Subconjunctival sodium hyaluronate 2.3% in trabeculectomy: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of subconjunctival sodium hyaluronate 2.3% in increasing the success rate of glaucoma filtering surgery and promoting filtering blebs with characteristics presumed to predict better success. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five patients scheduled for glaucoma surgery. INTERVENTION: Patients underwent routine trabeculectomy, with or without phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. In the study group (n = 28), sodium hyaluronate 2.3% was injected between the scleral and conjunctival flaps at the conclusion of the surgery. In the control group (n = 27), balanced salt solution (BSS) was injected in the same fashion, in an unmasked design. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Surgical success was defined as (1) a complete success if the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 21 mmHg or less without any antiglaucoma medication, and (2) a qualified success if the IOP was 21 mmHg or less, with or without antiglaucoma medication. Patients requiring additional surgery, including needling, or with IOP more than 21 mmHg, even when receiving antiglaucoma medications, were considered to have failed treatment. Success rates in both groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test. The morphologic characteristics of the filtering blebs were evaluated using the Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale. Other outcome measures were IOP, visual acuity, need for antiglaucoma medication, and any complications. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients completed the study (27 in the study group and 25 in the control group), with a mean follow-up of 12.3 months. Complete success rates were 77.8% for the study group and 84.0% for the control group 12 months after surgery (P>0.5); qualified success rates were 88.9% for the study group and 92.0% for the control group (P>0.6). Mean IOP decreased from 26.0+/-10.0 mmHg to 11.6+/-4.1 mmHg in the study eyes (P<0.001) and from 24.9+/-9.7 mmHg to 13.0+/-4.1 mmHg in the control eyes (P<0.001). Intraocular pressure measurements in both groups were similar at all visits (P>0.05). The study eyes had more diffuse blebs than the control eyes (62.5% > or =4 clock-hours vs. 22.7%; P = 0.012). Postoperative complications were similar in the study eyes (14.8%) and the control eyes (20.0%; P>0.6). CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in success rates in patients who received subconjunctival sodium hyaluronate 2.3% compared to BSS injections. Subconjunctival sodium hyaluronate 2.3% was associated with more diffuse blebs after filtering surgery.

Timolol/dorzolamide combination therapy as initial treatment for intraocular pressure over 30 mm Hg.

PURPOSE: To determine the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of a fixed timolol/dorzolamide combination (Cosopt) for patients with IOP over 30 mm Hg. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: Eighteen patients being seen on the Wills Eye Hospital Glaucoma Service with at least one eye with an IOP > 30 mm Hg were recruited. None had used any glaucoma medications for at least 1 month. IOP was confirmed by diurnal testing. Cosopt was administered at 9 am and 9 pm. Trough IOP measurements were made at 9 am and peak IOP measurements at 11 am at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months. Pretreatment and posttreatment IOPs were compared using a paired-samples independent t test. RESULTS: Mean pretreatment IOP was 37.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg. Baseline posttreatment IOP was 18.4 +/- 0.5 mm Hg (P < 0.01). At 2 months, the mean trough IOP was 21.1 +/- 0.9 mm Hg and the peak, 17.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (each, P < 0.01, as compared with pretreatment baseline IOP). One patient did not respond to Cosopt; two had a clinically insufficient response and did not complete the study. Data from these patients were included in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Over 80% of the eyes responded to Cosopt, with an average trough IOP reduction of 40% at 2 months.

Effectiveness of nonocclusive ligature and fenestration used in Baerveldt aqueous shunts for early postoperative intraocular pressure control.

PURPOSE: The authors determined the effectiveness of two different methods of modification of Baerveldt aqueous shunts in the control of early postoperative intraocular pressure. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed charts of 122 eyes of 113 patients who underwent a Baerveldt 350-mm(2) modified with tube fenestration and charts of 129 eyes of 122 patients who underwent a Baerveldt 350-mm(2) modified with a nonocclusive ligature to examine early postoperative intraocular pressure control. In the fenestration group, the tube was modified with a 4-0 intraluminal suture and an occlusive 6-0 external polyglactin ligature before ocular placement. After ocular placement, the tube was further modified with one to three perforating fenestrations. In the nonocclusive-ligature group, the tube was modified with a 4-0 nylon intraluminal suture with a nonocclusive 6-0 external polyglactin ligature before ocular placement. RESULTS: A total of 94 eyes (77%) achieved adequate intraocular pressure control with or without adjunctive medications and. A total of 28 eyes (23%) had postoperative hypertension or hypotony in the fenestration group versus 81 (62.8%) and 48 (37.2%) eyes in the nonocclusive-ligature group (P = 0.014), respectively. The mean change in intraocular pressure preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively was 18.2 mm Hg versus 21.0 mm Hg (P = 0.11) in the fenestration and nonocclusive-ligature groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both the nonocclusive ligature and the fenestration methods provide desirable decreases in intraocular pressure in the immediate postoperative period and 3 months postoperatively; however, the fenestration modification may achieve adequate intraocular pressure control more often in the early postoperative period.

Patient comfort with combined anterior sub-Tenon's, topical, and intracameral anesthesia versus retrobulbar anesthesia in trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, and aqueous shunt surgery.

PURPOSE: To assess patient comfort using combined anterior sub-Tenon's, topical, and intracameral ("Blitz") anesthesia versus retrobulbar anesthesia in glaucoma surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, 139 consecutive patients who received retrobulbar anesthesia and 139 consecutive patients who received Blitz anesthesia during glaucoma surgery were evaluated in a prospective fashion. The retrobulbar group included 49 trabeculectomies, 36 aqueous shunts, and 54 phacotrabeculectomies. The Blitz group included 49 trabeculectomies, 30 aqueous shunts, and 60 phacotrabeculectomies. Patients were asked to assess their level of ocular pain operatively and postoperatively on a 10-point visual analog scale. The operative and postoperative pain scores and postoperative sedation of patients receiving retrobulbar anesthesia were compared with those of patients receiving Blitz anesthesia during trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, and aqueous shunt surgery, separately. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in the mean operative or postoperative pain scores between the two groups during trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, or aqueous shunt surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Blitz anesthesia offers a reasonable alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia for trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, and aqueous shunt surgery.

Aqueous shunts for intractable glaucoma in infants.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcome of aqueous shunts in the treatment of infantile glaucoma refractory to conventional treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of all patients up to 3 years of age managed with aqueous shunts for uncontrolled glaucoma between November 1990 and November 1996 were retrospectively reviewed. Ten eyes of 6 patients were included in the study. RESULTS: The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 29.75 +/- 4.15 (mm Hg; SD), with none of the eyes on antiglaucoma medication. Postoperatively, the mean IOP was 18.25 +/- 5.34 (mm Hg; SD) at a mean follow up of 50 +/- 25.6 (SD) months with 7 eyes on topical antiglaucoma medication. At the final follow up, 6 eyes were considered successfully controlled without reintervention, 2 more were controlled after shunt revision, and 2 were considered failures. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous shunts were relatively effective in this series of infants with recalcitrant glaucoma.

Free conjunctival grafts in the repair of leaking filtering blebs

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of free conjunctival grafting for leaking conjunctival blebs following trabeculectomy. METHODS: Retrospective study of seven patients with leaking conjunctival blebs that were repaired by free conjunctival grafting. The effectiveness of this procedure in stopping the bleb leak, maintaining satisfactory intraocular pressure (IOP), maintaining satisfactory anterior chamber depth, and preserving vision was evaluated. RESULTS: Free conjunctival grafting appeared to have stopped the bleb leak in 6 patients (85.7 percent), maintained satisfactory IOP in 5 patients (71.4 percent), maintained satisfactory anterior chamber depth in all patients, and preserved pretreatment vision in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Free conjunctival grafting appears to be an effective method to treat leaking blebs, without loss of IOP control.

O uso intraoperatório de mitomicina C em glaucomas refratários / Topical intraoperative mitomycin C in refractory glaucomas

Foram revistos os prontuários de 42 pacientes portadores de glaucoma refratário submetidos a trabeculectomia associada ao uso intra-operatório de mitomicina C (0.4 mg/ml) entre outubro de 1991 e maio de 1992 no Serviço de Glaucoma do Wills Eye Hospital (Philadelphia, EUA). Dos 42 olhos, 34 puderam ser seguidos por pelo menos 6 meses. Dentre estes 34, 29 (83,5 por cento) apresentaram controle pressórico adequado ao final de um período de seguimento médio de 7,2 +ou- 1,4 meses. As principais complicaçöes pós-operatórias, entre as quais, descolamento da coróide (16,6 por cento), câmara anterior rasa (9,5 por cento) e maculopatia por hipotonia (4,8 por cento) estäo relacionadas ao excesso de filtraçäo observado no pós-operatório. Este estudo sugere que a mitomicina C é um potente inibidor do processo de cicatrizaçäo, altamente eficaz em prevenir a falência da cirurgia filtrante em olhos com glaucomas refratários. A reduçäo da dosagem e do tempo de exposiçäo à mitomicina C podem resultar em um menor número de complicaçöes secundárias ao excesso de filtraçäo. Estudos prospectivos e randomizados estäo sendo realizados para investigar esta possibilidade