Stretchable, flexible fabric heater based on carbon nanotubes and water polyurethane nanocomposites by wet spinning process.

Wearable heaters are essential for people living in cold regions, but creating heaters that are low-cost, lightweight, and high air permeability poses challenges. In this study, we developed a wearable heater using carbon nanotube/water polyurethane (CNT/WPU) nanocomposite fibers that achieve high extension rate and conductivity. We produced low-cost and mass-produced fibers using the wet spinning. With heat treatment, we increased the elongation rate of the fibers to 1893.8% and decreased the resistivity to 0.07 Ω*m. then wove the fibers into a heating fabric using warp knitting, that resistance is 493 Ω. Achieved a uniform temperature of 58 °C at voltage of 36 V, with a thermal stability fluctuation of -5.0 °C to +6.3 °C when bent from 0° to 360°. Our results show that wearable heaters have excellent flexibility and stretchability, due to nanocomposite fibers and special braided structure, which offer a novel idea for wearable heaters.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Immune Reconstitution in Patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL Treated with Donor-Derived CD7 CAR-T Therapy.

PURPOSE: CD7 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy has potent antitumor activity against relapsed/refractory (R/R) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL), however, immune reconstitution after CAR-T remains largely unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An open-label phase I clinical trial (ChiCTR2200058969) was initiated to evaluate safety and efficacy of donor-derived CD7 CAR-T cells in 7 R/R T-ALL/LBL patients. CAR-T cells were detected by flow cytometry and PCR. Cytokine levels were quantified by cytometric bead arrays. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was adopted to profile immune reconstitution. RESULTS: Optimal complete remission (CR) was 100% on day 28, and median followed-up time was 4 months. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were observed in 6 patients, and infections occurred in 5 patients. Two patients died of serious infection and one died of a brain hemorrhage. CAR-T cells expanded efficiently in all patients. CD7+ T cells were eliminated in peripheral blood on day 11 after infusion, and CD7- T cells dramatically expanded in all patients. scRNA-seq suggested that immunologic activities of CD7- T cells were stronger than those of T cells before infusion due to higher expression levels of T-cell function-related pathways, and major characters of such CD7- T cells were activation of autoimmune-related pathways. Monocyte loss was found in 2 patients who died of serious infections, indicating the main cause of the infections after infusion. S100A8 and S100A9 were identified as potential relapse markers due to their notable upregulation in leukocyte lineage in relapsed patients versus non-relapse controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our data revealed cellular level dynamics of immune homeostasis of CD7 CAR-T therapy, which is valuable for optimizing the treatment of R/R T-ALL/LBL.

Reprogramming lipid metabolism as potential strategy for hematological malignancy therapy.

Hematological malignancies are one of the most lethal illnesses that seriously threaten human life and health. Lipids are important constituents of various biological membranes and substances for energy storage and cell signaling. Furthermore, lipids are critical in the normal physiological activities of cells. In the process of the lethal transformation of hematological malignancies, lipid metabolism reprogramming meets the material and energy requirements of rapidly proliferating and dividing tumor cells. A large number of studies have shown that dysregulated lipid metabolism, commonly occurs in hematological malignancies, mediating the proliferation, growth, migration, invasion, apoptosis, drug resistance and immune escape of tumor cells. Targeting the lipid metabolism pathway of hematological malignancies has become an effective therapeutic approach. This article reviews the oncogenic mechanisms of lipid metabolism reprogramming in hematological malignancies, including fatty acid, cholesterol and phospholipid metabolism, thereby offering an insight into targeting lipid metabolism in the treatment of hematological malignancies.

Effects of long-term alcohol exposure on the pharmacokinetic profiles of ketamine and norketamine in rats.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse has become a serious health issue worldwide. Ketamine can reduce addiction risk among patients with alcohol use disorders. This study aimed to determine the effects of alcohol on the pharmacokinetics of ketamine during long-term alcohol exposure. METHOD: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for determination of ketamine and norketamine was developed and validated. A total of 15 rats were given 40% alcohol for 3 weeks. The pharmacokinetics of ketamine were measured at time zero, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after alcohol exposure. The metabolic capability of liver CYP450 was evaluated using three probe drugs: metoprolol, phenacetin, and tolbutamide. RESULTS: During drinking of 40% alcohol, the AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞), and Cmax of ketamine and norketamine significantly increased, while V and CL significantly decreased with time (p < 0.001). The pharmacokinetic changes of norketamine were highly consistent with ketamine. Additionally, the concentration ratio of norketamine/ketamine in sample time also decreased over time. However, there were no pharmacokinetic changes of three probe drugs, which indicated there was no significant change of liver CYPs activities. CONCLUSION: Alcohol significantly increases plasma concentration of ketamine and norketamine. The effect of alcohol on pharmacokinetics of ketamine should be considered in clinical therapy.