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Edible seaweed consumption is an essential route of human exposure to complex organoarsenicals, including arsenosugars and arsenosugar phospholipids. However, the effects of gut microbiota on the metabolism and bioavailability of arsenosugars in vivo are unknown. Herein, two nori and two kelp samples with phosphate arsenosugar and sulfonate arsenosugar, respectively, as the predominant arsenic species, were administered to normal mice and gut microbiota-disrupted mice treated with the broad-spectrum antibiotic cefoperazone for 4 weeks. Following exposure, the community structures of the gut microbiota, total arsenic concentrations, and arsenic species in excreta and tissues were analyzed. Total arsenic excreted in feces and urine did not differ significantly between normal and antibiotic-treated mice fed with kelp samples. However, the total urinary arsenic of normal mice fed with nori samples was significantly higher (p < 0.05) (urinary arsenic excretion factor, 34-38 vs 5-7%), and the fecal total arsenic was significantly lower than in antibiotic-treated mice. Arsenic speciation analysis revealed that most phosphate arsenosugars in nori were converted to arsenobetaine (53.5-74.5%) when passing through the gastrointestinal tract, whereas a large portion of sulfonate arsenosugar in kelp was resistant to speciation changes and was excreted in feces intact (64.1-64.5%). Normal mice exhibited greater oral bioavailability of phosphate arsenosugar from nori than sulfonate arsenosugar from kelp (34-38 vs 6-9%). Our work provides insights into organoarsenical metabolism and their bioavailability in the mammalian gut.
Assuntos
Arsênio , Arsenicais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Alga Marinha , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Disponibilidade Biológica , Arsenicais/urina , Alga Marinha/química , Ingestão de Alimentos , MamíferosRESUMO
Several sialoglycopeptides were isolated from several fish eggs and exerted anti-osteoporosis effects. However, few papers have explored sialoglycopeptide from tuna eggs (T-ES). Here, a novel T-ES was prepared through extraction with KCl solution and subsequent enzymolysis. Pure T-ES was obtained through DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange chromatography and sephacryl S-300 gel filtration chromatography. The T-ES was composed of 14.07% protein, 73.54% hexose, and 8.28% Neu5Ac, with a molecular weight of 9481 Da. The backbone carbohydrate in the T-ES was â4)-ß-D-GlcN-(1â3)-α-D-GalN-(1â3)-ß-D-Glc-(1â2)-α-D-Gal-(1â2)-α-D-Gal-(1â3)-α-D-Man-(1â, with two branches of ß-D-GlcN-(1â and α-D-GalN-(1â linking at o-4 in â2,4)-α-D-Gal-(1â. Neu5Ac in the T-ES was linked to the branch of α-D-GlcN-(1â. A peptide chain, Ala-Asp-Asn-Lys-Ser*-Met-Ile that was connected to the carbohydrate chain through O-glycosylation at the -OH of serine. Furthermore, in vitro data revealed that T-ES could remarkably enhance bone density, bone biomechanical properties, and bone microstructure in SAMP mice. The T-ES elevated serum osteogenesis-related markers and reduced bone resorption-related markers in serum and urine. The present study's results demonstrated that T-ES, a novel sialoglycopeptide, showed significant anti-osteoporosis effects, which will accelerate the utilization of T-ES as an alternative marine drug or functional food for anti-osteoporosis.
Assuntos
Sialoglicoproteínas , Atum , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Sequência de Carboidratos , Carboidratos , HexosesRESUMO
Biochar was derived from Eucheuma (EBC) at a temperature of 500 °C and the resulting biochar was modified using NaOH, KOH, NaOH + KOH and HNO3 + HCl. This study investigated the impact of these modifications on the characteristics of the biochar and its effectiveness in adsorbing phenanthrene (Phe) from an aqueous solution. The results indicated that the surface roughness increased, leading to an increase in the specific surface area, and the development of complex pore structure, leading to a decrease in the polarity and increase in hydrophobicity of biochar modified by a mixture of KOH and HNO3 + HCl (EBC-K and EBC-H). The EBC-K and EBC-H samples exhibited superior surface areas (272.76 and 289.60 m2 g-1) and adsorption capabilities for Phe (removal rates of 99.8% and 99.4%). The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion Kinetic model demonstrated that the adsorption process is determined by both physicochemical and intra-particle diffusion. The adsorption process was well described by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of EBC-K and EBC-H was increased by approximately 2.4 times compared with the original biochar. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that the removal rate increases with the increase of dosage. Additionally, EBC-H regenerated from n-hexane removed 85.52% of the Phe solution.
Assuntos
Fenantrenos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Hidróxido de Sódio , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Carvão Vegetal/química , Cinética , ÁguaRESUMO
Portunus trituberculatus eggs contain phospholipids, whose components and bioactivity are unclear. Here, we investigated the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylserine from P. trituberculatus eggs (Pt-PS). Moreover, its effects on insulin resistance and gut microbiota were also evaluated in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Our results showed that Pt-PS accounted for 26.51% of phospholipids and contained abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (more than 50% of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)). Animal experiments indicated that Pt-PS significantly decreased body weight and adipose weight gain, improved hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, mitigated insulin resistance, and regulated circulatory cytokines. Pt-PS activated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and increased the levels of IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) protein, and plasma membrane glucose transporter 4 protein. Furthermore, Pt-PS modified the gut microbiota, inducing, especially, a dramatic decrease in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, as well as a remarkable improvement in their subordinate categories. Pt-PS also reduced fecal lipopolysaccharide concentration and enhanced fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations. Additionally, the effects of Pt-PS on alleviation of insulin resistance and regulation of intestinal bacteria were better than those of phosphatidylserine from soybean. These results suggest that Pt-PS mitigates insulin resistance by altering the gut microbiota. Therefore, Pt-PS may be developed as an effective food supplement for the inhibition of insulin resistance and the regulation of human gut health.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência à Insulina , Fosfatidilserinas/farmacologia , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Óvulo/química , Fosfatidilserinas/química , Fosfatidilserinas/isolamento & purificação , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study evaluated the effects of long-chain bases from sea cucumber (SC-LCBs) on modulation of the gut microbiota and inhibition of obesity in high fat diet-fed mice. Results showed that SC-LCBs exerted significant antiobese effects, which were associated with the inhibition of hyperglycemia and lipid accumulation. SC-LCBs also regulated serum adipocytokines toward to normal levels. SC-LCBs caused significant decreases in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria phylum, and obesity-related bacteria (Desulfovibro, Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia etc. genus). SC-LCBs also elevated Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia phylum, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group etc. genus). Moreover, serum and fecal lipoplysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and its dependent toll-line receptor 4 pathway were inhibited by SC-LCBs treatment. SC-LCBs caused increases in fecal SCFAs and their mediated G-protein-coupled receptors proteins. These suggest that SC-LCBs alleviate obesity by altering gut microbiota. Thus, it sought to indicate that SC-LCBs can be developed as food supplement for the obesity control and the human gut health.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicoesfingolipídeos/administração & dosagem , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Pepinos-do-Mar/química , Animais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fezes/microbiologia , Glicoesfingolipídeos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/microbiologiaRESUMO
Three freezing-point regulators (glycine, sodium chloride and D-sorbitol) were employed to optimize thermophysical properties of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables were glycine content (0.250-1.250 %), sodium chloride content (0.500-2.500 %) and D-sorbitol content (0.125-0.625 %) and analysis of variance showed that the effects of glycine, sodium chloride and D-sorbitol on the thermophysical properties were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The coefficient of determination, R (2) values for initial freezing point (T i ), unfreezable water mass fraction (W u ), apparent specific heat (C app ) and Enthalpy (H) were 0.896 ~ 0.999. The combined effects of these independent variables on T i , W u , C app and H were investigated. The results indicated that T i , C app and H varied curvilinearly with increasing of glycine, sodium chloride and D-sorbitol content whereas W u increased nearly linearly. Based on response plots and desirability functions, the optimum combination of process variables for Pacific white shrimp previously treated with freezing-point regulators were 0.876 % for glycine content, 2.298 % for sodium chloride content and 0.589 % for D-sorbitol content, correspondently the optimized thermophysical properties were T i , - 5.086 °C; W u , 17.222 %; C app , 41.038 J/g °C and H, 155.942 J/g, respectively. Briefly, the application of freezing-point regulators depressed T i and obtained the optimum W u , C app and H, which would be obviously beneficial for the exploitation of various thermal processing and food storage.
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Monitoring vital signs is a key part of standard medical care for cancer patients. However, the traditional methods have instability especially when big fluctuations of signals happen, while the deep-learning-based methods lack pertinence to the sensors. A dual-path micro-bend optical fiber sensor and a targeted model based on the Divided-Frequency-CNN (DFC) are developed in this paper to measure the heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR). For each path, features of frequency division based on the mechanism of signal periodicity cooperate with the operation of stable phase extraction to reduce the interference of body movements for monitoring. Then, the DFC model is designed to learn the inner information from the features robustly. Lastly, a weighted strategy is used to estimate the HR and RR via dual paths to increase the anti-interference for errors from one source. The experiments were carried out on the actual clinical data of cancer patients by a hospital. The results show that the proposed method has good performance in error (3.51 (4.51 %) and 2.53 (3.28 %) beats per minute (bpm) for cancer patients with pain and without pain respectively), relevance, and consistency with the values from hospital equipment. Besides, the proposed method significantly improved the ability in the report time interval (30 to 9 min), and mean / confidential interval (3.60/[-22.61,29.81] to -0.64 / [-9.21,7.92] for patients with pain and 1.87 / [-5.49,9.23] to -0.16 / [-6.21,5.89] for patients without pain) compared with our previous work.
Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca , Neoplasias , Taxa Respiratória , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Sinais Vitais , Humanos , Neoplasias/fisiopatologia , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Sinais Vitais/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Taxa Respiratória/fisiologia , Redes Neurais de Computação , Masculino , Aprendizado Profundo , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , AdultoRESUMO
Borohydrides offer promise as potential carriers for hydrogen storage due to their high hydrogen concentration. However, the strong chemical bonding within borohydrides poses challenges for efficient hydrogen release during usage and restricts the re-hydrogenation process when attempting to regenerate the material. These high thermodynamic and kinetic barriers present obstacles in achieving reversible de-hydrogenation and re-hydrogenation of borohydrides, impeding their practical application in hydrogen storage systems. Employing density functional theory calculations, we conduct a comprehensive investigation into the influence of transition metals on both the BH4 cluster, a fundamental building block of borohydrides, and pure boron, which is formed as the end product following hydrogen release. Our research reveals correlations among the d-band center, work function, and surface energy of 3d and 4d transition metals. These correlations are directly linked to the weakening of bonding within the BH4 cluster when adsorbed on catalyst surfaces. On the other hand, we also explore how various intrinsic properties of transition metals influence the formation of boron vacancies and the hydrogen bonding process. By establishing a comprehensive correlation between the weakening of sp3 hybridization in the BH4 cluster and the sp2 hybridization in boron, we facilitate the identification and screening of optimal candidates capable of achieving reversible de-hydrogenation and re-hydrogenation in borohydrides.
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Heat shock protein 70s (Hsp70s) play important roles in resisting environmental stresses and stimulating innate immune system. To understand the immune defense mechanisms of Scylla serrata, a full-length cytosolic Hsp70 cDNA of S. serrata (designated as SSHsp70) was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) coupled with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length of SSHsp70 cDNA was 2235 bp, with a 5' untranslated region of 105 bp, a 3' untranslated region of 174 bp, and an open reading frame of 1956 bp encoding a polypeptide of 651 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 71.3 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 5.55. The cloned SSHsp70 belonged to a cytosolic Hsp70 family. Three typical Hsp70 signature motifs were detected in SSHsp70 by InterPro analysis. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect tissue distribution and mRNA expression levels of SSHsp70 under different stress conditions. The obviously high levels of SSHsp70 transcript were in hemocyte, heart, hepatopancreas and gill, whereas low levels were detected in muscle, eyestalk, stomach, and gut. In different temperature treatments, the expression levels of SSHsp70 in low or high temperatures were higher than those in temperate temperature. In pathogen challenge treatments, the mRNA expression level of SSHsp70 reached a maximum level after 18 h and then dropped progressively. In different salt concentration treatments, the mRNA expression level of SSHsp70 had a minimum level at 25 salt concentration and high expression levels at high or low salt concentration. In different nitrite concentration treatments, the mRNA expression level of SSHsp70 increased progressively with the increase of nitrite concentration. The results confirmed Hsp70 could be used as a tool for evolution and phylogenetic analysis, a kind of potential biomarker, and a disease resistance factor used in application.
Assuntos
Braquiúros/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Braquiúros/química , Braquiúros/imunologia , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/química , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/imunologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nitritos/administração & dosagem , Especificidade de Órgãos , Filogenia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Salinidade , Homologia de Sequência , Fatores de Tempo , Vibrio alginolyticus/fisiologiaRESUMO
Pyrethroids are common contaminants in water bodies. In this study, an efficient mussel shell-based adsorbent was prepared, the effects of factors (calcination temperature, calcination time, and sieved particle size) on the pyrethroid adsorption capacity from calcined shell powder were investigated via Box-Behnken design, and the prediction results of the model were verified. By characterizing (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements) the adsorbent before and after the optimized preparation process, the results showed that calcined shell powder had a loose and porous structure, and the main component of the shell powder under optimized condition was calcium oxide. The adsorption mechanism was also investigated, and the analysis of adsorption data showed that the Langmuir, pseudo second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models were more suitable for describing the adsorption process. The adsorbent had good adsorption potential for pyrethroids, the adsorption capacity of the two pesticides was 1.05 and 1.79 mg/g, and the removal efficiency was over 40 and 70% at the maximum initial concentration, respectively.
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Spectrophotometric- and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based lipidomics analyses were performed to explore the changes of lipid profiles in pike eel (Muraenesox cinereus) under stable chlorine dioxides (ClO2) and vacuum-packed treatment during chilled storage. The peroxide value (PV) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in ClO2 treated and vacuum-packaged (VP) samples were significantly reduced compared to simple-packaged (SP) samples during whole chilled storage. The LC/MS-based lipidomics analyses identified 2182 lipid species in the pike eel muscle classified into 39 subclasses, including 712 triglycerides (TGs), 310 phosphatidylcholines (PCs), 153 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and 147 diglycerides (DGs), among others. Further, in comparison with fresh pike eel (FE) muscle, 354 and 164 higher and 420 and 193 lower abundant levels of differentially abundant lipids (DALs) were identified in SP samples and VP samples, respectively. Compared with the VP batch, 396 higher and 404 lower abundant levels of DALs were identified in the SP batch. Among these, PCs, PEs, TGs, and DGs were more easily oxidized/hydrolyzed, which could be used as biomarkers to distinguish FE, SP, and VP samples. This research provides a reference for controlling lipid oxidation in fatty fish.
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Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of structured phospholipids (sPLs) is a hot topic, but the structural variation of the fatty acyl chains in intact phospholipids at the molecular level remains unclear to date. The present study explored the detailed characteristics of synthesized phospholipids through high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in precursor ion scan mode. The optimal conditions were in-depth inspected and determined for the reaction system, including phospholipase A1 as catalyst, 15% lipase loading, and 1% water content. The sPLs enriched with EPA/DHA were structurally and quantitatively characterized by focusing on the fragments of m/z 301.6 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and m/z 327.6 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), and the results were statistically analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis and clustered heatmap hierarchical clustering analysis. PC 38:6 (18:1/20:5), PC 38:7 (18:2/20:5), PC o-40:6 (o-18:0/22:6), and PE 40:8 (18:2/22:6) etc. were revealed as the main variables that were active in the reaction.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Fosfolipídeos , Catálise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/química , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/química , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/química , Lipase/genética , Fosfolipídeos/química , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
The protective effects of phosphorylated trehalose on the quality and characteristics of peeled shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were determined. Quality changes in treated samples were evaluated by assessing the physicochemical properties of myofibrillar proteins (MP) and compared to fresh water-, sodium tripolyphosphate-, and trehalose-treated samples during 12 weeks of frozen storage. The sensitivity of MP to oxidation and denaturation was increased during frozen storage. Phosphorylated trehalose significantly improved the quality of shrimp by increasing water-holding capacity. Further analysis showed that the addition of phosphorylated trehalose reduced the decrease in soluble MP content, Ca2+-ATPase activity, and total sulfhydryl contents and also effectively inhibited the increase in the surface hydrophobicity of MP. In addition, atomic force microscopy and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that phosphorylated trehalose preserved the integrity of the myofibril microstructure. Thermal stability results further confirmed that the denaturation temperature and denaturation enthalpy of MP were improved by phosphorylated trehalose. Overall, phosphorylated trehalose suppresses the denaturation of MP in peeled shrimp during long-term frozen storage.
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As a high-value processed aquatic product, wet-aged tuna has gradually become a popular food, but its lipidomics characteristics during the aging process have not been investigated. Herein, the lipidomics phenotypic data of tuna at different wet-aging stages were acquired using iKnife rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry, in which the dominant lipid components, including fatty acid (FA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI), were structurally identified. Principal component analysis, permutation test, heatmap, and circos plot analysis were performed to characterize lipids in wet-aged tuna, among which FAC18:1, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and PIC18:0/22:6 were the most contributing components for determining the wet-aging stage of tuna. The results indicated that iKnife-REIMS is accurate (86.5%), reliable, and could be used in the real-time detection of tuna meat during different wet-aging stages.
Assuntos
Lipidômica , Atum , Animais , Ácidos Graxos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Carne/análiseRESUMO
The elucidation of precise structure of fucoidan is essential for understanding their structure-function relationship and promoting the development of marine drugs. In this work, we firstly reported the oligosaccharide mapping of fucoidan from Holothuria floridana using a combination of hydrothermal depolymerization, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS) and high energy collision-induced dissociation (HCD-MS/MS) and 2D NMR analysis. With careful selection of fully deprotonated molecular ions of fucoidan oligosaccharides and their NaBD4 reduced alditols, HILIC-ESI-HCD-MS/MS provided structurally relevant glycosidic product ions with no sulfate loss for definitive assignment of sequence and sulfation pattern of all the oligosaccharides and their isomers from dp2 to dp7 from hydrothermal depolymerization. The oligosaccharide mapping clarified the structure of fucoidan with various oligosaccharide domains with 2,4-di-O-sulfated and 2-O sulfated fucose residues.
Assuntos
Oligossacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Pepinos-do-Mar/química , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Holothuria/química , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Isomerismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Estrutura Molecular , Polimerização , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Sulfatos/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodosRESUMO
A novel dual-path microbend fiber optic sensor is designed for noninvasive measurement of respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) for cancer patients. The performance of the microbend fiber sensor is assessed in two groups of cancer patients, cancer patients with pain and without pain, ranging from eighteen to ninety-six years old in a daily observational measurement with the sensor mattress under the mattress of the clinical bed. All the patients received standard clinical monitoring for evaluating the accuracy of our measurement results. The results of our study showed good consistency in the experimental results of RR and HR between the dual-path fiber sensor we proposed and the hospital equipment with average errors of 3.60 beats per minute (bpm) and 1.02 respiration per minute (rpm) in HR and RR measurement in cancer patients with pain and 1.87bpm and 1.27rpm in HR and RR measurement in cancer patients without pain, respectively. In HR monitoring, the single path microbend fiber optic sensor has 8035 minutes of data with a false report rate of 19.09%, while the dual-path microbend fiber optic sensor has 6188 minutes of data with a false report rate of 12.87%. The dual-path sensor has a smaller false report rate compared with the single path sensor due to pre-judgments of data with path 1 and path 2. To our best knowledge, it is the first time to propose and demonstrate a dual-path sensor to reduce the false report rate for HR and RR measurements. The results of the Blend-Altman method showed great agreement between our sensor and hospital standard monitor in HR and RR measurements. The independent sample t-test indicates that the HR of cancer patients may be an effective way to judge whether or not they have cancer pain. Our noninvasive dual-path microbend fiber sensor also showed the advantages of an easy fabrication process, simple structure, and low false report rate.
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In this study, a steam explosion pretreatment method was established to prepare tuna bone powder. The conditions were optimized such that steam pressure of 0.6 MPa, reaction time of 5 min, and sample weight of 100 g. The result showed that steam explosion pretreatment would not change the chemical structure of bone powder, however, the median particle size (D50) of the steam explosion pretreated tuna bone powder (SE-TBP) (13.186 µm) was significantly smaller than that of normal biological calcium tuna bone powder (N-TBP) (169.762 µm). The calcium absorption rate (79.75 ± 2.33%) and utilization rate (78.75% ± 2.85%) of the mice fed with SE-TBP were both higher than those of fed with CaCO3 or N-TBP with the same calcium equivalent in the feed. The steam explosion pretreatment method could obtain ideal tuna bone powder in a shorter time, provide a method for deep processing and utilization of tuna bone by-product.
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Osso e Ossos/química , Cálcio da Dieta/farmacocinética , Produtos Pesqueiros/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Vapor , Atum , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Tamanho da PartículaRESUMO
Egg oil from Portunus trituberculatus (Pt-egg oil) can overcome insulin resistance resulting from abundant bioactive lipids. However, its effects on obesity and gut microbiota were unclear. Here, we evaluated whether Pt-egg oil could improve obesity and gut microbiota or not in high-fat diet feeding mice. Results exhibited that Pt-egg oil markedly reduced body weight and adipose weight gain, improved lipid accumulation and circulatory cytokines, inhibited epididymal adipose cell size. Moreover, Pt-egg oil modified gut microbiota, involving decreases in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and increase in Verrucomicrobia phylum. Pt-egg oil reduced serum and fecal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and down-regulated Toll-like receptor 4 pathway in both epididymal adipose and liver tissues. Meanwhile, Pt-egg oil increased short chain fatty acids and up-regulated of G-protein-coupled receptors in both epididymal adipose and liver tissues. These suggest that Pt-egg oil could be alternative food supplement for the prophylactic effects on anti-obesity and improvement in human gut health.
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Braquiúros/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Óleos/farmacologia , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/patologiaRESUMO
To minimize undesired pharmacological activities and improve the bioavailability, the fucoidan and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) from Holothuria floridana were depolymerized under hydrothermal conditions and the mechanism underlying hydrothermal depolymerization was proposed. Our results demonstrated that fucoidan and FCS from Holothuria floridana were able to be gradually depolymerized without desulfation at 100-121⯰C by control of pH at 5-6 to obtain controlled molecular weight. It was the first time to find that pH also plays a key role on the hydrothermal depolymerization of fucoidan and FCS. The monosaccharide composition, FT-IR and NMR analysis showed that the structure of the optimized hydrothermal depolymerized fucoidan and FCS remained almost unchanged. By comparison, FCS was more difficult to be depolymerized than fucoidan under the same hydrothermal condition. The oligosaccharide profile in depolymerized fucoidan and FCS by HILIC-MS analysis further revealed that FCS was depolymerized with preferential cleavage of ß-1â¯ââ¯4 glycosidic linkage and decarboxylation on glucuronic acid during hydrothermal treatment, which was quite different with the random fracture type of fucoidan due to their different structure. These results indicated that hydrothermal depolymerization and action mechanism of fucoidan and FCS from sea cucumber were quite different for their different structure.
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Sulfatos de Condroitina/química , Holothuria/química , Oligossacarídeos/química , Polimerização , Polissacarídeos/química , Temperatura , Animais , Peso Molecular , Monossacarídeos/análiseRESUMO
Marine bioactive lipids have been utilized to overcome insulin resistance. However, oil from swimming crab has never been studied. Here, we analyzed the constituents of egg oil from Portunus trituberculatus (Pt-egg oil) and investigated its protective effects against insulin resistance in mice on a high-fat diet. The results showed that Pt-egg oil contained 52.05% phospholipids, 8.61% free fatty acids (especially eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), 32.38% triglyceride, 4.79% total cholesterol, and ditissimus astaxanthin. Animal experiments showed that Pt-egg oil significantly mitigated insulin resistance and was associated with reductions in blood glucose, insulin, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, serum lipids, and hepatic glycogen. Pt-egg oil activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glucose transporter 4 pathway in skeletal muscle both at the transcriptional level and at the translational level. Pt-egg oil also promoted hepatic glycogen synthesis through activation of the PI3K/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta pathway. These indicate that Pt-egg oil can be used as an alternative to marine bioactive lipids to improve insulin resistance.