Anomalously enhanced ion transport and uptake in functionalized angstrom-scale two-dimensional channels.

Emulating angstrom-scale dynamics of the highly selective biological ion channels is a challenging task. Recent work on angstrom-scale artificial channels has expanded our understanding of ion transport and uptake mechanisms under confinement. However, the role of chemical environment in such channels is still not well understood. Here, we report the anomalously enhanced transport and uptake of ions under confined MoS2-based channels that are ~five angstroms in size. The ion uptake preference in the MoS2-based channels can be changed by the selection of surface functional groups and ion uptake sequence due to the interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic factors that depend on whether the ions are mixed or not prior to uptake. Our work offers a holistic picture of ion transport in 2D confinement and highlights ion interplay in this regime.

Precursor-mediated in situ growth of hierarchical N-doped graphene nanofibers confining nickel single atoms for CO2 electroreduction.

Despite the various strategies for achieving metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) single-atom catalysts (SACs) with different microenvironments for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), the synthesis-structure-performance correlation remains elusive due to the lack of well-controlled synthetic approaches. Here, we employed Ni nanoparticles as starting materials for the direct synthesis of nickel (Ni) SACs in one spot through harvesting the interaction between metallic Ni and N atoms in the precursor during the chemical vapor deposition growth of hierarchical N-doped graphene fibers. By combining with first-principle calculations, we found that the Ni-N configuration is closely correlated to the N contents in the precursor, in which the acetonitrile with a high N/C ratio favors the formation of Ni-N3, while the pyridine with a low N/C ratio is more likely to promote the evolution of Ni-N2. Moreover, we revealed that the presence of N favors the formation of H-terminated edge of sp2 carbon and consequently leads to the formation of graphene fibers consisting of vertically stacked graphene flakes, instead of the traditional growth of carbon nanotubes on Ni nanoparticles. With a high capability in balancing the *COOH formation and *CO desorption, the as-prepared hierarchical N-doped graphene nanofibers with Ni-N3 sites exhibit a superior CO2RR performance compared to that with Ni-N2 and Ni-N4 ones.

NiFe Nanoparticle Nest Supported on Graphene as Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Designing cost-efffective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) holds significant importance in the progression of clean energy generation and efficient energy storage technologies, such as water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, an OER electrocatalyst is developed using Ni and Fe precursors in combination with different proportions of graphene oxide. The catalyst synthesis involved a rapid reduction process, facilitated by adding sodium borohydride, which successfully formed NiFe nanoparticle nests on graphene support (NiFe NNG). The incorporation of graphene support enhances the catalytic activity, electron transferability, and electrical conductivity of the NiFe-based catalyst. The NiFe NNG catalyst exhibits outstanding performance, characterized by a low overpotential of 292.3 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV dec-1, achieved at a current density of 10 mA cm- 2. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits remarkable stability over extended durations. The OER performance of NiFe NNG is on par with that of commercial IrO2 in alkaline media. Such superb OER catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect between the NiFe nanoparticle nests and graphene, which arises from their large surface area and outstanding intrinsic catalytic activity. The excellent electrochemical properties of NiFe NNG hold great promise for further applications in energy storage and conversion devices.

Cu-Doped Iron Oxide for the Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction Reaction.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a promising alternative synthetic route for sustainable ammonia (NH3) production, because it not only eliminates nitrate (NO3-) from water but also produces NH3 under mild operating conditions. However, owing to the complicated eight-electron reaction and the competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction, developing catalysts with high activities and Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) is highly imperative to improve the reaction performance. In this study, Cu-doped Fe3O4 flakes are fabricated and demonstrated to be excellent catalysts for electrochemical conversion of NO3- to NH3, with a maximum FE of ∼100% and an NH3 yield of 179.55 ± 16.37 mg h-1 mgcat-1 at -0.6 V vs RHE. Theoretical calculations reveal that doping the catalyst surface with Cu results in a more thermodynamically facile reaction. These results highlight the feasibility of promoting the NO3RR activity using heteroatom doping strategies.

Active Sites of Cobalt Phthalocyanine in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Methanol.

Many metal coordination compounds catalyze CO2 electroreduction to CO, but cobalt phthalocyanine hybridized with conductive carbon such as carbon nanotubes is currently the only one that can generate methanol. The underlying structure-reactivity correlation and reaction mechanism desperately demand elucidation. Here we report the first in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization, combined with ex situ spectroscopic and electrocatalytic measurements, to study CoPc-catalyzed CO2 reduction to methanol. Molecular dispersion of CoPc on CNT surfaces, as evidenced by the observed electronic interaction between the two, is crucial to fast electron transfer to the active sites and multi-electron CO2 reduction. CO, the key intermediate in the CO2 -to-methanol pathway, is found to be labile on the active site, which necessitates a high local concentration in the microenvironment to compete with CO2 for active sites and promote methanol production. A comparison of the electrocatalytic performance of structurally related porphyrins indicates that the bridging aza-N atoms of the Pc macrocycle are critical components of the CoPc active site that produces methanol. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy identifies the active site as Co(I) and supports an increasingly non-centrosymmetric Co coordination environment at negative applied potential, likely due to the formation of a Co-CO adduct during the catalysis.

Intermetallic Single-Atom Alloy In-Pd Bimetallene for Neutral Electrosynthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate.

Harvesting recyclable ammonia (NH3) from the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3RR) offers a sustainable strategy to close the ecological nitrogen cycle from nitration contamination in an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly manner. The emerging intermetallic single-atom alloys (ISAAs) are recognized to achieve the highest site density of single atoms by isolating contiguous metal atoms into single sites stabilized by another metal within the intermetallic structure, which holds promise to couple the catalytic benefits from intermetallic nanocrystals and single-atom catalysts for promoting NO3RR. Herein, ISAA In-Pd bimetallene, in which the Pd single atoms are isolated by surrounding In atoms, is reported to boost neutral NO3RR with a NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 87.2%, a yield rate of 28.06 mg h-1 mgPd-1, and an exceptional electrocatalytic stability with increased activity/selectivity over 100 h and 20 cycles. The ISAA structure induces substantially diminished overlap of Pd d-orbitals and narrowed p-d hybridization of In-p and Pd-d states around the Fermi level, resulting in a stronger NO3- adsorption and a depressed energy barrier of the potential-determining step for NO3RR. Further integrating the NO3RR catalyst into a Zn-NO3- flow battery as the cathode delivers a power density of 12.64 mW cm-2 and a FE of 93.4% for NH3 production.

Regulating Catalytic Properties and Thermal Stability of Pt and PtCo Intermetallic Fuel-Cell Catalysts via Strong Coupling Effects between Single-Metal Site-Rich Carbon and Pt.

Developing low platinum-group-metal (PGM) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) remains a great challenge due to the highly demanded power density and long-term durability. This work explores the possible synergistic effect between single Mn site-rich carbon (MnSA-NC) and Pt nanoparticles, aiming to improve intrinsic activity and stability of PGM catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predicted a strong coupling effect between Pt and MnN4 sites in the carbon support, strengthening their interactions to immobilize Pt nanoparticles during the ORR. The adjacent MnN4 sites weaken oxygen adsorption at Pt to enhance intrinsic activity. Well-dispersed Pt (2.1 nm) and ordered L12-Pt3Co nanoparticles (3.3 nm) were retained on the MnSA-NC support after indispensable high-temperature annealing up to 800 °C, suggesting enhanced thermal stability. Both PGM catalysts were thoroughly studied in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), showing compelling performance and durability. The Pt@MnSA-NC catalyst achieved a mass activity (MA) of 0.63 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 ViR-free and maintained 78% of its initial performance after a 30,000-cycle accelerated stress test (AST). The L12-Pt3Co@MnSA-NC catalyst accomplished a much higher MA of 0.91 A mgPt-1 and a current density of 1.63 A cm-2 at 0.7 V under traditional light-duty vehicle (LDV) H2-air conditions (150 kPaabs and 0.10 mgPt cm-2). Furthermore, the same catalyst in an HDV MEA (250 kPaabs and 0.20 mgPt cm-2) delivered 1.75 A cm-2 at 0.7 V, only losing 18% performance after 90,000 cycles of the AST, demonstrating great potential to meet the DOE targets.

Atomically Local Electric Field Induced Interface Water Reorientation for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The slow water dissociation process in alkaline electrolyte severely limits the kinetics of HER. The orientation of H2 O is well known to affect the dissociation process, but H2 O orientation is hard to control because of its random distribution. Herein, an atomically asymmetric local electric field was designed by IrRu dizygotic single-atom sites (IrRu DSACs) to tune the H2 O adsorption configuration and orientation, thus optimizing its dissociation process. The electric field intensity of IrRu DSACs is over 4.00×1010  N/C. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with in situ Raman spectroscopy analysis on the adsorption behavior of H2 O show that the M-H bond length (M=active site) is shortened at the interface due to the strong local electric field gradient and the optimized water orientation promotes the dissociation process of interfacial water. This work provides a new way to explore the role of single atomic sites in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

Single-Atomic Iron Doped Carbon Dots with Both Photoluminescence and Oxidase-Like Activity.

Multifunctional nanozymes can benefit biochemical analysis via expanding sensing modes and enhancing analytical performance, but designing multifunctional nanozymes to realize the desired sensing of targets is challenging. In this work, single-atomic iron doped carbon dots (SA Fe-CDs) are designed and synthesized via a facile in situ pyrolysis process. The small-sized CDs not only maintain their tunable fluorescence, but also serve as a support for loading dispersed active sites. Monoatomic Fe offers SA Fe-CDs exceptional oxidase-mimetic activity to catalyze 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation with fast response (Vmax  = 10.4 nM s-1 ) and strong affinity (Km  = 168 µM). Meanwhile, their photoluminescence is quenched by the oxidation product of TMB due to inner filter effect. Phosphate ions (Pi) can suppress the oxidase-mimicking activity and restore the photoluminescence of SA Fe-CDs by interacting with Fe active sites. Based on this principle, a dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescence assay of Pi with high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response is established. This work paves a path to develop multifunctional enzyme-like catalysts, and offers a simple but efficient dual-mode method for phosphate monitoring, which will inspire the exploration of multi-mode sensing strategies based on nanozyme catalysis.

Atomically Dispersed Dual-Metal Site Catalysts for Enhanced CO2 Reduction: Mechanistic Insight into Active Site Structures.

Carbon-supported nitrogen-coordinated single-metal site catalysts (i.e., M-N-C, M: Fe, Co, or Ni) are active for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) to CO. Further improving their intrinsic activity and selectivity by tuning their N-M bond structures and coordination is limited. Herein, we expand the coordination environments of M-N-C catalysts by designing dual-metal active sites. The Ni-Fe catalyst exhibited the most efficient CO2RR activity and promising stability compared to other combinations. Advanced structural characterization and theoretical prediction suggest that the most active N-coordinated dual-metal site configurations are 2N-bridged (Fe-Ni)N6 , in which FeN4 and NiN4 moieties are shared with two N atoms. Two metals (i.e., Fe and Ni) in the dual-metal site likely generate a synergy to enable more optimal *COOH adsorption and *CO desorption than single-metal sites (FeN4 or NiN4 ) with improved intrinsic catalytic activity and selectivity.

Single Iridium Atom Doped Ni2P Catalyst for Optimal Oxygen Evolution.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with 100% active sites have excellent prospects for application in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, further enhancement of the catalytic activity for OER is quite challenging, particularly for the development of stable SACs with overpotentials <180 mV. Here, we report an iridium single atom on Ni2P catalyst (IrSA-Ni2P) with a record low overpotential of 149 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH. The IrSA-Ni2P catalyst delivers a current density up to ∼28-fold higher than that of the widely used IrO2 at 1.53 V vs RHE. Both the experimental results and computational simulations indicate that Ir single atoms preferentially occupy Ni sites on the top surface. The reconstructed Ir-O-P/Ni-O-P bonding environment plays a vital role for optimal adsorption and desorption of the OER intermediate species, which leads to marked enhancement of the OER activity. Additionally, the dynamic "top-down" evolution of the specific structure of the Ni@Ir particles is responsible for the robust single-atom structure and, thus, the stability property. This IrSA-Ni2P catalyst offers novel prospects for simplifying decoration strategies and further enhancing OER performance.

Risk factors for radiation-induced lung injury in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: implication for treatment strategies.

BACKGROUND: The radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS) is very common in clinical settings; we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of RILI in NSCLS patients, to provide insights into the treatment of NSCLS. METHODS: NSCLC patients undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in our hospital from June 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, were included. The characteristics and treatments of RILI and non-RILI patients were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC. RESULTS: A total of 126 NSCLC patients were included; the incidence of RILI in NSCLC patients was 35.71%. There were significant differences in diabetes, smoke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy dose, and planning target volume (PTV) between the RILI group and the non-RILI group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that diabetes (OR 3.076, 95%CI 1.442~5.304), smoke (OR 2.745, 95%CI 1.288~4.613), COPD (OR 3.949, 95%CI 1.067~5.733), concurrent chemotherapy (OR 2.072, 95%CI 1.121~3.498), radiotherapy dose ≥ 60 Gy (OR 3.841, 95%CI 1.932~5.362), and PTV ≥ 396 (OR 1.247, 95%CI 1.107~1.746) were the independent risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RILI is commonly seen in NSCLS patients; early targeted measures are warranted for patients with those risk factors; future studies with larger sample sizes and different areas are needed to further elucidate the influencing factors of RILI in the treatment of NSCLS.

Selective and reliable determination of obacunone in rat plasma using solid-phase extraction by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a pharmacokinetic study.

This study aimed to develop a highly selective, sensitive and fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of obacunone in rat plasma. Sample preparation was accomplished by a simple solid-phase extraction procedure. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column using acetonitrile/methanol (1:1, v/v) and 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Quantification was performed with multiple reactions monitoring in positive ion mode with the precursor-to-product ion transitions at m/z 455.2 > 161.1 for obacunone and m/z 515.2 > 161.1 for nomilin (internal standard). The assay was demonstrated to be linear over the concentration range of 0.1-1,000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient >0.999 (r > 0.999). The intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from -8.33 to 10.40%, while the precision was <10.41%. The mean extraction recovery was >75.32%, and the assay was free of matrix effect. The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of obacunone in rats after oral and intravenous administrations. The oral bioavailability of obacunone was 13.59%.

Ultrahigh-Loading of Ir Single Atoms on NiO Matrix to Dramatically Enhance Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Engineering single-atom electrocatalysts with high-loading amount holds great promise in energy conversion and storage application. Herein, we report a facile and economical approach to achieve an unprecedented high loading of single Ir atoms, up to ∼18wt%, on the nickel oxide (NiO) matrix as the electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It exhibits an overpotential of 215 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a remarkable OER current density in alkaline electrolyte, surpassing NiO and IrO2 by 57 times and 46 times at 1.49 V vs RHE, respectively. Systematic characterizations, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy and aberration-corrected Z-contrast imaging, demonstrate that the Ir atoms are atomically dispersed at the outermost surface of NiO and are stabilized by covalent Ir-O bonding, which induces the isolated Ir atoms to form a favorable ∼4+ oxidation state. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the substituted single Ir atom not only serves as the active site for OER but also activates the surface reactivity of NiO, which thus leads to the dramatically improved OER performance. This synthesis method of developing high-loading single-atom catalysts can be extended to other single-atom catalysts and paves the way for industrial applications of single-atom catalysts.

Chemical Vapor Deposition for Atomically Dispersed and Nitrogen Coordinated Single Metal Site Catalysts.

Atomically dispersed and nitrogen coordinated single metal sites (M-N-C, M=Fe, Co, Ni, Mn) are the popular platinum group-metal (PGM)-free catalysts for many electrochemical reactions. Traditional wet-chemistry catalyst synthesis often requires complex procedures with unsatisfied reproducibility and scalability. Here, we report a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy to synthesize the promising M-N-C catalysts. The deposition of gaseous 2-methylimidazole onto M-doped ZnO substrates, followed by an in situ thermal activation, effectively generated single metal sites well dispersed into porous carbon. In particular, an optimal CVD-derived Fe-N-C catalyst exclusively contains atomically dispersed FeN4 sites with increased Fe loading relative to other catalysts from wet-chemistry synthesis. The catalyst exhibited outstanding oxygen-reduction activity in acidic electrolytes, which was further studied in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells with encouraging performance.

Sr3CrN3: A New Electride with a Partially Filled d-Shell Transition Metal.

Electrides are ionic crystals in which the electrons prefer to occupy free space, serving as anions. Because the electrons prefer to be in the pockets, channels, or layers to the atomic orbitals around the nuclei, it has been challenging to find electrides with partially filled d-shell transition metals, since an unoccupied d-shell provides an energetically favorable location for the electrons to occupy. We recently predicted the existence of electrides with partially filled d-shells using high-throughput computational screening. Here, we provide experimental support using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray and neutron diffraction to show that Sr3CrN3 is indeed an electride despite its partial d-shell configuration. Our findings indicate that Sr3CrN3 is the first known electride with a partially filled d-shell transition metal, in agreement with theory, which significantly broadens the criteria for the search for new electride materials.

Introducing Fe2+ into Nickel-Iron Layered Double Hydroxide: Local Structure Modulated Water Oxidation Activity.

Exploring materials with regulated local structures and understanding how the atomic motifs govern the reactivity and durability of catalysts are a critical challenge for designing advanced catalysts. Herein we report the tuning of the local atomic structure of nickel-iron layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDHs) by partially substituting Ni2+ with Fe2+ to introduce Fe-O-Fe moieties. These Fe2+ -containing NiFe-LDHs exhibit enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an ultralow overpotential of 195 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 , which is among the best OER catalytic performance to date. In-situ X-ray absorption, Raman, and electrochemical analysis jointly reveal that the Fe-O-Fe motifs could stabilize high-valent metal sites at low overpotentials, thereby enhancing the OER activity. These results reveal the importance of tuning the local atomic structure for designing high efficiency electrocatalysts.

Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation.

It remains a grand challenge to replace platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts with earth-abundant materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media, which is crucial for large-scale deployment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, we report a high-performance atomic Fe catalyst derived from chemically Fe-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) by directly bonding Fe ions to imidazolate ligands within 3D frameworks. Although the ZIF was identified as a promising precursor, the new synthetic chemistry enables the creation of well-dispersed atomic Fe sites embedded into porous carbon without the formation of aggregates. The size of catalyst particles is tunable through synthesizing Fe-doped ZIF nanocrystal precursors in a wide range from 20 to 1000 nm followed by one-step thermal activation. Similar to Pt nanoparticles, the unique size control without altering chemical properties afforded by this approach is able to increase the number of PGM-free active sites. The best ORR activity is measured with the catalyst at a size of 50 nm. Further size reduction to 20 nm leads to significant particle agglomeration, thus decreasing the activity. Using the homogeneous atomic Fe model catalysts, we elucidated the active site formation process through correlating measured ORR activity with the change of chemical bonds in precursors during thermal activation up to 1100 °C. The critical temperature to form active sites is 800 °C, which is associated with a new Fe species with a reduced oxidation number (from Fe3+ to Fe2+) likely bonded with pyridinic N (FeN4) embedded into the carbon planes. Further increasing the temperature leads to continuously enhanced activity, linked to the rise of graphitic N and Fe-N species. The new atomic Fe catalyst has achieved respectable ORR activity in challenging acidic media (0.5 M H2SO4), showing a half-wave potential of 0.85 V vs RHE and leaving only a 30 mV gap with Pt/C (60 µgPt/cm2). Enhanced stability is attained with the same catalyst, which loses only 20 mV after 10 000 potential cycles (0.6-1.0 V) in O2 saturated acid. The high-performance atomic Fe PGM-free catalyst holds great promise as a replacement for Pt in future PEMFCs.

Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer With Lymphovascular Invasion in Transurethral Resection Specimen Benefits Most From Platinum-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: The survival benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before definitive radical cystectomy (RC) varied among patients, suggesting proper selection of patients for NAC to maximize the survival benefit. This study aimed to investigate the role of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in transurethral resection (TUR) specimens in selecting patients with MIBC for NAC. METHODS: Two retrospective cohorts of patients with cT2-4aN0 MIBC who underwent RC from 2004 to 2015 provided by Lund University were included. Inverse probability weighting was applied to make the NAC-treated (NAC) and untreated (non-NAC) cohorts comparable. Survival benefits were estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. The primary endpoint was cancer-specific survival (CSS). LVI in TUR specimens and molecular taxonomies (BASE47, UNC, and LundTax) were examined, and bulk RNA-seq datasets were explored for LVI-relevant signatures. RESULTS: A total of 341 patients with cT2-4aN0 MIBC were included. The NAC cohort included 125 patients, whereas the non-NAC cohort included 216 patients. The 3-year CSS benefit of NAC was 7.1%. For patients with positive LVI in TUR specimens, the 3-year CSS benefit of NAC was 26.2% (48.1% vs. 74.3%), with a risk reduction of 56% (HR = 0.44, P = .03). A sensitivity analysis confirmed a significant interaction between LVI and NAC. This study failed to identify the molecular subtypes that maximized the survival benefit of NAC. Exploration of LVI-relevant signatures remains inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: LVI in TUR specimens could help identify patients with MIBC who would derive maximal survival benefit from NAC. Further prospective validation is necessary.

Explainable machine learning predicts survival of retroperitoneal liposarcoma: A study based on the SEER database and external validation in China.

OBJECTIVE: We have developed explainable machine learning models to predict the overall survival (OS) of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) patients. This approach aims to enhance the explainability and transparency of our modeling results. METHODS: We collected clinicopathological information of RLPS patients from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and allocated them into training and validation sets with a 7:3 ratio. Simultaneously, we obtained an external validation cohort from The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai, China). We performed LASSO regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis to identify relevant risk factors, which were then combined to develop six machine learning (ML) models: Cox proportional hazards model (Coxph), random survival forest (RSF), ranger, gradient boosting with component-wise linear models (GBM), decision trees, and boosting trees. The predictive performance of these ML models was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), the integrated cumulative/dynamic area under the curve (AUC), and the integrated Brier score, as well as the Cox-Snell residual plot. We also used time-dependent variable importance, analysis of partial dependence survival plots, and the generation of aggregated survival SHapley Additive exPlanations (SurvSHAP) plots to provide a global explanation of the optimal model. Additionally, SurvSHAP (t) and survival local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (SurvLIME) plots were used to provide a local explanation of the optimal model. RESULTS: The final ML models are consisted of six factors: patient's age, gender, marital status, surgical history, as well as tumor's histopathological classification, histological grade, and SEER stage. Our prognostic model exhibits significant discriminative ability, particularly with the ranger model performing optimally. In the training set, validation set, and external validation set, the AUC for 1, 3, and 5 year OS are all above 0.83, and the integrated Brier scores are consistently below 0.15. The explainability analysis of the ranger model also indicates that histological grade, histopathological classification, and age are the most influential factors in predicting OS. CONCLUSIONS: The ranger ML prognostic model exhibits optimal performance and can be utilized to predict the OS of RLPS patients, offering valuable and crucial references for clinical physicians to make informed decisions in advance.