus genomes made it possible to identify recombination events in GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GLRaV-4, GVT, GPGV, GRSPaV, GVA, and GFLV. The obtained results indicate a wide spread of the viruses and a high genetic diversity in the vineyards of Krasnodar Krai and emphasize the urgent need to develop and implement long-term strategies for the control of viral grapevine diseases.
Assuntos
Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Vírus de Plantas/genética , Vírus de RNA/genética , RNA Viral/genética , Viroides/genética , Vitis/virologia , Biologia Computacional , Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Vírus de Plantas/classificação , Vírus de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de RNA/classificação , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Federação Russa , Análise de Sequência de RNA , ViromaRESUMO
A sensitive approach to quantitative analysis of transcriptional regulation in diploid organisms is analysis of allelic imbalance (AI) in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. A near-universal practice in such studies is to prepare and sequence only one library per RNA sample. We present theoretical and experimental evidence that data from a single RNA-seq library is insufficient for reliable quantification of the contribution of technical noise to the observed AI signal; consequently, reliance on one-replicate experimental design can lead to unaccounted-for variation in error rates in allele-specific analysis. We develop a computational approach, Qllelic, that accurately accounts for technical noise by making use of replicate RNA-seq libraries. Testing on new and existing datasets shows that application of Qllelic greatly decreases false positive rate in allele-specific analysis while conserving appropriate signal, and thus greatly improves reproducibility of AI estimates. We explore sources of technical overdispersion in observed AI signal and conclude by discussing design of RNA-seq studies addressing two biologically important questions: quantification of transcriptome-wide AI in one sample, and differential analysis of allele-specific expression between samples.
Assuntos
Desequilíbrio Alélico , Biblioteca Gênica , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , RNA/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNA/métodos , Transcriptoma/genética , Algoritmos , Alelos , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos da Linhagem 129 , Modelos Genéticos , RNA/metabolismoRESUMO
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the main pathogens of grapes, causing a significant loss in yield and decrease in quality for this agricultural plant. For efficient widespread control of this infection, rapid and simple analytical techniques of on-site testing are requested as a complementary addition for the currently applied hybridization (PCR) and immunoenzyme (ELISA) approaches. The given paper presents development and approbation of the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for rapid detection of GLRaV-3. The ICA realizes a sandwich immunoassay format with the obtaining complexes ((antibody immobilized on immunochromatographic membrane)â»(virus in the sample)â»(antibody immobilized on gold nanoparticles (GNP)) during sample flow along the membrane compounds of the test strip. Three preparations of GNPs were compared for detection of GLRaV-3 at different dilutions of virus-containing sample. The GNPs with maximal average diameters of 51.0 ± 7.9 nm provide GLRaV-3 detection for its maximal dilutions, being 4 times more than when using GNPs with a diameter of 28.3 ± 3.3 nm, and 8 times more than when using GNPs with a diameter of 18.5 ± 3.3 nm. Test strips have been manufactured using the largest GNPs conjugated with anti-GLRaV-3 antibodies at a ratio of 1070:1. When testing samples containing other grape wine viruses, the test strips have not demonstrated staining in the test zone, which confirms the ICA specificity. The approbation of the manufactured test strips indicated that when using ELISA as a reference method, the developed ICA is characterized by a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92%. If PCR is considered as a reference method, then the sensitivity of ICA is 93% and the specificity is 92%. The proposed ICA can be implemented in one stage without the use of any additional reactants or devices. The testing results can be obtained in 10 min and detected visually. It provides significant improvement in GLRaV-3 detection, and the presented approach can be transferred for the development of test systems for other grape wine pathogens.
Assuntos
Closteroviridae/patogenicidade , Imunoensaio/métodosRESUMO
We report here the annotated genome sequence of Xanthomonas arboricola strain 3004, isolated from barley leaves with symptoms of streak and capable of infecting other plant species. We sequenced the genome of X. arboricola strain 3004 to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis and evolution of the genus Xanthomonas.