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In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the number of patients afflicted with laryngeal diseases, including cancer, trauma, and other ailments leading to voice loss. Currently, the market is witnessing a pressing demand for medical and healthcare products designed to assist individuals with voice defects, prompting the invention of the artificial throat (AT). This user-friendly device eliminates the need for complex procedures like phonation reconstruction surgery. Therefore, in this review, we will initially give a careful introduction to the intelligent AT, which can act not only as a sound sensor but also as a thin-film sound emitter. Then, the sensing principle to detect sound will be discussed carefully, including capacitive, piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and piezoresistive components employed in the realm of sound sensing. Following this, the development of thermoacoustic theory and different materials made of sound emitters will also be analyzed. After that, various algorithms utilized by the intelligent AT for speech pattern recognition will be reviewed, including some classical algorithms and neural network algorithms. Finally, the outlook, challenge, and conclusion of the intelligent AT will be stated. The intelligent AT presents clear advantages for patients with voice impairments, demonstrating significant social values.
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Faringe , Voz , Humanos , Som , Algoritmos , Redes Neurais de ComputaçãoRESUMO
We determined the complete genomic sequence of begonia flower breaking virus (BFBV), a novel putative member of the genus Potyvirus isolated from Begonia bowerae cv. 'Tiger' plants grown in Kunming. The genomic RNA comprises 9540 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, and contains a typical open reading frame (ORF) of potyviruses. The ORF consists of 9219 nucleotides and encodes a 3073-amino-acid polyprotein that is predicted to be proteolytically cleaved into 10 mature peptides. Sequence comparison indicated that BFBV shares 43.9-55.12% amino acid sequence identity with known potyviruses and that BFBV shares the highest amino acid sequence identity (55.12%) with beet mosaic virus. The results from the complete genomic sequence analysis further suggest that BFBV is a member of a novel species in the genus Potyvirus.
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Begoniaceae/virologia , Flores/virologia , Genoma Viral/genética , Potyvirus/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Genômica/métodos , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética , Filogenia , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma/métodosRESUMO
We use metal nanostructures (nanoplasmonics) excited with dual frequency lasers to generate and detect high-frequency (>10 GHz) sound wave resonances in water. The difference frequency between the two lasers causes beating in the intensity, which results in a drop in the transmission through the nanostructure when an acoustic resonance is excited. By observing the resonance frequency shifts with changing nanostructure size, the transition from slow to fast sound in water is inferred, which has been measured by inelastic scattering methods in the past. The observed behavior shows remarkable similarities to finite element simulations using a simple Debye model for sound velocity (without fitting parameters).
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Although several studies have demonstrated a short-term association between outdoor temperature and blood pressure (BP) among various adult groups, evidence among children and adolescents is lacking. One hundred ninety-four thousand one hundred four participants from 2016 Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents (HPPCA) were analyzed through generalized linear mixed-effects models to estimate the short-term effects of two outdoor temperature variables (average and minimum temperature) on participants' BP. Decreasing outdoor temperature was associated with significant increases in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and prevalence of hypertension during lag 0 through lag 6. Additionally, daily minimum temperature showed a more apparent association with participants' BP. The estimated increases (95% confidence interval) in SBP and DBP at lag 0 were 0.82 (0.72, 0.92) mmHg and 2.28 (2.20, 2.35) mmHg for a 1 °C decrease in daily minimum temperature, while those values were 0.11 (0.10, 0.12) mmHg and 0.25 (0.24, 0.26) mmHg for a 1 °C decrease in daily average temperature, respectively. The effects of temperature on BP were stronger among female, as well as those with young age and low body mass index. It demonstrated that short-term decreases in outdoor temperature were significantly associated with rises in BP among children and adolescents. This founding has some implications for clinical management and research of BP. Meanwhile, public health intervention should be designed to reduce the exposure to cold temperature for protecting children and adolescents' BP.
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Pressão Sanguínea , Temperatura , Adolescente , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Criança , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Material Particulado/análiseRESUMO
In order to quickly and accurately obtain the transient temperature field information of the barrel when the gun is firing, the transient temperature measurement system was designed with apodized-chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) probe. In the system, chirped fiber grating was used to modulate the bandwidth of echo light. The bandwidth of echo light had been greatly improved. So the number of apodized-chirped FBGs in one fiber could be greatly increased, and the energy of echo light was increased too. The performances of five common apodization functions were analyzed, and the super-Gaussian function was used to process the echo signals in the system. This function effectively suppressed sidelobe increases and spectral dispersion caused by chirp modulation, which indicated that it could meet the design requirements of the transient temperature measurement. 50 apodized-chirped FBGs, which evenly wound on the barrel, were used in the experiments, and they modulation range was from 1 532.0 to 1 548.0 nm. Transient temperature of a certain type of gun barrel was tested when it fired, and test data from the system were compared to WRP-130S high-speed temperature detector. Experimental results show that the two methods are similar ones with average error of less than 2%, and better than 1% in the region of temperature steady drop. 1 â can cause 0.041 3 nm wavelength shift in temperature-wavelength data. Transient temperatures of 50 independent positions can be obtained in an acquisition, so the efficiency of the barrel temperature field reconstruction is greatly improving.
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Vascular stent implantation has become an important choice for the treatment of severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular blockage. Rational design is vital to ensure the mechanical properties of the vascular stents, which are important both to the implantation and service as for clinical treatment of coronary heart disease. Therefore we proposed a wholly new non-uniform honeycomb stent E and compared with an inverted honeycomb-like shaped stent F and a honeycomb-like shaped stent G. To evaluate their properties, a finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the implantation process (crimp, crimp recoil, expand, and expand recoil) of these three different kinds of stents. Results showed that the stent E exhibits better mechanical behaviour than the other two stents F and G as far as radial strength and axial shortening performances and that the distribution of equivalent stress among the stent E is more uniform than that among the other two stents F and G. After that, a three-point bending method was used to study the bending flexibility of these three vascular stents. Stent E shows high bending stiffness compared with stents F and G due to the existence of additional support bridges in its structure. This study can be helpful to the rational design of optimizable PLA stents for its practical clinical performance and therefore possibly improve the prognosis of patients.
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Implantes Absorvíveis , Stents , Humanos , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Poliésteres , Ácido Láctico , Estresse Mecânico , Desenho de PróteseRESUMO
Due to the development of the novel materials, the past two decades have witnessed the rapid advances of soft electronics. The soft electronics have huge potential in the physical sign monitoring and health care. One of the important advantages of soft electronics is forming good interface with skin, which can increase the user scale and improve the signal quality. Therefore, it is easy to build the specific dataset, which is important to improve the performance of machine learning algorithm. At the same time, with the assistance of machine learning algorithm, the soft electronics have become more and more intelligent to realize real-time analysis and diagnosis. The soft electronics and machining learning algorithms complement each other very well. It is indubitable that the soft electronics will bring us to a healthier and more intelligent world in the near future. Therefore, in this review, we will give a careful introduction about the new soft material, physiological signal detected by soft devices, and the soft devices assisted by machine learning algorithm. Some soft materials will be discussed such as two-dimensional material, carbon nanotube, nanowire, nanomesh, and hydrogel. Then, soft sensors will be discussed according to the physiological signal types (pulse, respiration, human motion, intraocular pressure, phonation, etc.). After that, the soft electronics assisted by various algorithms will be reviewed, including some classical algorithms and powerful neural network algorithms. Especially, the soft device assisted by neural network will be introduced carefully. Finally, the outlook, challenge, and conclusion of soft system powered by machine learning algorithm will be discussed.
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We present a detailed analysis of nanoparticle trapping using plasmonic nanostructures, which predicts an improvement of two orders of magnitude in trapping force obtained by optimizing the plasmon resonance of the nanostructures. As the result, a total of four orders of magnitude enhancement in trapping force can be achieved comparing to the case without the nanostructures. In addition, it is illustrated that tuning the resonance wavelength is achievable by varying the diameter and/or the height of the nanorods.
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In this study, a series of polyether-type defoamers for concrete which consist of the same alkyl chain (hydrophobic part) but different polyether chains (hydrophilic part) was prepared, and the structure-property relationship of the defoamers was investigated for the first time. Using oleyl alcohol (OA) as the starting agent (alkyl chain), the polyether defoamers with different polyether chains were prepared by changing the amount and sequence of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) units. The properties of different defoamers were tested in aqueous solutions, and fresh and hardened mortars; the structure-property relationship of the defoamers was thus studied. The results indicated that the defoaming capacity of the polyether defoamers decreased with an increased EO amount, and the defoamers linked with both EO and PO units (PO before EO) had a stronger defoaming capacity than those linked with EO only. This study is beneficial for the development and applications of novel synthetic polyether-type defoamers for concrete.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an extremely flowable concrete, which increases the probability of segregation and bleeding. Viscosity-modifying admixtures (VMAs) have been developed to improve the stability of SCC. Synthetic polymer VMAs have excellent water solubility and stability, and can be easily chemically prepared and modified. In this work, a series of copolymers based on anionic 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and nonionic N, N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA), with similar molecular weights but different charge densities, were prepared. The effect of the charge density of the anionic polymers on the fluidity, rheological property, and adsorption behavior of the cement pastes was investigated. The action mechanism of the polymers was discussed. The results indicate that the charge density of anionic polymer VMAs is of great significance for the development of cost-effective SCCs with good rheological properties.
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A new formulation (suspension concentrate, SC) of PBQ [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl) urea] was used in water network schistosomiasis-endemic areas to test its molluscicidal efficacy and the acute toxicity to crustaceans. PBQ (20% SC), 26% metaldehyde, and niclosamide suspension concentrate [MNSC (26% SC)] were used both in ditch and field experiments for the molluscicidal efficacy comparison. Acute toxicity tests of two molluscicides were conducted using Neocaridina denticulate and Eriocheir sinensis. Both in the field and ditch experiments, PBQ exhibited comparable molluscicidal efficacy with MNSC. At doses of 0.50 g/m3 and 0.50 g/m2, the snail mortalities were more than 90% three days after PBQ (20% SC) application. Compared with previous tests, PBQ (20% SC) exhibited higher molluscicidal activity than PBQ (25% wettable powder, 25% WP) used in Jiangling and showed similar mollucicidal activity to PBQ (25% WP) used in Dali and Poyang Lake. The 96 h LC50 value of MNSC against Eriocheir sinensis was 283.84 mg a.i./L. At the concentration of PBQ (20% SC) 1000 mg a.i./L, all Eriocheir sinensis were alive. The 96 h LC50 values of PBQ and MNSC against Neocaridina denticulate were 17.67 and 14.05 mg a.i./L, respectively. In conclusion, PBQ (20% SC) had a comparable molluscicidal efficacy with MNSC (26% SC) and PBQ (25% WP). Furthermore, it showed lower toxicity to the crustacean species, better solubility, no floating dust, and convenience for carriage. PBQ (20% SC) was suitable for controlling snails in the water network schistosomiasis-endemic areas.
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Lilium nepalense is a useful plant species not only for its showy flowers but also has high medicinal value. In this study, the whole chloroplast genome of L. nepalense was sequenced for the first time. The genome size of L. nepalense, was 152,956bp, with typical tetragonal structure: one large single copy (82,573 bp), one small single copy (17,527 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 26,428 bp). The overall GC content was 37.0%. The complete genome contained 131 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that L. nepalense was a close relationship between L. leucanthum and L. henryi. Phylogenetic analysis placed L. nepalense under the family Liliaceae.
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Lilium rosthornii is the perennial herbaceous bulbous plant belonging to the Lily of the Liliaceae, with high ornamental value and medicinal values. In this present study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of Lilium rosthornii by Illumina Hiseq X Ten and PacBio RS technologies firstly. The genome size of L. rosthornii, was 152,242bp, with typical tetragonal structure: one large single-copy (LSC, 81,875 bp), one small single-copy (SSC, 17,553 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 26,407 bp). The overall GC content was 37.02%. The complete genome contained 131 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis placed L. rosthornii under the family Liliaceae.
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Lilium amoenum E. H. Wilson ex Sealy is classified in Liliaceae, and it is an important ornamental plant with wonderful rose-red color and pleasant rose fragrance. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of L. amoenum by Illumina Hiseq X Ten and PacBio RS technologies. The genome size of L. amoenum is 152,280 bp, and displays a typical quadripartite structure: one large single-copy (LSC, 81,977 bp), one small single-copy (SSC, 17,539 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 26,382 bp). The overall GC content was 37.0%. The complete genome contained 131 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that L. amoenum is closely related to L. taliense and L. bakerianum. The present study could afford crucial genetic information for further researches on the genus and related genera.
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We demonstrate a three dimensional nanoparticle trapping approach aided by the surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanostructures. The localized surface plasmon resonance effect provides strong electromagnetic field enhancement, which enables confinement of nanoparticles in the three-dimensional space. Numerical simulations indicate that the plasmonic structure provides approximately two orders of magnitude stronger optical forces for trapping nanoparticles, compared with that without nanostructures. The study of thermal effect of the plasmonic structure shows that the impact of the thermal force is significant, which may determine the outcome of the nanoparticle trapping.
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Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/efeitos da radiação , Pinças Ópticas , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Luz , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , TemperaturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, predisposing factors, early diagnosis and treatment options of heterotopic pregnancy (HP) following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedure. METHODS: A retrospective review study was performed to identify the HP cases after IVF-ET at the Reproductive Centre in Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital in China between the years of 2002-2007. RESULTS: Twelve out of 1,476 pregnancies (0.81%) were diagnosed for HP, of which nine patients elected for exploratory salpingectomy, two patients received selective fetal reduction by embryo aspiration under ultrasound guidance, and one patient opted for expectant treatment. Postoperatively, four intrauterine pregnancies were continued to develop until term while two were delivered at 35 weeks of gestation. The achievement ratio of continuous pregnancy was 66.7% (6/9). CONCLUSION: The incidence of HP is increasing due to the widespread use of assisted reproductive technology. An early transvaginal sonography performed by experienced radiologist/radiographer is considered to be essential and beneficial in establishing early diagnosis of HP. Both salpingectomy and selective fetal reduction by embryo aspiration can be administered as one of the effective therapies for HP with the optimal outcome of intrauterine pregnancy.
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Transferência Embrionária/efeitos adversos , Gravidez Ectópica/etiologia , Gravidez , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro , Humanos , Incidência , Laparotomia , Redução de Gravidez Multifetal , Gravidez Ectópica/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez Ectópica/epidemiologia , Gravidez Ectópica/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
As the first blood pressure (BP) reference considering influence of height in China, national blood pressure reference for Chinese han children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years (CCBP) was issued in 2017. The current study aimed to observe the short-term trends in BP and prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) and high normal blood pressure (HNBP) using this CCBP reference in Suzhou, China. Data of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years were collected from 2014 to 2017. Total population of 2014 to 2017 were 617,383, 684,453, 695,302, and 774,605, respectively, and proportions of males were 54.1%, 54.0%, 53.9%, and 53.8%, respectively. P-trend tests were conducted to examine the trends of BP among different age, region, body mass index, and socioeconomic status groups for each gender. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found secular decreases in prevalence of HBP and HNBP, after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with that in 2014, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for total study population were 0.936 (0.928, 0.944) in 2015, 0.879 (0.872, 0.887) in 2016, and 0.934 (0.926, 0.941) in 2017. In conclusion, prevalence of HBP and HNBP decreased among children and adolescents in developed regions of China from 2014 to 2017, and a slight rise were found in 2017.
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Determinação da Pressão Arterial/normas , Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Classe Social , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Several studies have demonstrated associations between short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and blood pressure (BP) among various adults groups, but evidence in children and adolescents is still rare. In 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 194â¯104 participants aged 6-17 years in Suzhou, China. Daily concentrations of particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10⯵g/m3 (PM10) and aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5⯵g/m3 (PM2.5) on 0-6 days preceding BP examination were collected from nearby air monitoring stations. Using generalized linear mixed-effects models, short-term effects of PM on personal BP were estimated. A 10⯵g/m3 increment in the 0-6 day mean of PM2.5 was significantly associated with elevation of 0.20â¯mmHg [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.16-0.23] in systolic BP (SBP), 0.49â¯mmHg (95% CI 0.45-0.53) in diastolic BP (DBP), respectively. Similarly, 0.14â¯mmHg (95% CI 0.12-0.16) higher SBP and 0.32â¯mmHg (95% CI 0.30-0.34) higher DBP were found for each 10⯵g/m3 increase in 0-6 day mean of PM10. More apparent associations were observed in females than in males. Odds ratio (95%CI) of for PM2.5 exposure at 0-6â¯d mean was 1.06 (1.03-1.08) in females, while it was 1.01 (0.99-1.03) in males. Participants with young ages, underweight and obesity were also associated with increased susceptibility to PM-induced BP effects. Short-term exposure in PM was significantly associated with elevated BP in children, indicating a need to control PM levels and protect children from PM exposure in China.
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Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Pressão Sanguínea , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Material Particulado/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Criança , China , Cidades , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Obesidade , Razão de Chances , Rios , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate of frozen embryo transfer (FET) in a natural cycle. METHODS: Women with frozen embryos planned to receive FET and had spontaneous ovulation in a natural cycle were chosen for observation. They were assigned to the treated group and the control group, both were treated with conventional medicine in the very month of FET, but to the treated group, Chinese herbal medicine was given additionally. The clinical pregnant rate, implantation rate, endometrial thickness during transferring, as well as the levels of estrogen and progesterone 2 weeks after transfer in the two groups were observed and compared. RESULTS: The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in the treated group were significant higher than those in the control group, 47.37% (36/76 cases) vs 32.14% (54/168 cases) and 22.38% (47/210 embryos) vs 16.09% (74/460 embryos), respectively (all P <0.05). Difference between the two groups in endometrial thickness, levels of estrogen and progesterone showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chinese herbal medicine could enhance the clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in the natural cycle of FET to certain extent.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Infertilidade Feminina/tratamento farmacológico , Ciclo Menstrual/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Criopreservação , Implantação do Embrião , Transferência Embrionária , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/fisiopatologia , Infertilidade Feminina/terapia , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Chinese herbal medicine Gutai Decoction (GTD) on the abortion rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: Observed were two hundred and forty-seven women having received IVF-ET and with beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) > 25 IU/L on the 14th day after transferring. All were treated conventionally with progesterone 20 - 80 mg per day after transferring and if necessary the treatment was supplemented with Progynova 2 - 4 mg per day, with the medication withdrawn gradually from the 9th week of pregnancy till stopped completely. Among them 131 cases received GTD medication additionally, for 109 cases of whom the medication started from the 2nd day of transferring (taken as Group A) and for the other 22 cases from the 14th day after transferring (taken as Group B), the other 116 cases with no additional GTD treatment given were taken as the control group, with the medication lasting to the 12th week. The abortion rate in them was observed. RESULTS: The abortion rate in Group A, Group B and the control group was 12.84%, 13.64% and 23.28%, respectively, the difference between the GTD treated groups and the control group was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chinese medicine GTD could reduce abortion rate in women receiving IVF-ET.