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Benzoylphenylureas as an important type of insect growth regulators, acting on the moulting stage in immature insects, are highly effective and low toxic. The new benzoylphenylurea TXH09 [N-((2,6-dimethyl-4-(heptafluoropropyl-2-yl)phenyl)carbamoyl)-2,6-difluorobenzamide] has high efficacy against chewing insect pests harming vegetables and rice. In this paper, the efficacy of TXH09 against two intractable borers Ostrinia furnacalis and Grapholitha molesta were evaluated in field, and safety assessment by exploring the characteristics of photodegradation, cytotoxicity, micronucleus generation and chromosome aberration was performed. The results showed that TXH09 had good capability in preventing infested corn and reducing the population of O. furnacalis larvae, and maintained high efficacy on shoot protection and peach conservation against G. molesta larvae. There were no significant differences between the control effects of TXH09 and that of hexaflumuron or diflubenzuron at the same active dose. TXH09 photolysis in solvents N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene and methanol yielded two major products, and the photodegradation of TXH09 was more prone to occur in N,N-dimethylformamide. TXH09 and the mixture of its photoproducts showed higher cytotoxicity on insect Sf-9 cells than on human Hek293 cells. Moreover, TXH09 didn't show significant effects in inducing micronucleated cells in both male and female mice and chromosomal aberrations in mouse spermatocytes by its own. In conclusion, TXH09, as an effective insecticide, has good environmental safety performance against O. furnacalis and G. molesta in field.
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Inseticidas/farmacologia , Mariposas/fisiologia , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inseticidas/química , Larva/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Compostos de Fenilureia/química , Fotólise , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Células Sf9RESUMO
The widespread application of triazole fungicides makes people attach great concern over its adverse effects in mammalian. In this paper, cytotoxic effects of triazole alcohol fungicides (TAFs) were assessed on human HeLa, A549, HCT116 and K562 cells, and the potential mechanism of TAFs cytotoxicity was studied preliminarily. Results showed that TAFs had cytotoxicity on human cells with different level and cytotoxic selectivity. TAFs cytotoxicity was resonated with a typical hormetic biphasic dose action that produced a complex pattern of stimulatory or inhibitory effects on cell viability. Among the five TAFs, diniconazole revealed a widest range of cytotoxicity to inhibit the viability of the adherent and the suspension cells, causing HeLa cells shrinkage, A549 cells shrunken, and K562 cells collapse, and showed stronger cytotoxicity than hexaconazole. Moreover, the involvement of ROS generation in the cytotoxicity of TAFs on human cells was observed, and the apoptosis of HeLa cells and the formation of apoptotic body in K562 cells induced by diniconazole were characterized. The results indicated the cytotoxicity of TAFs with different structures on human cells was depended on their own property and cell specificity, K562 cells were the most susceptible to TAFs and diniconazole was the strongest toxic.
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Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Células A549 , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HCT116 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Células K562 , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Testes de Toxicidade , Triazóis/química , Triazóis/toxicidadeRESUMO
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) toxicity contributes a potential risk to environment and human health. To investigate the effect of α-tocopherol (VitE) and dithiothreitol (DTT) in ameliorating EMB-induced cytotoxicity in human K562 cells, in vitro cultured human K562 cells were incubated with different concentrations of EMB in supplement with VitE and DTT when the cells were in the logarithmic phase. Next, the cell growth inhibition was evaluated using the MTT assay and cellular morphology observation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored using DCFH-DA probe and NF-κB signaling was determined using Western blotting. The results demonstrated that treatment with EMB (time- and concentration-dependent) showed significantly greater inhibition on K562 cell viability, heavier chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, and stronger suppression of NF-κB/p105 and p65/RelA expression of K562 cells than the control group (pâ¯<â¯0.01). The supplementation of VitE or DTT could help protect K562 cells against EMB-induced cytotoxicity by improving cell viability, preventing ROS accumulation and up-regulating NF-κB signaling through their ameliorating effects against oxidative stress induced by EMB. VitE had a stronger synergistic effect in limiting EMB cytotoxicity than DTT. Our findings indicate that VitE and DTT are potent antioxidants for human K562 cells, offering a promising means of ameliorating EMB cytotoxicity.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ditiotreitol/farmacologia , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ivermectina/toxicidade , Células K562 , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição RelA/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Piericidin A (PIA), an active inhibitor of Complex I, is widely used in studies of the anti-bacterial and anti-disease competence, but its physiological and mechanistic effects have rarely been clearly defined in insect individual or insect cells. The present study reveals the considerable insecticidal activity of PIA on Mythimna separata larvae by using a comparison with Aphis craccivora adult, and the cytotoxic selectivity induced by PIA on lepidopteran Tn5B1-4 cells. We demonstrate that the viability of Tn5B1-4 cells is inhibited by PIA in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with IC50 value of 0.061⯵M, whilst PIA shows slight inhibitory effect on the viability of HepG2 and Hek293 cells with IC50 value of 233.97 and 228.96⯵M, respectively. The inhibitory effect of PIA on the proliferation of Tn5B1-4 cells is significant and persistent, causing a series of morphological changes including cell shrinkage, condensed and fragmented nuclei. Intracellular biochemical assays show that PIA induces apoptosis of Tn5B1-4 cells coincides with a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. PIA in Tn5B1-4 cells can be chelated by EDTA, thereby losing cytotoxicity, whereas exogenous Ca2+ restores the cytotoxicity of PIA by chelating with EDTA in a competitive manner. Our findings highlight the importance of the long-lasting cytotoxicity and the cytoxic selectivity on Tn5B1-4 cells caused by PIA, which ensure the identification of insecticidal effect of PIA against insect pests.
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Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Lepidópteros/efeitos dos fármacos , Piridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , Células HEK293 , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Carbon dots have attracted worldwide interest due to their customizable nature, luminescent properties, and exceptional biocompatibility. In particular, biomass-derived carbon dots have attracted attention for their environmentally friendly and cost-effective synthesis. Recent research looks into how polysaccharides can be used to make carbon dots. Using them as starting materials for nanomaterials has benefits in terms of structure, morphology, and doping elements. Although research has extensively examined the optical properties of carbon dots, their potential biological applications have not been thoroughly investigated. This review mainly summarises the cytotoxicity and biological functions of polysaccharide-based carbon dots (e.g. agar, alginate, cellulose, carrageenan, chitosan, chitosan, starch, gelatin, etc.), such as antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-tumor functions, highlighting the different scenarios of the methods of preparation of carbon dots. The applications of carbon dots in food, biomedical sciences, soil fertilization, and power generation are highlighted by reviewing the low toxicity of carbon dots with safety and biocompatibility in human contact. Finally, the importance and challenges of polysaccharide-based carbon dots and the prospects and research directions of polysaccharide-based carbon dots are explained by comparing them with other nanomaterials.
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Background: The long-term survival and perioperative outcomes of robotic-assisted lobectomy (RAL) and video-assisted lobectomy (VAL) in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were found to be comparable in retrospective studies, but they have not been investigated in a randomized trial setting. We conducted the RVlob trial to investigate if RAL was non-inferior to VAL in patients with resectable NSCLC. Methods: In this single-center, open-label, and parallel-arm randomized controlled trial conducted in Ruijin Hospital (Shanghai, China) between May 2017 and May 2020, we randomly assigned patients with resectable NSCLC in a 1:1 ratio to receive either RAL or VAL. One of the primary endpoints was 3-year overall survival. Secondary endpoints included 3-year disease-free survival. The Kaplan-Meier approach was used to calculate overall survival and disease-free survival at 3 years. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03134534. Findings: A total of 320 patients were randomized to receive RAL (n = 157) or VAL (n = 163). The baseline characteristics of patients were well balanced between the two groups. After a median follow-up of 58.0 months, the 3-year overall survival was 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.0-98.3) in the RAL group and 91.5% (95% CI, 87.2-96.0) in the VAL group (hazard ratio [HR] for death, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.33-1.28; P = 0.21); noninferiority of RAL was confirmed according to the predefined margin of -5% (absolute difference, 2.96%; a one-sided 90% CI, -1.39% to ∞; P = 0.0029 for noninferiority). The 3-year disease-free survival was 88.7% (95% CI, 83.6-94.1) in the RAL group and 85.4% (95% CI, 80.0-91.2) in the VAL group (HR for disease recurrence or death, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.50-1.52; P = 0.62). Interpretation: This study is the first randomized trial to show that RAL resulted in non-inferior overall survival compared with VAL in patients with resectable NSCLC. Based on our results, RAL is an equally oncologically effective treatment and can be considered as an alternative to VAL for resectable NSCLC. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072557), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2500900), Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant (20172005, the 2nd round of disbursement), program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20XD1402300), Novel Interdisciplinary Research Project from Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2022JC023), and Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG2023ZD04).
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic relationship of Ephedra intermedia from different habitats in Gansu. METHODS: The genetic diversity and genetic relationship of E. intermedia from different habitats in Gansu were studied by ISSR molecular marker technique. RESULTS: Twelve ISSR primers were selected from 70 ISSR primers and used for ISSR amplification. Total 112 loci were amplified, in which 81 were polymorphic loci, the average percentage of polymorphie bands (PPB) was 72.32%. Clustering results indicated that the wild species and cultivating species were clustered into different group. The wild species, which had closer distance, were clustered into a group. CONCLUSION: E. intermedia of different habitats in Gansu have rich genetic diversities among species, it is the reason that E. intermedia has strong adaptability and wide distribution. Further, the genetic distance of E. intermedia is associated with geographical distance, the further distance can hinder the gene flow.
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Ecossistema , Ephedra/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , China , Análise por Conglomerados , Primers do DNA , DNA de Plantas/genética , Ephedra/classificação , Marcadores Genéticos , Filogenia , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Fetal distress is a symptom of fetal intrauterine hypoxia, which is seriously harmful to both the fetus and the pregnant woman. The current primary clinical tool for the assessment of fetal distress is Cardiotocography (CTG). Due to subjective variability, physicians often interpret CTG results inconsistently, hence the need to develop an auxiliary diagnostic system for fetal distress. Although the deep learning-based fetal distress-assisted diagnosis model has a high classification accuracy, the model not only has a large number of parameters but also requires a large number of computational resources, which is difficult to deploy to practical end-use scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight fetal distress-assisted diagnosis network, LW-FHRNet, based on a cross-channel interactive attention mechanism. The wavelet packet decomposition technique is used to convert the one-dimensional fetal heart rate (FHR) signal into a two-dimensional wavelet packet coefficient matrix map as the network input layer to fully obtain the feature information of the FHR signal. With ShuffleNet-v2 as the core, a local cross-channel interactive attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the model's ability to extract features and achieve effective fusion of multichannel features without dimensionality reduction. In this paper, the publicly available database CTU-UHB is used for the network performance evaluation. LW-FHRNet achieves 95.24% accuracy, which meets or exceeds the classification results of deep learning-based models. Additionally, the number of model parameters is reduced many times compared with the deep learning model, and the size of the model parameters is only 0.33 M. The results show that the lightweight model proposed in this paper can effectively aid in fetal distress diagnosis.
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CTG (Cardiotocography) is an effective tool for fetal status assessment. Clinically, doctors mainly evaluate the health of fetus by observing FHR (fetal heart rate). The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence has led realization of computer-aided CTG technology, Intelligent CTG classification based on FHR is a fundamental component of these technologies. Its implementation can provide doctors with auxiliary decisions. Most of existing FHR classification methods are based on combing different deep learning models, such as CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), LSTM (Long short-term memory) and Transformer. However, these studies ignore the balance of positive and negative samples in dataset and the matching degree between model and FHR classification task, which reduces the classification accuracy. In this paper, we mainly discuss two major problems in previous FHR classification studies: reduce class imbalance and select appropriate convolution kernel. To address above two problems, we propose a data augmentation method based on ECMN (Edge Clipping and Multiscale Noise) to resolve class imbalance. Subsequently, we introduce a one-dimensional long convolutional layer, which use trend area to calculate the appropriate convolution kernel. Based on appropriate convolution kernel, an improved residual structure with attention mechanism named TGLCN (Trend-Guided Long Convolution Network) is proposed to improve FHR classification accuracy. Finally, horizontal and longitudinal experiments show that the TGLCN obtains high classification accuracy and speed of parameter adjustment.
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Inteligência Artificial , Aprendizado Profundo , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Frequência Cardíaca Fetal/fisiologia , Redes Neurais de Computação , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Feto/fisiologiaRESUMO
Objectives: Pulmonary segmentectomy should be the standard surgical procedure for patients in certain clinical scenarios. However, detecting the intersegmental planes both on the pleural surface and within the lung parenchyma remains a challenge. We developed an intraoperative novel method for distinguishing intersegmental planes of the lung via transbronchial injection of iron sucrose (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03516500). Methods: We first performed a bronchial injection of iron sucrose to identify the intersegmental plane of the porcine lung. Then, we conducted a prospective study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the technique in 20 patients who underwent anatomic segmentectomy. Iron sucrose was injected into the bronchus of target pulmonary segments, and the intersegmental planes were divided with electrocautery or stapler. Results: The median injection of iron sucrose was 90 mL (range, 70-120 mL), and the median time from injection of iron sucrose to demarcation of intersegmental plane was 8 minutes (range, 3-25 minutes). Qualified identification of the intersegmental plane was observed in 17 cases (85%). The intersegmental plane could not be recognized in 3 cases. All patients experienced no complications related to iron sucrose injection or complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or more. Conclusions: Transbronchial injection of iron sucrose is a simple, safe, and feasible approach to identify the intersegmental plane (NCT03516500).
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Low-threshold lasing under pulsed optical pumping is demonstrated in GaN-based microrod cavities at room temperature, which are fabricated on the patterned sapphire substrates (PSS). Because the distribution of threading dislocations (TDs) is different at different locations, a confocal micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy (µ-PL) was performed to analyze the lasing properties of the different diameter microrods at the top of the triangle islands and between the triangle islands of the PSS substrates, respectively. The µ-PL results show that the 2 µm-diameter microrod cavity has a minimum threshold of about 0.3 kW/cm2. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the microrod cavities are investigated by finite-difference time-domain simulation. Combined with the dislocation distribution in the GaN on the PSS substrates, it is found that the distribution of the strongest lasing WGMs always moves to the region with fewer TDs. This work reveals the connection between the lasing modes and the dislocation distribution, and can contribute to the development of low-threshold and high-efficiency GaN-based micro-lasers.
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BACKGROUND: Fungal diseases remain important causes of crop failure and economic losses. As the resistance toward current selective fungicides becomes increasingly problematic, it is necessary to develop efficient fungicides with novel chemotypes. RESULTS: A series of novel quinazolin-6-ylcarboxylates which combined the structures of pyridine or heterocyclic motif and the N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)quinazolin-4-amine moiety, a binding group of ATP-binding site of gefitinib, were evaluated for their fungicidal activity on different phytopathogenic fungi. Most of these compounds showed excellent fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinerea and Exserohilum rostratum, especially compound F17 displayed the highest activity with EC50 values as 3.79 µg mL-1 against B. cinerea and 2.90 µg mL-1 against E. rostratum, which was similar to or even better than those of the commercial fungicides, such as pyraclostrobin (EC50 , 3.68, 17.38 µg mL-1 ) and hymexazol (EC50 , 4.56, 2.13 µg mL-1 ). Moreover, compound F17 significantly arrested the lesion expansion of B. cinerea infection on tomato detached leaves and strongly suppressed grey mold disease on tomato seedlings in greenhouse. The abilities of compound F17 to induce cell apoptosis of the non-germinated spores, to limit oxalic acid production, to reduce malate dehydrogenase (MDH) expression, and to block the active pocket of MDH protein were demonstrated in B. cinerea. CONCLUSION: The novel quinazolin-6-ylcarboxylates containing ATP-binding site-directed moiety, especially compound F17, could be developed as a potential fungicidal candidate for further study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Fungicidas Industriais , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Botrytis , Esporos Fúngicos , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery segmentectomy is increasingly being used to resect peripheral small lung cancer. However, to manage some lesions which locate between segment deep inside the parenchyma is still challenging. Generally, wedge resection and segmentectomy are optional for peripheral small lung cancer. However, it is hard to achieve safe surgical margins if the lesion is located in the segment plane deep inside the parenchyma, especially close to the segment hilum. In that situation, lobectomy and bi-segmentectomy are usually performed for the sake of safe margins with the price of excessive normal lung tissue lost. To ensure safe surgical margins and preserve normal lung tissue as far as possible, combined subsegmentectomy is feasible and it is required precise preoperative plan including surgical margin delineation, bronchi and vessels variation and surgical procedure. The variation of bronchi and segment vein in our current case are rare and the branching pattern of pulmonary artery-inferior trunk (Tr.inf) is firstly reported in our case. Case Description: In 2019, a 41-year-old female presented to the Thoracic Clinic with a history of a 7-mm sized, mixed-density ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the right upper lobe. The lesion located in the segmental plane between S3b and S1b deep inside the parenchyma. We performed precise preoperative planning with 3-dimension pulmonary bronchi and vessels reconstruction and resected RS3b + S1bi via single-port approach. The patient was discharged from hospital on the 5th postoperative day without any complications. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans in the 12th and 24th months after surgery showed good lung recovery, and no atelectasis or pulmonary congestion was observed. Notably, we observed a new branching pattern of A1b, which came from the inferior trunk, combined with A3a. Additionally, we performed a literature review to analyze the variation patterns of segmental structures in the right upper lobe, and the indications, effects, and safety of combined subsegmentectomy. Conclusions: Our case and review of literature showed that combined subsegmentectomy was feasible for lesion deep inside parenchyma if a detailed preoperative plan and delicate procedures during surgery were implemented.
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Segmentectomy has played a crucial role in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer after the publication of JCOG0802, which indicated that patients with small-sized peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer could receive better survival from segmentectomy than lobectomy despite a higher local recurrence. The intraoperative identification of the intersegmental plane ensures complete resection of the lesion with sufficient margin so that it is deemed as the critical part of segmentectomy. Diverse methods have been developed to acquire distinguishable and lasting borderline between segments, but none of them is proved perfect. In this review, we searched and classified these techniques that emerged from the beginning when segmentectomy was used for bronchiectasis until now. Comparisons between different ways in mechanisms, facility, and safety were made to depict a comprehensive landscape for surgeons to select fit one. Furthermore, we presented our vision for the future of intersegmental plane identification.
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Cardiotocography (CTG) monitoring is an important medical diagnostic tool for fetal well-being evaluation in late pregnancy. In this regard, intelligent CTG classification based on Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) signals is a challenging research area that can assist obstetricians in making clinical decisions, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of pregnancy management. Most existing methods focus on one specific modality, that is, they only detect one type of modality and inevitably have limitations such as incomplete or redundant source domain feature extraction, and poor repeatability. This study focuses on modeling multimodal learning for Fetal Distress Diagnosis (FDD); however, exists three major challenges: unaligned multimodalities; failure to learn and fuse the causality and inclusion between multimodal biomedical data; modality sensitivity, that is, difficulty in implementing a task in the absence of modalities. To address these three issues, we propose a Multimodal Medical Information Fusion framework named MMIF, where the Category Constrained-Parallel ViT model (CCPViT) was first proposed to explore multimodal learning tasks and address the misalignment between multimodalities. Based on CCPViT, a cross-attention-based image-text joint component is introduced to establish a Multimodal Representation Alignment Network model (MRAN), explore the deep-level interactive representation between cross-modal data, and assist multimodal learning. Furthermore, we designed a simple-structured FDD test model based on the highly modal alignment MMIF, realizing task delegation from multimodal model training (image and text) to unimodal pathological diagnosis (image). Extensive experiments, including model parameter sensitivity analysis, cross-modal alignment assessment, and pathological diagnostic accuracy evaluation, were conducted to show our models' superior performance and effectiveness.
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Background: The fifth intercostal space is the preferred approach during uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. However, managing the right middle lobe pulmonary vein (RML PV) through this approach is technically challenging for inexperienced surgeons. To facilitate the surgical procedure, we describe our surgical strategy for managing the middle lobe vein via the fifth intercostal space and define the approach [subcarinal triangular right base angle (SCT-RBA)] utilized to manage the middle lobe vein. Case Description: Based on the characteristics of uniportal surgery, we designed a new method of managing middle lobar veins via the fifth intercostal approach, which also facilitates the dissection of the subcarinal lymph nodes. We described the short-term surgical outcomes of 7 patients who underwent single-port middle lobe resection from January 2021 to January 2022 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. No conversion and mortality were observed in 7 patients who underwent single-port VATS middle lobe resection. One patient had bronchial asthma and air leakage, which led to delayed drainage and hospitalization. There were no complications or delayed discharge reported among the other patients. Conclusions: Our initial results indicate that this new technique is a feasible strategy to manage the middle lobe veins and facilitate the dissection of subcarinal lymph nodes.
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Low melting point liquid metal alloys are progressively utilized in different research fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. Among them, EGaIn is liquid at room temperature with an excellent solubility for reactive metal atoms such as Al. Combined with their characteristic flexible surface, large area and atomically flat interfaces, a library of two-dimensional materials can be generated. Liquid metal synthesis routes provide a highly reproducible thickness of nanosheets with fast, simple, scalable, inexpensive, high yield and non-toxic methods, especially for Al oxides and hydroxides. At the same time, Al-based heterojunction structure also shows a good application prospect in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption, therefore, the use of liquid metal synthesis methods to find the synthesis methods of Al-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) and its derivatives remains to be explored. In this work, EGaIn was used as an aluminum reservoir to prepare LDH and metal organic framework (MOFs) nano-arrays. The prepared CoAl-LDH@ZIF 67 can be transformed into CoAl-LDO@Co-C in the subsequent annealing process performed under nitrogen environments. Interestingly, a series of samples with different morphologies can be obtained by changing the synthesis parameters. The excellent electromagnetic wave interactions are fully characterized. It has an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.48â¯GHz at 2.6â¯mm. The findings demonstrated in this work pave the way for the application of lightwave and ductile complex nanoarrays obtained from liquid metals.
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Insecticides are more broadly known to affect insect cellular immunity, but the components in hemocytes and their response to insecticide stress are still unknown. In this paper, a method based on trifluoroacetic acid extraction, followed by IC-CD/ESI-MS analysis, was developed to simultaneously determine tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites and anion components in hemocytes from Mythimna separata larvae. Validation gave excellent selectivity, recovery (88.7-107.6%), linear correlation (r2 > 0.9961), precision (<3.89%), LOD (0.002-0.006 mg/L), LOQ (0.006-0.020 mg/L), and a short chromatographic run. The method was verified by administration of 4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yl 3-(1,3-dioxoiso-indolin-2-yl) propanoate (QDP) or emamectin benzoate (EMB) to hemocytes in vitro and larvae in vivo. TCA metabolites including citrate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate, and anions including acetate, oxalate, chloride, carbonate, and sulfate were identified and clearly separated. QDP and EMB showed a biphasic dose effect on TCA metabolites, and the contrary hormesis paralleled the different actions of QDP and EMB. The inhibition or improvement of cellular immunity depended on the QDP concentration. In conclusion, a highly sensitive, reliable, and robust method was developed, enabling the monitoring of hemocyte immunity by the quantification of TCA metabolites and anion components in minute hemocyte samples.
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Hemócitos , Inseticidas , Animais , Ânions , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico , Imunidade Celular , LarvaRESUMO
Biosensors are essential components for effective healthcare management. Since biological processes occur on molecular scales, nanomaterials and nanosensors intrinsically provide the most appropriate landscapes for developing biosensors. Low-dimensional materials have the advantage of offering high surface areas, increased reactivity and unique physicochemical properties for efficient and selective biosensing. So far, nanomaterials and nanodevices have offered significant prospects for glucose sensing. Targeted glucose biosensing using such low-dimensional materials enables much more effective monitoring of blood glucose levels, thus providing significantly better predictive diabetes diagnostics and management. In this review, recent advances in using low dimensional materials for sensing glucose are summarized. Sensing fundamentals are discussed, as well as invasive, minimally-invasive and non-invasive sensing methods. The effects of morphological characteristics and size-dependent properties of low dimensional materials are explored for glucose sensing, and the key performance parameters such as selectivity, stability and sensitivity are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities that low dimensional materials can offer for glucose sensing are outlined.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Nanoestruturas , GlucoseRESUMO
Pyraclostrobin (PYR) is a commonly used strobilurin fungicide, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration at the ubiquinol oxidation center site of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Little information is available regarding the crystal structure of PYR on its fungicidal effect. In this study, the crystal structures of eight PYRs (PYR-A to H) from different sources are determined by using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and model construction with the Pawley refinement module. The effects of PYRs on mycelium growth, the kinetics of mycelial growth, conidial germination, and tube elongation of conidia of Botrytis cinerea from tomato are compared. The level of organic acids in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle of PYR-treated B. cinerea is analyzed. The results show that PYR-A to PYR-H have their own unique character of XRPD patterns, but the crystal morphology of eight PYRs presents in the triclinic crystal system and space group P1Ì . PYR-D with the eclipsed conformation and rational edge angles α (72.599°) and ß (98.612°) in the crystal cell shows the highest inhibitory effect against mycelium growth with EC50 as 3.383 µg mL-1, the best time-dependent effects on the mycelium growth kinetics, and the strongest inhibition on tube elongation of conidia, whereas PYR-E with anticonformation is the worst. Moreover, a significant accumulation of fumarate, malate, and oxalate in the PYR-D-treated mycelium is observed. These findings reinforce the need for a definite crystal structure of PYR to limit usage and mitigate future selection pressure for gray mold management.