Electrochemical Oxidation of Furfural on NiMoP/NF: Boosting Current Density with Enhanced Adsorption of Oxygenates.

Substituting the low-value oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with thermodynamically more favored organic oxidation such as furfural oxidation reaction (FOR) is regarded as a perspective approach to decrease energy cost of hydrogen evolution from water splitting. However, the kinetic of FOR can be even more sluggish than OER under large current density. In this work, a strategy is proposed to accelerate FOR by enhancing the adsorption of oxygenates on active sites. Over the prepared NiMoP/NF anode, only 1.46 V versus RHE is required in furfural solution to achieve 500 mA cm-2 , significantly better than the OER activity over commercial RuO2 /NF under the same current density (1.57 V vs RHE).

Coupling electrochemical H2O2 production and the in situ selective oxidation of organics over a bifunctional TS-1@Co-N-C catalyst.

A core-shell TS-1@Co-N-C was prepared by thermally pyrolyzing polydopamine and cobalt acetate outside TS-1 crystals. The Co-N-C shell catalyzes the electrochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while the TS-1 core catalyzes the oxidation of organic reagents. It achieved a H2O2 selectivity higher than 95% without organics, and accomplished an excellent bisphenol selectivity of 99.45% when coupled with phenol oxidation. Moreover, paired oxidation of furfural at both cathodic and anodic sides further led to an overall Faradaic efficiency of 141.09%. This bifunctional catalyst helps to integrate the in situ generation and usage of H2O2 into a single electrode, thus reduces the equipment and operating costs.

A 3,4-dimercapto-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione-chelated ruthenium carbene catalyst for Z-stereoretentive/stereoselective olefin metathesis.

A ruthenium carbene catalyst chelated with a 3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-ene-1,2-dithiolate ligand was synthesized and its molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ru catalyst had excellent catalytic activity with high yields and good Z/E ratios for the ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (yield: 96%/Z/E: 86 : 14) and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (yield: 86%/Z/E: 91 : 9) and for ring opening cross metathesis (ROCM) reactions of norbornene/5-norbornene-2-exo, 3-exo-dimethanol with styrene (yields: 64%-92%/Z/E: 97 : 3-98 : 2) or 4-fluorostyrene (yield: 46%-94%/Z/E: 98 : 2). The catalyst also had high Z-stereoretentivity (91 : 9-98 : 2) for cross-metathesis (CM) reactions of terminal olefins with (Z)-2-butene-1,4-diol. More importantly, the catalyst had moderate Z-stereoselectivity for homometathesis reactions of terminal olefins giving cis-olefins as the major products (Z/E ratios of 70 : 30-77 : 23). Like other Ru carbene complexes, the catalyst tolerates many different functional groups. The presented data, supported by DFT calculations, show that our catalyst, bearing a chelating 3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-ene-1,2-dithiolate ligand, exhibits higher stability towards air than Hoveyda's stereoretentive complex systems.

Synthesis, catalysis, and DFT study of a ruthenium carbene complex bearing a 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane (12)-1,2-dithiolate ligand.

A ruthenium carbene catalyst containing a 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane(12)-1,2-dithiolate ligand was synthesized, and the structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This new ruthenium carbene catalyst can catalyze the ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reaction of norbornene to give the corresponding Z-polymer (Z/E ratio, 98 : 2) in high yield (93%); ring opening cross metathesis (ROCM) reactions of norbornene/5-norbornene-2-exo, 3-exo-dimethanol with styrene or 4-fluorostyrene to give the corresponding Z-olefin products (Z/E ratios, 97 : 3-98 : 2), respectively, in high yields (73%-88%); cross metathesis (CM) reactions of terminal alkenes with (Z)-but-2-ene-1,4-diol to give high Z-olefin products in low yields; homometathesis reactions of terminal alkenes to give olefin products in low yields. Like other ruthenium carbene catalysts, the new complex tolerates many different functional groups. DFT calculations were also performed in order to understand the process of forming Z-olefin products and the decomposition process of catalysts.

A pH-controlled recyclable indolinooxazolidine tagged N-heterocyclic carbene Ru catalyst for olefin metathesis.

An indolinooxazolidine tagged N-heterocyclic carbene Ru olefin metathesis catalyst was synthesized and the molecular structure of this new Ru complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This complex is a homogeneous catalyst and can be recovered by controlling the polarity of the indolinooxazolidine tag. Under acidic conditions the indolinooxazolidine tag exists as an open protonated form and under basic conditions the tag is in a closed form. The distribution of this catalyst in a two-phase system can be controlled by simply changing the pH, making the recovery of this catalyst easily obtainable.