[Analysis of Three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Solution Based on Two-Dimensional Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy].

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are listed as the priority pollutants. It is difficult to resolve effectively the peaks of PAHs by conventional one-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy due to its low content and the overlapping fluorescence three mixed ystems and a total of 27 samples, are to be prepared with different concentrations of three PAHs. Concentrations of three PAHS are monotonically increasing or decreasing in each mixed system. Then the 2D fluorescence correlation spectrum of each mixed systems will be calculated under the perturbation of the concentration of anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene in solution. There are seven strong autopeaks at 425, 402, 381, 373, 365, 393 and 347 nm in synchronous 2D correlation spectrum. The fluorescence peak of phenanthrene at 347 nm is uncovered in three mixed systems, so the band at 347 nm is to be used as clues for further assignment. According to positive or negative cross peaks at 347 nm in synchronous 2D correlation spectrum, we can know that the peaks at 402, 381, 425 and 452 nm are assigned to anthracene, the peaks at 373 and 393 nm are assigned to pyrene, and the peaks at 365, 356 and 347 nm are assigned to phenanthrene. The fluorescence peak of phenanthrene at 385 nm is shown in asynchronous 2D correlation spectrum; it means the spectral resolution of asynchronous spectrum is better than the synchronous spectrum. The results are that it is feasible to analyze serious overlapping multi-component PAHs using two-dimensional fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, which can be extended to the detection of other pollutants in the air.

FAM83D activates the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and promotes cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Publicly available microarray data suggests that the expression of FAM83D (Family with sequence similarity 83, member D) is elevated in a wide variety of tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its role in the pathogenesis of HCC has not been elucidated. Here, we showed that FAM83D was frequently up-regulated in HCC samples. Forced FAM83D expression in HCC cell lines significantly promoted their proliferation and colony formation while FAM83D knockdown resulted in the opposite effects. Mechanistic analyses indicated that FAM83D was able to activate the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and promote the entry into S phase of cell cycle progression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that FAM83D is a novel oncogene in HCC development and may constitute a potential therapeutic target in HCC.

[Two-Dimensional Hetero-Spectral Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy for Discrimination Adulterated Milk].

New approach for discriminant analysis of adulterated milk is proposed based on combining hetero-spectral two-dimensional (2D) near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (IR) correlation spectroscopy along with multi-way partial least squares discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA). Firstly, 36 pure milk samples were collected and 36 adulterated milk with starch samples (0.01 to 1 g · L(-1)) were prepared by adding appropriate mass of starch into pure milk. Then, one-dimensional NIR transmittance spectra and IR attenuated total reflection spectra of pure milk and adulterated milk with starch were measured at room temperature. And the synchronous 2D NIR-IR (4200~4800 vs. 900~1700 cm(-1)) correlation spectra of all samples were calculated. Due to the trace of adulterants, the synchronous 2D IR-NIR correlation spectral differences between adulterated milk with starch and pure milk are very subtle. Consequently, it was impossible to directly distinguish whether the sample was pure milk or adulterated milk. Finally, 2D IR-NIR correlation spectra were to build a discriminant model to classify adulterated milk and pure milk. The classification accuracy rates of samples in calibration set and in prediction set were 95.8% and 100% respectively. Also, the NPLS-DA models were built based on 2D NIR and 2D IR correlation spectra, respectively. The classification accuracy rates of samples in prediction set were 95.8%. Comparison results showed that the NPLS-DA model could provide better results using 2D NIR-IR correlation spectra than using 2D NIR, and 2D IR correlation spectra. The proposed method can not only effectively extract the feature information of adulterants in milk, but also explores a new perspective method for detection of adulterated food.

[Progress in Application of Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy for Detection of Food Quality].

In recent years, the food safety and quality has always been a serious issue. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a rapid and widely available method to determine the quality of food. Due to high spectral resolution, good spectral selectivity and good ability of spectrogram analysis, the technology of two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy is an effective method for solving three major problems encountered by the conventional one-dimensional (1D) spectrum: low selectivity of the spectra, difficulty in extracting the information of the spectral feature and difficulty in spectrogram analysis. Therefore, 2D correlation spectroscopy, which is suited to distinguish similar samples hardly distinguished by the conventional 1D spectroscopy, has been successfully applied in many complex biological systems. The developmental process, the experimental way to obtain spectrum, the fundamental mathematical principle and the properties of 2D correlation spectroscopy were introduced in this paper. At the same time, it is pointed out that the origin of weak characteristic bands of substance can be verified in terms of the positive or negative corss peaks in synchronous 2D correlation spectrum combined with the existence or inexistence of corss peaks in asynchronous 2D correlation spectrum. The application of 2D near-infrared, mid-infrared, fluorescence, and raman correlation spectroscopy in the detection of food quality and adulteration, concentrated specifically on diary product, wine, oil, meat, honey, and rice were reviewed. Finally, the limitations and future development prospects were pointed out.

[Discrimination of adulterated milk based on Euclidian distances between two-dimensional infrared correlation spectra].

Based on Euclidian distances between synchronous two-dimensional infrared correlation spectra, in terms of the average Euclidian distances between unknown samples and "extreme samples", and average intra- and inter-Euclidian distances of samples in the calibration set, a new method for the discrimination of adulterated milk was proposed. Sixteen pure milk samples were collected and 16 adulterated milk samples with urea (0.01-0.3 g x L(-1)), and 16 adulterated milk samples with melamine (0.01-0.3 g x L(-1)) samples were prepared, respectively. The IR absorption spectra of all samples were measured at room temperature. The synchronous two-dimensional correlation spectra were generated from concentration-dependent spectral variation of adulterant in milk. The Euclidian distances were calculated between synchronous two-dimensional infrared correlation spectra of all samples. Then, the classification models were built respectively for adulterated milk with urea, and adiulterated milk with melamine. The "extreme samples", average intra- and inter-Euclidian distances were determined. Finally, the unknown samples in prediction set were predicted using constructed models in terms of classification rules of adulterated milk. The classification accuracy rates for pure milk and adulterated milk were 100%. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified. The results obtained in this study revealed that synchronous two-dimensional infrared correlation spectra in combination with Euclidian distance has a feasible potential to discriminate adulterated milk and pure milk.

[Extrahepatic collateral arteries are involved in the blood supply to hepatocellular carcinoma: angiographic demonstration and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of extrahepatic collateral arteries involved in the blood supply to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess the technical success rates and complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) through the collaterals. METHODS: 1356 TACE procedures were performed in 874 consecutive patients through extrahepatic collateral pathways to HCC between August 2006 and August 2010 in our department. The extrahepatic collateral pathways to HCC revealed on angiography were retrospectively evaluated. TACE through extrahepatic collaterals using iodized oil and gelatin sponge particles was performed when a catheter was advanced into the feeding branch to avoid nontarget embolization. RESULTS: Incidences of collateral source to HCC were 76.3% from the right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA), 2.4% from the left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA), 6.9% from the right and 0.4% from the left internal mammary arteries (RIMA, LIMA), 2.9% from the right intercostal artery (RICA), 2.0% from the omental artery, 0.8% from the right or middle colic artery, 2.3% from the cystic artery, 1.3% from the left and 1.1% from the right gastric arteries (LGA, RGA), 3.5% from the right renal capsular artery (RRCA), right middle adrenal artery (RMAA) and right inferior adrenal artery (IAA). Technical success rates of TACE were 95.9% in the RIPA, 93.8% in the LIPA, 100.0% in the RIMA and LIMA, 55.0% in the RICA, 77.8% in the omental artery, 63.6% in the colic artery, 67.7% in the cystic artery, 76.5% in the LGA, 73.3% in the RGA and 95.8% in the RRCA, RMAA, and RIAA. Complications included skin erythema and necrosis after TACE through the RIMA, skin erythema after TACE through the RICA, cholecystitis after TACE through the cystic artery (n = 1), and pleural effusion, basal atelectasis and hiccup after TACE through the IPA. CONCLUSION: TACE through extrahepatic collaterals is safe and feasible, and with a high success rate in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Action characteristics of the cell cycle nonspecific agents in cell lines in the state of continuous transartery chemotherapy infusion].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the acting pattern of different high concentrations of cell cycle nonspecific agents (CCNSA), epirubicin, oxaliplatin, cisplatin and fotemustine, acting with HepG-2 and 7702 cell lines respectively for different times; and to explore whether there are concentration and time dependent phenomena for each agent and relations between these two factors. METHODS: MTT assays were used to detect inhibition rates of different combinations of concentrations and times in all the agents. Five concentrations were chosen for each agent within the range of clinical practice in interventional therapy by the ratios of 20:10:5:2.5:1, the highest concentrations of epirubicin, oxaliplatin, cisplatin and fotemustine was 8 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 8 mg/L respectively, and each concentration acted with HepG-2 and 7702 cell lines at 5 different time points which lasted for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h, respectively. RESULTS: Different combinations of concentrations and time points had different inhibition rates for HepG-2 and 7702 cell lines. For epirubicin and oxaliplatin, the inhibition rates of 5 concentrations had little difference, which mainly depended on time and increased with the increase of lasting time; cisplatin showed different characteristics: at low concentrations, the inhibition rate increased slowly with the increase of lasting time, but with the increase of concentration, the inhibition rate increased obviously with the increase of lasting time. The inhibition rate of fotemustine lacked obvious connection with the concentrations, but increased with the time at any cencentration. CONCLUSION: Different CCNSA have their own suitable concentration and time factors, both factors have obvious influence on the inhibition rate, and the time factor seems more important. Since transartery infusion can provide enough or even over-dose concentrations, the minimum effective concentration and enough time should be chosen, which could increase the killing of tumor cells, and at the same time decrease the total dose, thus realizing precise artery chemotherapy.

[Application of kernel orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis in the discrimination of adulterated milk].

Based on the method of kernet Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure Discriminant Analysis, discrimination models for adulterated milk were established in the present paper. Forty adulterated milk samples with melamine (0.01-3 g x L(-1)) and 40 adulterated milk samples with urea (1-20 g x L(-1)) were prepared, respectively. Then the near-infrared absorption spectra of all samples were measured. The spectra in the range of 4 200-4 800 cm(-1) were selected to construct the KOPLS-DA models for milk adulterated with melamine, milk adulterated with urea and milk adulterated with both melamine and urea. The results showed that, compared with PLS-DA and OPLS-DA models, KOPLS-DA model had better discriminant ability for the adulterated milk, and its classification accuracy rate (CAR) for milk adulterated with melamine, milk adulterated with urea and milk adulterated with both melamine and urea were 95%, 100% and 97.5%, respectively.

[Identification of adulterated milk based on two-dimensional correlation near-infrared spectra parameterization and BP neural network].

Discriminant models of adulterated milk and pure milk were established using BP neural network combined with two-dimensional (2D) correlation near-infrared spectra parameterization. Forty pure milk samples, 40 adulterated milk samples with urea (1-20 g x L(-1)) and 40 adulterated milk samples with melamine (0.01-3 g x L(-1)) were prepared respectively. Based on the characteristics of 2D correlation near-infrared spectra of pure milk and adulterated milk, 5 apparent statistic parameters were calculated based on the parameterization theory. Using 5 characteristic parameters, discriminant models of urea adulterated milk, melamine adulterated milk and two types of adulterated milk were built by BP neural network The prediction rate of unknown samples were 95%, 100% and 96.7%, respectively. The results show that this method can extract effectively feature information of adulterant, reduce the input dimensions of BP neural network, and better realize qualitative analysis of adulterant in milk.

Temperature-perturbed two-dimensional generalized correlation characteristic slice spectra combined with multivariate method to identify adulterated milk.

In order to improve the discrimination accuracy of adulterated milk, a detection method was proposed based on temperature-perturbed generalized two-dimensional (2D) correlation characteristic slice spectra. A total of 240 samples were prepared including three brands of 40 pure milk and 40 urea-tainted milk, respectively. The infrared attenuated total reflection spectra of each sample were collected at different temperatures. Synchronous 2D infrared correlation spectrum of each sample was calculated under the external perturbation of temperature. The characteristic slice spectra of each sample were extracted from synchronous 2D correlation spectrum at characteristic peaks of milk and adulterants. N-way partial least squares discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA) models of single brand and the fusion of three brands of adulterated milk were established based on 2D correlation characteristics slice spectra. For comparison, the discrimination models were established using synchronous 2D correlation spectra and one-dimensional (1D) infrared spectra at room temperature, respectively. For the three brand fusion models, the discrimination accuracies of unknown samples were 100%, 98.8% and 82.7% using 2D correlation characteristic slice spectra, 2D correlation spectra, and 1D spectra, respectively. The results showed that the proposed method not only compressed the data, but also effectively extracted the characteristic information, and improved the accuracy of discrimination.

Identification of adulterated milk based on auto-correlation spectra.

A qualitative analysis of melamine-adulterated milk was proposed based on two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) auto-correlation spectra. The concentration of melamine was used as external perturbation, and 40 adulterated samples of each brand with different concentrations of melamine (0.01 g/L to 1 g/L) were configured. Four brands of milk were used to configure experimental samples, including Guangming brand, Mengniu brand, Sanyuan brand and Wandashan brand. Spectroscopic data of pure milk and melamine-adulterated milk were measured by infrared (IR) (80-4000 cm-1) spectrophotometer. 2T2D auto-correlation spectral technology combined with least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method was used for qualitative analysis. The two strongest auto-correlation peaks in the auto-correlation spectra were selected for modeling. For Guangming brand, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2898 cm-1 and 2972 cm-1 were selected as independent variables. For Mengniu brand, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2852 cm-1 and 2920 cm-1 were selected. For Sanyuan brand, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2900 cm-1 and 2974 cm-1 were selected. For Wandashan brand, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2900 cm-1 and 2974 cm-1 were selected. For four brands fused together, the intensities of auto-correlation at two wave numbers 2900 cm-1 and 2974 cm-1 were selected. For each brand, the accuracy of qualitative analysis was 100 %. For four brands fused together, the accuracy of qualitative analysis was 99.05 %. In this way, it greatly reduced the amount of data to be processed. This study showed that 2T2D auto-correlation spectral technology combined with LS-SVM method was perfect for the discrimination of melamine-adulterated milk.

Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Amateur Marathon Runners.

PURPOSE: Numerous studies have implicated the involvement of structure and function of the hippocampus in physical exercise, and the larger hippocampal volume is one of the relevant benefits reported in exercise. It remains to be determined how the different subfields of hippocampus respond to physical exercise. METHODS: A 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 73 amateur marathon runners (AMR) and 52 healthy controls (HC) matched with age, sex, and education. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Fatigue Severity Scale were assessed in all participants. We obtained hippocampal subfield volumes using FreeSurfer 6.0. We compared the volumes of the hippocampal subfield between the two groups and ascertained correlation between the significant subfield metrics and the significant behavioral measure in AMR group. RESULTS: The AMR had significantly better sleep than HC, manifested as with lower score of PSQI. Sleep duration in AMR and HC was not significantly different from each other. In the AMR group, the left and right hippocampus, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA4, granule cell and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, molecular layer, left CA2-3, and left hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area volumes were significantly larger compared with those in the HC group. In AMR group, the correlations between the PSQI and the hippocampal subfield volumes were not significant. No correlations were found between hippocampal subfield volumes and sleep duration in AMR group. CONCLUSIONS: We reported larger volumes of specific hippocampal subfields in AMR, which may provide a hippocampal volumetric reserve that protects against age-related hippocampal deterioration. These findings should be further investigated in longitudinal studies.

Reduced myocardial strain of interventricular septum among male amateur marathon runners: a cardiac magnetic resonance study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the long-term effect of multiple marathons on cardiac structure and function in amateur marathon runners compared with healthy controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using male amateur marathon runners (n = 32) and age-matched cohort of male healthy controls (n = 12). METHODS: A total of 32 male amateur marathon runners (age 44 ±â€¯7 years) and 12 male healthy controls (age 42 ±â€¯8 years) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The relevant parameters of cardiac structure and function were studied employing feature-tracking strain analysis. RESULTS: Amateur marathon runners showed lower heart rates, body mass index and body surface area. The left ventricular (LV) mass index, LV end-diastolic volume index and right ventricular end-systolic volume index were significantly higher in amateur marathon runners compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, walls of interventricular septum (IVS) in amateur marathon runners were thicker than healthy controls. There was no significant difference between two groups in the global myocardial strain (MS) in LV. However, the segmental radial and circumferential strains of the LV were lower in amateur marathon runners compared to healthy controls, specifically in the 8th and 9th segments. Finally, we also found as the total running intensity increased, so did global longitudinal strain. CONCLUSIONS: We reported higher wall thickness and lower regional radial and circumferential strain in the IVS region in amateur marathon runners, suggesting that prolonged and high-intensity exercise may cause cardiac remodeling. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this is an adaptive or maladaptive change in amateur marathon runners.

Hepatocellular carcinoma with blood supply from parasitized omental artery: angiographic appearance and chemoembolization.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze angiographic appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with blood supply from parasitized omental artery (POA), and evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and therapeutic efficacy of chemo-embolization via the POAs. METHODS: A total of 1,221 HCC patients who had undergone chemoembolization procedures were evaluated retrospectively. The evaluated indexes included the incidence rate of POAs, success rate of superselective catheterization, post-reaction after chemoembolization, and the cumulative survival rates. RESULTS: Totally 1,221 HCC patients had undergone 3,639 chemoembolization procedures, and 32 patients with POAs were enrolled, with 97 POAs found in 76 angiography procedures, giving an incidence rate of 2.09%. POA was observed mostly at the right lobe and left medial lobe except the segment II, and 62 POAs underwent superselective catheterization with microcatheter, giving a success rate of 63.9%. The angiographic appearance was: (1) hypertrophic POAs participating in tumor staining (n=28); (2) stiff and distorted POA (n=11), displaced due to tumor's oppression (n=8); and (3) defective tumor staining close to either gastrocolic omentum distribution or liver capsule (n=7). In 19 patients, chemoembolization via POAs was performed successfully (A group), while the remaining 13 patients failed (B group). Except 1 acute edema pancreatitis case, no serious complication was recorded. The cumulative survival rates of 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month were 78.9%, 47.4%, 31.6% and 21.1% respectively for A group; correspondingly, 61.5%, 30.8%, 15.4% and 7.7%% for B group, in which 2 patients died of ruptured HCC. CONCLUSION: Chemoembolization with microcatheter via POAs is a relatively safe, feasible and valuable method.

Impact of serum vascular endothelial growth factor on prognosis in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics, and to assess the impact of serum VEGF as a predictive factor for HCC prognosis during transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatments. METHODS: Serum VEGF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 60 random patients who underwent TACE or transarterial infusion (TAI) for unresectable HCC between May and September 2008 and 12 healthy volunteers were also involved in this study to serve as control. All patients' clinicopathological features were retrospectively analyzed. Serum VEGF levels were correlated with clinicopathological features of the HCC patients. The patients' survival rates were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared by the log-rank test. The prognostic significance of serum VEGF levels and factors related to survival rate were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The median serum VEGF level in the HCC patients was 285 pg/ml (range 14-1,207 pg/ml), significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P=0.021). The serum VEGF levels were significantly correlated with platelet counts (r=0.396, P=0.002) but not other clinicopathological features. Patients with serum VEGF level >285 pg/ml had worse overall survival compared with those with serum VEGF level <285 pg/ml (P=0.002). By multivariate analysis, the serum VEGF level was a significant prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: High serum VEGF levels may predict poor prognosis of HCC after TACE. This study highlights the importance of tumor biomarker as a prognostic predictor in TACE therapy for HCC, which has an intrinsic problem of unavailability of histopathological prognostic features.

Discrimination of adulterated milk using temperature-perturbed two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy and multivariate analysis.

The discrimination method for adulterated milk is proposed based on temperature-perturbed two-dimensional (2D) infrared correlation spectroscopy and N-way partial least squares discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA). Two brands of pure and adulterated milk samples were prepared. The mid-infrared spectra of all samples were obtained from 30 â„ƒ to 55 â„ƒ with an interval of 5 â„ƒ. Under the perturbation of temperature, synchronous 2D correlation spectra were calculated to build discrimination models of pure milk and adulterated milk. In comparison, the NPLS-DA models were built based on three-dimensional (3D) stacked map (sample × temperature × wavenumber variable). For the NPLS-DA models of two brands of milk, the discrimination accuracy of unknown samples in the prediction set is 100% using temperature-perturbed 2D infrared correlation spectra, versus 77.8% using conventional 3D stacked map. The proposed method can be used as an alternative way for classifying pure and adulterated milk.

Hepatic Artery Injection of 131I-Metuximab Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Nonrandomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial.

This prospective nonrandomized, multicenter clinical trial was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of 131I-labeled metuximab in adjuvant treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Patients were assigned to treatment with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with 131I-metuximab or TACE alone. The primary outcome was overall tumor recurrence. The secondary outcomes were safety and overall survival. Results: The median time to tumor recurrence was 6 mo in the TACE + 131I-metuximab group (n = 160) and 3 mo in the TACE group (n = 160) (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43-0.70; P < 0.001). The median overall survival was 28 mo in the TACE + 131I-metuximab group and 19 mo in the TACE group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47-0.82; P = 0.001). Conclusion: TACE + 131I-metuximab showed a greater antirecurrence benefit, significantly improved the 5-y survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and was well tolerated by patients.

[Interventional therapy of hepatic artery-portal vein fistula with gelatin sponge and lipiodol].

OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the revasculation rate after embolization of hepatic artery-portal vein fistula (APVF) by gelatin sponge versus gelatin sponge with lipiodol. METHODS: The clinical data of 51 patients were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into Groups A and B. APVF was embolized by gelatin sponge alone in Group A and gelatin sponge with lipiodol in Group B. Then the investigators observed and compared the revasculation rate of hepatic artery-portal vein fistula at Days 30 - 40 and 60 - 70 post-embolization respectively. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in age, gender, pathological types and hepatic functions before intervention between Groups A and B. One of 28 APVF sites was embolized unsuccessfully in Group A while all APVF cases were embolized successfully in Group B. The revasculation rate of hepatic APVF were 70.37% and 46.15% at Days 30 - 40 post-embolization in Groups A and B respectively (χ(2) = 4.25, P = 0.039, chi-square test); the revasculation rates of APVF were 92.59% and 88.46% respectively at Days 60 - 70 post-embolization (P = 0.67). CONCLUSION: Interventional therapy of hepatic APVF by gelatin sponge and lipiodol is a safe method of reducing the short-term revasculation rate. It may be employed in clinical practices to save precious time for controlling hepatic malignant tumors.

[Adulteration detection of urea in milk by mid-infrared spectroscopy].

In the present study, a technique of mid-infrared spectroscopy for detection of urea in milk was put forward. Eighteen adulterated milk samples with added different content of urea (1-18 g x L(-1)) were prepared. The mid-infrared spectra of these milk samples were measured. The infrared characteristics of pure milk and adulterated milk were studied, and analysis and comparisons of the differences were carried out. The absorption peak area (A1 562) of 1 562 cm(-1), which was assigned to the C-N stretching vibration for urea, and the absorption peak area (A1 464) of 1 464 cm(-1), which was assigned to the C=O stretching vibration for amide III', were calculated by origin. Linear fitting of relation was made between A1 562/A1 464 and urea concentration in milk. The results show that the A1 562/A1 464 is linear with urea concentration in milk, with a regression coefficient of 0.96. The study is important to improving quality of dairy products and protecting the benefit of consumers, and takes on crucial social significance and application prospect.

[Feasibility of using laser-induced fluorescence to detect directly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil].

Abstract In the present paper, a technique of laser-induced fluorescence(LIF)for direct assay of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in soil was put forward. The research objective of this article is anthracene. The possibility of using LIF spectra to detect directly anthracene in soil was studied. Anthracene was detected in soil by AvaSpec-3648 Fiber Optic Spectrometer of thermoelectric refrigeration. The authors drew a conclusion that in the range of certain anthracene concentration(0.000 005-0.001 g x g(-1)), the intensity of LIF fluorescence is linear with anthracene concentration in soil, with a regression coefficient of 0. 929. This showed that direct assay of anthracene in soil was feasible by laser-induced fluorescence. The study is important to developing a new analytical technique of quantitative fluorescence detector which can be applied to the analysis of PAH in soil without pretreatment, and is significant to realization of real-time, in-line, in-situ measurement of PAH in soil.