[Quantitive Analysis of Contents in Yogurt and Application Research with FTIR Spectroscopy].

Yogurt is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. All kinds of nutrition components are changing dramatically in the process of fermentation. Therefore, it is important to establish a fast and efficient measurement technology of yogurt nutrition, which is also an important goal for food safety supervision in terms of monitoring the yogurt production process in real time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been widely used in the field of food safety, for it has high efficiency, high throughput, no chemical pollution, thus it can be used in the inspection of food adulteration. Our study has established a quantitative model to predict the nutrition components in yogurt, such as energy value, protein, fat, carbohydrates and sodium content. Based on the least squares (PLS) method, the model used CaF(2) film FTIR technology. The results show that the new model can be used in quality control of yogurt production process: The R(2) values of the model were 0.938 9, 0.926 6, 0.918 6, 0.941 8 and 0.977 1, comparing energetic value, protein, fat, carbohydrate and sodium contents with the original spectrum of calibration samples by cross validation. And the predictive R(2) are 0.920 5, 0.905 3, 0.908 5, 0.939 3 and 0.936 4 respectively. Thus, the model has good prediction accuracy and reliability, which provides a feasible method for the rapid measurement of yogurt quality. As a preliminary exploration of the quality control technology of dairy products, this method has a good prospect of application.

[Prediction of Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Minqin Desert-oasis Ecotone Artificial Haloxylon ammodendron Forest].

Exploring the effects of artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest planting on the structure and function of a desert soil bacterial community provides data reference for soil micro-ecological restoration and land quality improvement in desert oasis transition zones. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis were used to identify and analyze the structure and function of soil bacterial communities, and the Mantel correlation test and RDA analysis were used to explain the physicochemical factors affecting the structure and function of soil bacterial communities. The results showed that:① the soil bacterial OTU number, Chao1 index, and Shannon index were significantly higher in the H. ammodendron forest than in the mobile dune soil, and the PCoA analysis and Adonis test showed significant differences in the soil bacterial community structure between H. ammodendron and mobile dune soil (P=0.001). ② A total of 34 phyla, 89 classes, 174 orders, 262 families, and 432 genera of bacteria were detected in all samples, and the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Chloroflexi accounted for 76.05% of the relative abundance of soil bacteria, which belonged to the dominant soil bacteria, among which the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in H. ammodendron forest soil was extremely significantly higher than that in mobile dune soil (P < 0.01). ③PICRUSt2 function prediction revealed that the soil bacterial community of H. ammodendron forest included six categories of primary functions and 28 categories of secondary functions, among which the metabolism of carbohydrates, metabolism of amino acids, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were all greater than 10% in relative abundance and were the main metabolic functions of H. ammodendron forest soil bacteria. ④ The planting of H. ammodendron forest significantly improved the nutrient content of soil organic matter and other nutrients. Soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and fast-acting phosphorus were the main physicochemical factors affecting the bacterial community, with soil organic matter significantly affecting the soil bacterial community structure (P < 0.05) and metabolic function (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the artificial H. ammodendron forest helped to increase desert soil microbial diversity, increase the relative abundance of soil bacterial metabolic function genes, and improve the desert soil microenvironment.

Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogels Containing Polymeric Microspheres for Vaginal Drug Delivery.

Thermosensitive hydrogels have increasingly received considerable attention for local drug delivery based on many advantages. However, burst release of drugs is becoming a critical challenge when the hydrogels are employed. Microspheres- (MS-) loaded thermosensitive hydrogels were thus fabricated to address this limitation. Employing an orthogonal design, the spray-dried operations of tenofovir (TFV)/Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP)/chitosan (CTS) MS were optimized according to the drug loading (DL). The physicochemical properties of the optimal MS (MS F) were characterized. Depending on the gelation temperature and gelating time, the optimal CTS-sodium alginate- (SA-) α,ß-glycerophosphate (GP) (CTS-SA-GP) hydrogel was obtained. Observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), TFV/BSP/CTS MS were successfully encapsulated in CTS-SA-GP. In vitro releasing demonstrated that MS F-CTS-SA-GP retained desirable in vitro sustained-release characteristics as a vaginal delivery system. Bioadhesion measurement showed that MS-CTS-SA-GP exhibited the highest mucoadhesive strength. Collectively, MS-CTS-SA-GP holds great promise for topical applications as a sustained-release vaginal drug delivery system.