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Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. Long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the pathogenesis of PD regulated by UCA1 has not been fully explained. We used 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced SK-N-SH cells for functional analysis. Expression levels of UCA1, microRNA (miR)-671-5p, and KPNA4 (karyopherin subunit alpha 4) mRNA were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) or flow cytometry assays. Some protein levels were measured by western blotting. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The levels of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), MDA (malondialdehyde), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) were measured using corresponding kits. The relationship between UCA1 or KPNA4 and miR-671-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and/or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. MPP+ induced UCA1 expression in SK-N-SH cells in a concentration-dependent manner or time-dependent manner. UCA1 knockdown reduced MPP+-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in SK-N-SH cells. MiR-671-5p was downregulated while KPNA4 was upregulated in MPP+-treated SK-N-SH cells. UCA1 sponged miR-671-5p to regulate KPNA4 expression. MiR-671-5p inhibition counteracted UCA1 knockdown-mediated influence on apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of MPP+-induced SK-N-SH cells. KPNA4 overexpression offset the inhibitory influence of miR-671-5p mimic on apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of MPP+-treated SK-N-SH cells. UCA1 inhibition reduced MPP+-induced neuronal damage through the miR-671-5p/KPNA4 pathway in SK-N-SH cells, providing a novel mechanism to understand the pathogenesis of PD.
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Carcinoma de Células de Transição , MicroRNAs , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Doença de Parkinson , RNA Longo não Codificante , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Humanos , 1-Metil-4-fenilpiridínio/toxicidade , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Apoptose , alfa CarioferinasRESUMO
Direct conversion of raw materials to fine chemicals is greatly economically influential. We developed a non-expensive cobalt-catalyzed multicomponent carbonylative reaction for the synthesis of γ-aryl carboxylic acid esters from readily available methylarene, ethylene, and CO, which are widely found in multiple FDA-approved drugs.
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Álcoois , Cobalto , Ácidos Carboxílicos , Catálise , EtilenosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: DDMS is a rare disease diagnosed by clinical and radiological characteristics. But the complexity of radiological and clinical manifestations of DDMS has become a challenge diagnostically. To date, the reported cases with DDMS had highly varied clinical manifestations including seizures, contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis, facial asymmetry, mental retardation, etc. In addition to typical clinical findings, some new characteristics have been recently added to the spectrum of DDMS. However, few cases have been reported to be associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms according to the literature. This study aimed to investigate the neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) and related imaging findings. METHODS: This study included 7 patients diagnosed with DDMS between 2014 and 2020. The clinical characteristics, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and radiological results were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Seven patients (five males and two females) with a mean age of 28.0 ± 9.73 (range 15.0-41.0) years were included. Five patients were admitted to the psychiatric unit due to psychological and behavioral disorders. Two patients were referred to the neurology unit mainly due to epilepsy. Six patients had epileptic seizures, 4 had hemiplegia, 3 had mental retardation, 2 patients had external ear deformities, and 2 had facial asymmetry. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were presented in 6 (85.7 %) cases. Cases 2-6 developed affective disorders. Deficits in verbal communication, impairment of social interaction, lack of insight, adulia and hypobulia appeared in cases 1-4. Schizophrenia with apathy, and epileptic schizoid psychosis were observed in cases 4 and 5 respectively. Case 6 had behavioral disorders, hyperactivity, tic disorder, mental retardation, anxiety, catatonic symptoms and suicidal tendency. Case 7 had seizures and mental retardation, and no psychiatric symptoms were presented. Radiological examinations showed unilateral cerebral atrophy, enlarged lateral ventricles, and various compensatory hypertrophy of the skull in all cases. The midline structure has shifted to the affected side in 5(71.4 %) cases. Atrophy of the basal ganglia or brain stem was observed in 4(57.1 %) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The hallmark imaging manifestations of DDMS facilitated the diagnosis in most cases. This study illustrated that a variety of psychoneurotic disorders and ear abnormalities were correlated with DDMS.
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Encefalopatias , Adolescente , Adulto , Encefalopatias/complicações , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia/etiologia , Feminino , Hemiplegia/etiologia , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/etiologia , Masculino , Neuroimagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A method for palladium-catalyzed carbonylative C-S bond activation of divinyl sulfides to synthesize numerous tert-(E)-butyl arylacry-lates under 1 bar of CO has been developed. Employing electron-rich NHC as the ligand, the electron-rich and stabilized palladium complex trend to oxidative addition to the relatively inert C-S bond and decreased the poisoning effect of sulfide and CO; a series of tert-(E)-butyl acrylates were obtained in moderate to good yields.
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OBJECTIVES: This paper is aimed to explore the value of double source CT angiography (DS-CTA) for diagnosing in-stent restenosis in lower limb artery. METHODS: From January 2016 to October 2018, all patients with stent in lower limb artery in our hospital were investigated by both DS-CTA and digital subtraction angiography. We measured the minimum lumen diameter and the diameter of the proximal normal vessels under each stent placement. The in-stent restenosis is defined as restenosis when the lumen area decreased by more than 50%. Digital subtraction angiography was performed within 1 week after DS-CT scan. Relationship between DS-CTA and digital subtraction angiography for diagnosing in-stent restenosis in lower limb artery was analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of DS-CTA for diagnosis of in-stent restenosis were analyzed with digital subtraction angiography as the reference standard. A total of 68 stents were placed in 51 patients. Among these patients, 27 cases were diagnosed as in-stent restenosis, presenting as endovascular contrast agent bias or crescent filling defect with the lumen area reducing over 50%, 6 cases of which had no significant in-stent restenosis by digital subtraction angiography analysis. Furthermore, 12 cases were occlusion, in which there was no high density contrast agent in stents; the remaining 41 stents were unobstructed and the contrast agent was filled well, 8 cases of which had significant in-stent restenosis by digital subtraction angiography analysis. In addition, four stents were deformed or distorted. Statistical analysis demonstrated the concentrations of DS-CTA and digital subtraction angiography in diagnosing in-stent restenosis for lower limb artery were closely related, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of DS-CTA were 72.4%, 84.6%, 77.8%, 80.5%, and 79.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: DS-CTA has a potential reliability for diagnosis of in-stent restenosis in lower limb artery, which may be further improved to be used for clinical interventional treatment of vascular diseases.
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Angiografia Digital , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Stents , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We report here a general four-component synthetic procedure for the preparation of ß-boryl ketones and ß-boryl vinyl esters. Joint catalyzed by palladium and copper catalysts, borocarbonylative reaction between vinylarenes, aryl halides/triflates, B2 Pin2 , and carbon monoxide proceed successfully. A variety of synthetically useful ß-boryl ketones were synthesized in good to high yields by using aryl iodides as the substrates. It is noteworthy that when aryl triflates were applied as the starting materials, ß-boryl vinyl esters were synthesized in a similar manner and with broad functional group tolerance. A rational mechanism for this reaction was also proposed.
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Herein, we developed a new and practical catalytic system for the carbonylative synthesis of ß-hydroxyesters. By using simple, cheap, and air-stable cobalt(II) bromide as the catalyst, combined with pyrazole and catalytic amount of manganese, active cobalt complex can be generated in situ and can catalyze various epoxides to give the corresponding ß-hydroxyesters in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanism studies indicate that pyrazole plays a crucial role in this reaction. Moreover, with the addition of the catalytic amount of manganese, the active cobalt catalyst can be regenerated, which provides a possibility for reusing the cobalt catalyst.
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An optimal design of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting that benefits both the photosynthesis performance for plants and the visional health for human eyes has drawn considerable attention. In the present study, we have developed a multi-color driving algorithm that serves as a liaison between desired spectral power distributions and pulse-width-modulation duty cycles. With the aid of this algorithm, our multi-color plant-growth light sources can optimize correlated-color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) such that photosynthetic luminous efficacy of radiation (PLER) is maximized regardless of the number of LEDs and the type of photosynthetic action spectrum (PAS). In order to illustrate the accuracies of the proposed algorithm and the practicalities of our plant-growth light sources, we choose six color LEDs and German PAS for experiments. Finally, our study can help provide a useful guide to improve light qualities in plant factories, in which long-term co-inhabitance of plants and human beings is required.
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Cor , Iluminação/instrumentação , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Vegetal/fisiologia , Semicondutores , Algoritmos , Modelos Teóricos , Plantas/efeitos da radiação , TemperaturaRESUMO
In this communication, an interesting phosphite-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of aryl diazonium salts has been reported. At room temperature and under CO pressure, moderate to good yields of the desired esters can be produced in the absence of bases or any other additives.
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A series of N-(1,3-diphenylallyl)benzenamine derivatives (M) were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the positive-ion mode. Both the anomalous [M-H]+ and the regular [M+H]+ were observed in the ESI mass spectra. The occurrence of [M-H]+ has been supported by accurate mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Calculation results indicated that formation of [M-H]+ is attributed to the ion-molecule reaction of M with the protonated ESI solvent molecule (e.g. CH3OH2+) via hydride abstraction from a tertiary Csp3-H. The competing ionization processes leading to [M-H]+ or [M+H]+ were significantly affected by the concentration of formic acid in the electrospray ionization solvent and the proton affinity of the N atom.
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The realization of fiber-output single photon sources is necessary for quantum photonics. Here we present in situ probing and integration of single self-assembled quantum dots (QDs)-in-nanowires. Single self-assembled AlGaAs QDs were synthesized in GaAs/AlGaAs core-shell nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by optical excitation in both micro-PL and fiber-integrating set-up. Cascaded biexciton-exciton emission with a saturation signal of 1000 counts per second at nitrogen temperature is achieved through the fiber-integrating setup, which makes single mode fibers an ideal candidate for single photons sources and paves the way for the realization of 'all fiber' devices. Numerical calculations were carried out to illustrate the collection efficiency and polarized photoluminescence characteristics. Extraction efficiencies as high as 70% over a broadband emission are reported and increase by a factor of about seven in comparison with air extraction, due to the larger refractive index of the fiber core.
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The discovery of the electron leak pathways of mitochondrial respiratory chain reveals that the respiratory chain not only included in ATP synthesis through the electron transfer pathway but also included in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the electron leak pathways. The negative effect of ROS is the reason for causing pathological event, but more important is the signaling role of ROS, which had important physiological effect. In this article we take the human body as an aggregate of a huge amount of life-engine and perceive the respiratory chain as "yin-yang" element to describe the modern life science connotation born in the "yin-yang" theory of Chinese medicine.
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Metabolismo Energético , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Humanos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Yin-YangRESUMO
Liver cancer, a global menace, ranked as the sixth most prevalent and third deadliest cancer in 2020. The challenge of early diagnosis and treatment, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), persists due to late-stage detections. Understanding HCC's complex pathogenesis is vital for advancing diagnostics and therapies. This study combines bioinformatics and machine learning, examining HCC comprehensively. Three datasets underwent meticulous scrutiny, employing various analytical tools such as Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein interaction assessment, and survival analysis. These rigorous investigations uncovered twelve pivotal genes intricately linked with HCC's pathophysiological intricacies. Among them, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, EPHX2, and ESR1 were significantly positively correlated with overall patient survival, while AKR1B10 and NQO1 displayed a negative correlation. Moreover, the Adaboost prediction model yielded an 86.8 % accuracy, showcasing machine learning's potential in deciphering complex dataset patterns for clinically relevant predictions. These findings promise to contribute valuable insights into the elusive mechanisms driving liver cancer (HCC). They hold the potential to guide the development of more precise diagnostic methods and treatment strategies in the future. In the fight against this global health challenge, unraveling HCC's intricacies is of paramount importance.
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Sepsis, a life-threatening dysregulated status of the host response to infection, can cause multiorgan dysfunction and mortality. Sepsis places a heavy burden on the cardiovascular system due to the pathological imbalance of hyperinflammation and immune suppression. Myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction caused by the aberrant host responses to pathogens can lead to cardiomyopathy, one of the most critical complications of sepsis. However, many questions about the specific mechanisms and characteristics of this complication remain to be answered. The causes of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction include abnormal cardiac perfusion, myocardial inhibitory substances, autonomic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium homeostasis dysregulation. The fight between the host and pathogens acts as the trigger for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the progress of sepsis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as pattern recognition receptors and participate in innate immune pathways that recognize damage-associated molecular patterns as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns to mediate pyroptosis. Notably, pyroptosis is tightly associated with cardiac dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock. In line with these observations, induction of TLR-mediated pyroptosis may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the potential roles of TLR-mediated pyroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, to shed light on this promising therapeutic approach, thus helping to prevent and control septic shock caused by cardiovascular disorders and improve the prognosis of sepsis patients.
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We report here a cooperative Cu/Pd-catalyzed multi-component borocarbonylation of ethylene with aryl iodides. A variety of synthetically useful ß-boryl ketones were assembled from the most basic C1 (CO) and C2 (ethylene) building blocks in good yields.
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Carbonylative multi-component reactions (CMCR), having four or more kinds of starting materials, provide an efficient strategy for the preparation of polyfunctional carbonylated compounds. Diverse CMCR utilizing non-noble transition-metal catalysts have been developed. This review summarized and discussed the recent advances in non-noble metal-catalyzed carbonylative multi-component reactions.
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A palladium-catalyzed desulfonative carbonylation of thiosulfonates has been explored. Without any additive, a series of S-aryl/alkyl benzenesulfonothioates were successfully transformed to thioesters in moderate to excellent yields by SO2 extrusion and CO insertion under the pressure of 1 bar of CO. The solvent dimethylacetamide (DMAc) facilitated this desulfonative carbonylation due to its high absorbing ability of SO2.
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Transforming carbon monoxide (C1) and ethylene (C2) into high value-added chemicals is of great significance from an economic perspective, especially to multifunctionalized C3 compounds. Herein, we developed a palladium-catalyzed thiocarbonylative 1,2-difunctionalization of ethylene. Employing NiXantPhos as the ligand and DCE as the solvent, a series of organic disulfides can be successfully transformed into ß-thiopropionate thioesters in good yields.
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A palladium-catalyzed perfluoroalkylative carbonylation of 2-allylaryl trifluoromethanesulfonates has been developed. A range of 2-allyl trifluoromethanesulfonates, perfluoroalkyl halides, and amines were applied in this tandem procedure to provide the corresponding ß-perfluoroalkyl amides with good functional group tolerance and high chemoselectivity. The final products were controlled by the base applied.
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α,ß-Unsaturated amides play a vital role in natural products, pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, and functional materials. Herein, we disclosed a regio- and stereoselective hydroaminocarbonylation of unsymmetrical internal alkynes via palladium catalysis to synthesize α,ß-unsaturated amides. This protocol features excellent regio- and exclusive (E)-stereoselectivity, high atom and step-economy, broad substrate scope, and functional group tolerance.