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This study aimed to investigate the changes in physical activity levels and the rate of falls during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Korean population. The Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) conducted in 2019 was compared with that conducted in 2020. Simple or multiple linear regression with complex sampling was conducted to calculate the estimated value (EV) of physical activity in the 2020 group vs. the 2019 group. The odds ratio (OR) of fall histories was calculated using simple or multiple logistic regression with complex sampling for the 2020 group compared to the 2019 group. The time spent on vigorous and moderate physical activity was lower in the 2020 group than in the 2019 group (EV = -10.0, 95% CI = -12.1 to -8.0, P < 0.001 for vigorous exercise and EV = -24.0, 95% CI = -26.7 to -21.4, P < 0.001 for moderate exercise). The rate of falls was lower in the 2020 group than in the 2019 group (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.70, P < 0.001). Vigorous and moderate exercise decreased after the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic. The occurrence of falls was lower during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period.
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This study investigated the association of previous use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with the rate of hearing impairment. The ≥40-year-old population in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort was enrolled. The 6626 registered hearing-impaired patients were matched with 508,240 control participants for age, sex, income, region of residence, and index date (date of hearing impairment diagnosis). The prescription histories of PPIs were collected for 2 years before the index date. The odds ratios of the duration of PPI use for hearing impairment were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Subgroups of age/sex and severity of hearing impairments were additionally analyzed for the relation of PPI use with hearing impairment. PPI use for 30-365 days was associated with a 1.65-times higher odds of hearing impairment (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.47-1.86 for 30-365 days of PPI medication). PPI use for ≥365 days was also related to 1.52-times higher odds of hearing impairment (95% CI = 1.35-1.72, p < 0.001). All age and sex subgroups demonstrated a positive association between PPI use and hearing impairment. Severe hearing impairment showed consistently higher odds of a relation with PPI use. PPI use was associated with an increased rate of hearing impairment.
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Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Bases de Dados Factuais , Duração da Terapia , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/induzido quimicamente , Perda Auditiva/patologia , Humanos , Cobertura do Seguro , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , República da Coreia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the association between cervical cancer and the occurrence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). METHODS: In this national cohort study using KoGES health examination (HEXA) data, we extracted data for patients with cervical cancer (n = 493) and control participants (n = 77,571); we then analyzed the occurrence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture at baseline from 2004 to 2013 and during follow-up from 2012 to 2016. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The ORs (95% CIs) for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture were 1.49 (95% CI 1.15-1.92, p = 0.03) and 1.06 (95% CI 0.82-1.38, p = 0.634), respectively, in the cervical cancer group. The ORs (95% CIs) for osteoporosis were 2.12 (95% CI 1.14-3.95, p = 0.018) in the ≤ 51-year-old group and 1.43 (95% CI 1.08-1.89, p = 0.011) in the ≥ 52-year-old group of cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSION: We concluded that Korean women with cervical cancer had a higher risk of osteoporosis than healthy women, but the same finding was not observed for osteoporotic fracture.
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies reported the relationship between psoriasis and herpes zoster, the number of study is not sufficient to support the conclusions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between psoriasis and herpes zoster. METHODS: The data of a nationally representative Korean cohort collected in the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) System from 2002 to 2013 were used. Psoriasis was defined ≥ 2 International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) L40 codes. Among them, severe psoriasis was defined as psoriatic medication use, including acitretin, systemic corticosteroid, cyclosporine and methotrexate. Other psoriasis was defined as mild psoriasis. Herpes zoster was defined as ≥ 2 ICD-10 B02 codes or ≥ 1 B02 code with antiviral medication use. Psoriasis patients (n = 11 009) and control participants (n = 44 036) were matched 1:4 by age, sex, income and region of residence. A stratified Cox proportional hazard model was used stratified by age, sex, income and region of residence. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for the risk of herpes zoster in the total psoriasis group, mild psoriasis group, and severe psoriasis group and compared with those in each matched control group. RESULTS: The HR for herpes zoster was higher in the psoriasis group than in control group (adjusted HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.12-1.33, P < 0.001). The findings were consistent between the mild psoriasis and severe psoriasis patients and their matched controls, and between male psoriasis patients in all age groups and their matched male controls. CONCLUSIONS: Psoriasis may increase the risk of herpes zoster, especially in males.
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Herpes Zoster/epidemiologia , Psoríase/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease resulting in patients exhibiting high levels of inflammatory factors causing systemic inflammatory bone destruction that may lead to osteoporosis development. The association between periodontitis and osteoporosis has been documented; however, the findings remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis using a cross-sectional study design and Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) health examinee data. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used epidemiological data from the KoGES during 2004-2016. Of 125,324 participants (age, 40-79 years), 9969 with periodontitis and 115,332 controls (without periodontitis) were selected. We analyzed the history of osteoporosis and fractures of all participants. All participants were examined according to age, sex, income group, obesity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and food intake. To analyze the odds ratio (OR) of periodontitis for those with osteoporosis and fractures, a logistic regression model was used. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of periodontitis for osteoporosis was 2.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01-2.31; P < 0.001). The aOR of periodontitis for any fracture was 1.54 (95% CI 1.46-1.62; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis and fractures are associated with periodontitis. Performing regular oral hygiene and examinations of bone mineral density are recommended to prevent aggravation of osteoporosis and periodontitis.
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Osteoporose , Periodontite , Adulto , Idoso , Densidade Óssea , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Higiene Bucal , Osteoporose/complicações , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Periodontite/complicações , Periodontite/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether initial symptoms of COVID-19 are associated with mortality and morbidity. Materials and Methods: The data of 5628 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The maximum level of morbidity during hospital admission was classified as mild or severe, and patient mortality was recorded. Clinical symptoms were categorized as respiratory, gastrointestinal, general, and neurologic symptoms. The hazard ratios (HRs) for clinical symptoms associated with mortality were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The odds ratios (ORs) for clinical symptoms associated with morbidity were analyzed using the logistic regression model. Results: Of the included COVID-19 patients, 15.4% (808/5253) were classified as having severe morbidity. Morbidity was related to the clinical symptoms of cough, sputum, shortness of breath, vomiting/nausea, diarrhea, fever, and altered mental status or confusion. According to the symptom categories, respiratory and general symptoms were related to high morbidity (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.30-1.53, p < 0.001 for respiratory symptom and OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.18-1.59, p < 0.001 for general symptom). Mortality was associated with the clinical symptoms of shortness of breath, fever, and altered mental status or confusion. Among the symptom categories, respiratory symptoms were associated with a 1.17-fold increased HR for mortality (95% CI = 1.04-1.32, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Initial respiratory symptoms were related to high morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
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COVID-19 , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Humanos , Morbidade , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between physical activity (PA) and various causes of mortality in Korea. The aim of our study was to evaluate mortality and causes of death between PA and insufficient PA using Korean national cohort data. METHODS: The health screening cohort data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2009 to 2015 were used. 'PA' was determined if participants walked or performed moderate-intensity activity ≥5 d/week for ≥30 min, or vigorous-intensity activity ≥3 d/week for ≥20 min. Other participants were classified as 'insufficient PA'. The PA and insufficient PA groups were matched by age, sex, income, and region of residence in a 1:1 ratio. Causes of death were classified into 13 categories. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all mortality rates were analyzed using a stratified Cox proportional hazard model. Age, sex, income, and region of residence were stratified. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, and obesity status. The odds ratio according to the causes of death was calculated by the chi-square test. RESULTS: The adjusted HR for mortality in the PA group was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82-0.88). In subgroup analyses according to age, sex, and obesity status, results were consistent with the main findings in < 60-year-old females, ≥ 60-year-old males and females, and in all subgroups by obesity. The death rate by neoplasm, mental diseases, neurologic disease, circulatory disease, respiratory disease, digestive disease, abnormal finding, and trauma were lower in the PA than the insufficient PA group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PA is inversely associated with mortality caused specifically by diseases reflected by mental, respiratory, cancer, and cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, PA is inversely associated with mortality compared to insufficient PA in all obesity status.
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Doença Crônica/mortalidade , Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Comportamento Sedentário , Adulto , Idoso , Causas de Morte , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , República da CoreiaRESUMO
While headaches frequently occur in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), there are few statistical evaluations of their connection to migraines in population-based studies. In this nationwide longitudinal follow-up study of Korean health examination data (2002-2019), a total of 15,443 participants with CKD and 61,772 matched controls were enrolled. We applied overlap-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess hazard ratios, examining the correlation between CKD and the development of migraines. After accounting for various factors, we observed a modest reduction of approximately 11% in the likelihood of migraine occurrence among CKD patients (95% confidence intervals = 0.81-0.97) during the 16-year monitoring period. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant association among specific demographic and health conditions, including individuals aged 70 or older, females, overweight individuals, nonsmokers, and those without hypertension or diabetes. Our research may indicate a potential relationship between CKD and the onset of migraines in Korean adults, suggesting a slight reduction in the probability of the occurrence of migraines among those with CKD. These findings emphasize the need for attentive follow-up and preventive management in individuals without the identified protective factors, particularly in male CKD patients under the age of 70 with hypertension.
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Growing research has proposed that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP) share similar pathophysiological mechanisms involving inflammation and tissue destruction. However, the potential correlation of CP as a contributing factor for the occurrence of RA warrants validation in the Korean population, where both diseases are prevalent, especially considering the increasingly aging demographic in Korea. This study examined 5139 RA cases and 509,727 matched controls from a Korean national cohort dataset (2002-2019) by carefully employing propensity score matching to ensure comparability between groups. Baseline characteristics were compared using standardized differences, and logistic regression was employed to estimate the impact of CP history on RA likelihood while controlling for covariates. We fully examined medical records documenting CP occurrences within the two-year period leading up to the index date, conducting comprehensive subgroup analyses. While a 1-year history of CP did not show a significant association with likelihood of RA, a 2-year history of CP increased RA likelihood by 12%, particularly among older adults, females, rural residents, and those with certain comorbidities such as hypercholesterolemia. Interestingly, this association persisted even among individuals with non-smoking habits, normal weight, and infrequent alcohol consumption. These findings suggest that chronic CP exposure for at least 2 years may independently elevate RA risk in Korean adults. The association in certain subgroups appears to suggest a predisposition toward genetic susceptibilities over lifestyle and environmental factors. Predicting RA in CP patients may be challenging, emphasizing the importance of regular RA screening, especially in high-risk subgroups.
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Recent research suggests a potential relevance between chronic periodontitis (CP) and Parkinson's disease (PD), raising concerns about comorbid PD among elderly CP patients. However, the epidemiologic basis for this association remains unclear. Employing a nested case-control design, this study explored the association between CP and subsequent PD occurrences in Korean adults, leveraging a validated national population-based dataset covering the period from 2002 to 2019. It included 8794 PD patients and 35,176 matched control individuals, established through propensity score matching for age, sex, residential area, and income. Baseline characteristics were compared using standardized differences, and logistic regression was employed to assess the impact of CP histories on PD likelihood while controlling for covariates. We performed a thorough examination of CP events within both 1-year and 2-year intervals preceding the index date, incorporating subgroup analyses. Our analysis revealed no statistically significant association between CP history and PD development overall. However, subgroup analysis revealed a slightly increased likelihood of PD development among CP individuals with a high disease burden (Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥ 2). In conclusion, although our study did not find a significant overall association between CP history and PD development, the elevated likelihood of PD in subgroups with high disease burden may suggest that comorbidities influence PD probability among certain CP patients. Considering comorbid conditions in PD screening for some individuals with CP may be also important.
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Gastric cancer (GC) survivors may be more likely to develop osteoporosis. However, few studies on the relationship between GC and osteoporosis have been conducted on large patient populations. We aimed to determine the incidence of osteoporosis and identify related factors by comparing patients with GC and matched controls using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (KNHIS-NSC). This study included 9078 patients with GC and 36,312 controls (1:4 propensity score-matched for sex, age, residence, and income). The hazard ratio (HR) for osteoporosis was significantly greater for GC patients than for controls according to Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score-adjusted models (adjusted HR = 1.13). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative incidence of osteoporosis during the follow-up period commencing from the index date was significantly greater in GC patients than in the controls (p = 0.0087). A positive correlation of osteoporosis with GC was detected for those aged < 65 years, males, and those with CCI scores = 0. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that men with GC aged < 65 years may be at an increased risk for osteoporosis. Research into additional risk factors and the optimal timing of interventions are needed to prevent fractures and minimize bone loss in GC survivors.
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Objective: Accumulating evidence from other countries indicates potential associations between gout and cardiovascular diseases; however, the associations of gout with cardiovascular diseases, particularly stroke, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure, remain ambiguous in the Korean population. We hypothesized that individuals with gout are at a higher likelihood of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure. This study expands upon previous research by ensuring a comparable baseline between patient and control groups and analyzing 16 years of data derived from an extensive healthcare database. Methods: We selected 22,480 patients with gout and 22,480 control individuals from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database (2002-2019), and matched them at a 1:1 ratio according to sex, age, income, and residence. A Cox proportional hazard model with weighted overlap was employed to examine the relationship between gout and the risk of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure after adjustment for several covariates. Results: The incidences of stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure in participants with gout were slightly higher than those in controls (stroke: 9.84 vs. 8.41 per 1000 person-years; ischemic heart disease: 9.77 vs. 7.15 per 1000 person-years; heart failure: 2.47 vs. 1.46 per 1000 person-years). After adjustment, the gout group had an 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.19), 28% (95% CI = 1.19-1.37), or 64% (95% CI = 1.41-1.91) higher likelihood of experiencing stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure, respectively, than the control group. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that individuals with gout in the Korean population, particularly those aged ≥ 60 years, were more likely to have stroke, ischemic heart disease, or heart failure.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Gota , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Isquemia Miocárdica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicações , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiologia , Gota/complicações , Gota/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , República da Coreia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to that during the prepandemic period. METHODS: Data from participants in the Korean Community Health Survey in 2019 and 2020 aged ≥ 19 years old were analyzed. In total, the data of 223,306 participants from the 2020 group were compared with the data of 217,133 participants from the 2019 group regarding the experience and severity of depression. The experience of depression was surveyed in terms of a history of sadness or despair for ≥2 weeks in the last year. In addition, the PHQ-9 scores were used, and participants with PHQ-9 scores ≥10 were recategorized as having moderate to severe depression. The odds for depression of the 2020 group compared to the 2019 group based on the survey and PHQ-9 scores were calculated using simple or multiple logistic regression with complex sampling with weighted values. RESULTS: The rate of depression experience was lower in the 2020 group than in the 2019 group. The odds of experiencing depression were lower in the 2020 group than in the 2019 group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.95, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] = 0.91-0.98, P = 0.004). The odds of moderate to severe depression were also lower in the 2020 group than in the 2019 group (aOR=0.92, 95% CI=0.88-0.97, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The rate of depression experience was not higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the prepandemic period in Korea.
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COVID-19 , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Saúde Pública , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Previous researchers have suggested an elevated risk of thyroid cancer (TC) in patients with psoriasis with mixed results. The current study evaluated the relationship of psoriasis with the risk of TC in an adult population. The data from the Korean National Health Insurance ServiceHealth Screening Cohort ≥ 40 years old were analyzed. In total, 6822 patients with TC were equalized with 27,288 control participants using overlap weighting adjustment based on the propensity score. The history of psoriasis was compared between the TC and control groups using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Secondary analyses were conducted according to age, sex, income, region of residence, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, the Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, hypothyroidism, goiter, thyrotoxicosis, and thyroiditis. The history of psoriasis was not different in patients with TC (overlap-weighted odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.85−1.22). The <55-year-old group showed a high rate of TC associated with psoriasis (overlap-weighted OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.22−2.36, p = 0.002). The population without hypothyroidism demonstrated an increased rate of TC related to psoriasis (overlap-weighted OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06−1.57, p = 0.012). The patients with hypothyroidism showed a low rate of TC for psoriasis (overlap-weighted OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.37−0.96, p = 0.034). None of the other subgroups showed an association between psoriasis and TC. Psoriasis was not related to the risk of TC in the overall adult population. Young adults and populations without hypothyroidism indicated an elevated rate of TC for psoriasis.
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A high rate of Meniere's disease (MD) in patients with osteoporosis has been suggested. This research intended to estimate the bidirectional association of MD with osteoporosis. The ≥40-year-old population in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort 2002-2019 was examined. In study I, 9529 patients with MD and 38,116 control I participants were analyzed for a previous history of osteoporosis. In study II, 65,858 patients with osteoporosis and 65,858 control II participants were analyzed for a previous history of MD. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MD for osteoporosis in study I and of osteoporosis for MD in study II. The rate of a prior history of osteoporosis was 13.3% for the MD group and 11.3% for the control I group. The patients with MD had a 1.12 times higher HR for previous osteoporosis (95% CI = 1.04-1.20). In study II, the rate or a prior history of MD was 3.7% for patients with osteoporosis and 2.0% for the control II group. The patients with osteoporosis had a 1.50 times higher HR for previous MD (95% CI = 1.40-1.61). Most subgroups according to age, sex, and comorbid conditions demonstrated consistent bidirectional associations between MD and osteoporosis. Adult patients with MD had a greater risk of osteoporosis. In addition, adult patients with osteoporosis also showed a higher risk of MD.
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Doença de Meniere , Osteoporose , Adulto , Humanos , Seguimentos , Doença de Meniere/complicações , Doença de Meniere/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Osteoporose/complicações , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Modelos de Riscos ProporcionaisRESUMO
The current research investigated the impacts of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity on the development of nephrolithiasis. We included ≥40-year-old Koreans from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. A total of 28,395 nephrolithiasis patients were compared with 113,580 control participants. Previous histories of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity were examined before the presence of nephrolithiasis. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity for nephrolithiasis. Further analyses were conducted, according to age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity. The current smoking status was not linked with the presence of nephrolithiasis. Alcohol consumption was linked with a lower likelihood of the presence of nephrolithiasis (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.89, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.86−0.92, p < 0.001). Being obese was associated with a greater likelihood of the presence of nephrolithiasis ((95% CI) = 1.27 (1.22−1.31) < 1.42 (1.37−1.46) < 1.59 (1.47−1.71) for overweight < obese I < obese II). The relation of alcohol consumption and obesity with nephrolithiasis was consistent in the subgroups. The presence of nephrolithiasis was positively linked with obesity and negatively linked with alcohol consumption.
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Nefrolitíase , Obesidade , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Nefrolitíase/epidemiologia , Nefrolitíase/etiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A few retrospective studies have suggested the risk of urolithiasis associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The current research intended to estimate the risk of urolithiasis according to previous PPI use. A nested case-control study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort in Korea. A total of 28,962 patients with urolithiasis and 115,848 control participants were selected. The previous prescription history of PPI with days of PPI prescription was collected. To calculate the odds ratios (OR) of past, current, and days of PPI use for urolithiasis, logistic regression models were used. Subgroup analyses were conducted. The urolithiasis group demonstrated a higher rate of current PPI users than the control group (60.9% vs. 43.7%). The current PPI users indicated 2.49 times higher odds for urolithiasis than no PPI users (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 2.33−2.66). A longer duration of PPI use was associated with greater odds for urolithiasis (adjusted OR = 1.65 (95% CI = 1.54−1.77) < 1.97 (95% CI = 1.84−2.11) < 2.32 (95% CI = 2.14−2.49) for 1−19 days, 30−364 days, and 365 or more days of PPI prescription). All subgroup analyses described a consistently positive association of previous PPI use with urolithiasis. Prior PPI use was related to a higher risk of urolithiasis. The relationship between previous PPI use and urolithiasis demonstrated a dose-response association.
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OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to investigate the association between Meniere's disease and prior history of asthma. STUDY DESIGN: A nested case-control study. METHODS: Among the patients aged ≥40 years from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort 2002-2015, 7,734 diagnosed with Meniere's disease between 2004 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. From the 505,834 participants without a prior history of Meniere's disease, 30,936 control participants were selected based on age, sex, income, and region of residence. The presence of a prior history of asthma before the diagnosis of Meniere's disease was compared between the Meniere's disease group and control group using conditional logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: Prior history of asthma was associated with 1.30 (1.21-1.39) times higher odds of Meniere's disease (E-value = 1.92 [1.71]). Both allergic asthma and nonallergic asthma patients demonstrated higher odds of Meniere's disease than the control group (adjusted OR = 1.21 [1.08-1.36] and E-value = 1.72 [1.37] for allergic asthma; adjusted OR = 1.26 [1.17-1.36] and E-value = 1.83 [1.60] for nonallergic asthma). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to demonstrate a positive relationship between Meniere's disease and prior asthma history in adults. The association between prior asthma history and Meniere's disease was noted in both allergic and nonallergic asthma cases. The potential development of Meniere's disease should be considered when managing the asthma patients with dizziness or vertigo. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 132:864-872, 2022.
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Asma , Doença de Meniere , Adulto , Asma/complicações , Asma/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Doença de Meniere/complicações , Doença de Meniere/epidemiologia , Vertigem/complicaçõesRESUMO
This study examined the associations between the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures in detailed sites and combined physical activity (PA) and sunshine duration (SD). Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort for 7-year periods and from the Korea Meteorological Administration were used. Osteoporotic fractures (n = 12,103), including vertebral fractures, hip fractures, and distal radius fractures, and matched controls (n = 24,206) were selected in 1:2 ratios by age, sex, income, and region of residence. PA was classified as moderate- to high-intensity PA (High PA) and low-intensity PA (Low PA). SD was classified as Short SD (<6.1 h) and Long SD (≥6.1 h). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95%-confidence intervals (CIs) of the combined PA and SD groups for the occurrence of each osteoporotic fracture. Compared to 'Low PA + Short SD', the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for vertebral fracture in 'High PA + Short SD' and 'High PA + Long SD' were 0.83 (0.76-0.91) and 0.84 (0.77-0.92), respectively. Hip/distal radius fractures were not associated with the combined PA and SD group. We suggest that a higher intensity of PA is inversely associated with the risk of vertebral fracture.
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We hypothesized that asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) might increase the risk of chronic otitis media (COM), as asthma or COPD affects other diseases. The aim of this research was to investigate whether the incidence of COM is affected by a diagnosis of asthma or COPD in patients compared to matched controls from the national health screening cohort. A COM group (n = 11,587) and a control group that was 1:4 matched for age, sex, income, and residence area (n = 46,348) were selected. The control group included participants who never received treatment for COM from Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2015. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of previous asthma/COPD before the index date for COM were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. The analyses were stratified by age, sex, income, and region of residence. The period prevalence of asthma (17.5% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001) and COPD (6.6% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the COM group than in the control group. In addition, the odds of asthma and COPD were significantly higher in the COM group than in the control group. Both asthma (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.31, p < 0.001) and COPD (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13-1.35, p < 0.001) increased the ORs for COM. This positive association between asthma/COPD and COM indicates that asthma/COPD might increase the incidence of COM.