High-Performance Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells by Self-Suppression of Intrinsic Defects via a Facile Solvent-Engineering Strategy.

Lead halide perovskite solar cells have been emerging as very promising candidates for applications in indoor photovoltaics. To maximize their indoor performance, it is of critical importance to suppress intrinsic defects of the perovskite active layer. Herein, a facile solvent-engineering strategy is developed for effective suppression of both surface and bulk defects in lead halide perovskite indoor solar cells, leading to a high efficiency of 35.99% under the indoor illumination of 1000 lux Cool-white light-emitting diodes. Replacing dimethylformamide (DMF) with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the perovskite precursor solvent significantly passivates the intrinsic defects within the thus-prepared perovskite films, prolongs the charge carrier lifetimes and reduces non-radiative charge recombination of the devices. Compared to the DMF, the much higher interaction energy between NMP and formamidinium iodide/lead halide contributes to the markedly improved quality of the perovskite thin films with reduced interfacial halide deficiency and non-radiative charge recombination, which in turn enhances the device performance. This work paves the way for developing efficient indoor perovskite solar cells for the increasing demand for power supplies of Internet-of-Things devices.

7-Hydroxyflavone improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by acting on STK24.

The escalating incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with a high-fat diet, leading to a decline in quality of life and significant health impairment. 7-Hydroxyflavone (7-HY) is a flavonoid known for its anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant effects. This study aims to assess the ameliorative effects of 7-HY on NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Oleic acid/palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cells and C57BL/6 mice on a high-fat diet were utilized as in vitro and in vivo models. In animal experiments, 7-HY was utilized as a dietary supplement. The 15-week in vivo experiment monitored body weight, body fat percentage, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and metabolic indexes. Commercial kits assessed triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels in cells, liver tissue, and blood. Discovery Studio identified potential targets of 7-HY, compared with NAFLD-associated targets in the GeneCards database. Results indicated 7-HY mitigated fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, 7-HY showed potential efficacy in ameliorating abnormal glucose metabolism and promoting energy metabolism. Reverse target finding and molecular docking demonstrated a robust interaction between 7-HY and serine/threonine kinase 24 (STK24). Subsequent experimental results confirmed 7-HY's ability to inhibit TG deposition in HepG2 cells through interaction with STK24. In conclusion, 7-HY demonstrated the capacity to alleviate high-fat diet-induced NAFLD, presenting a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

Characterization of Bacillus spp. isolated from the intestines of Rhynchocypris lagowskii as a potential probiotic and their effects on fish pathogens.

Probiotics sourced from fish intestinal microbiota have a merit over other bacterial sources due to colonization ability and effective time. This study aimed to evaluate the bacilli isolated from the Rhynchocypris lagowskii intestines and their validity as a probiotic. Three isolates were selected (LSG 2-5, LSG 3-7, and LSG 3-8) and defined by morphological and 16S rRNA analysis as Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Bacillus mojavensis, respectively. Results showed the strain tolerant abilities to gastrointestinal fluid, bile salt, pH, and temperature expotures. Additionally, all bacterial strains showed anti-pathogenic activity against at least four strains out of six tested pathogen strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella, and Aeromonas sobria). The bacterial strains also showed a high percentage of co-aggregation activity, more than 70%, with Aer. hydrophile, Staph. epidermidis, and Klebsiella aerogenes. At the same time, the results of competition, rejection, and substitution activity with Aer. hydrophila and Aer. veronii indicated the ability of the isolated strains to reduce the adhesion of pathogens to mucin. All strains showed safety properties, non-hemolytic, and sensitivity characteristics for most of tested antibiotics. In vivo test after injecting these strains into fish at various concentrations showed no side effects in the internal or external organs of fish compared to controls, proving that this is safe for these fish. Furthermore, the three strains produced lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes. The strains also showed bile salt hydrolase activity and biofilm formation, allowing them to tolerate stressful conditions. Conclusion: Based on these strains characteristics and features, they could be considered a promising candidate probiotic and can be used as an anti-pathogenic, especially in aquaculture.

Association analysis between reproduction genes INHA, PGR, RARG with lamb and other traits of Liaoning cashmere goats.

Reproductive traits have a high economic value in goat breeding, and increasing the number of lambs produced by ewes is of great importance to improve the production efficiency of goat farming. Lambing traits in goats are low heritability traits, but their genetic basis is ultimately determined by genes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between INHA, RARG, and PGR gene polymorphisms and production performance, such as lambing, cashmere production, milk production, and body size in Liaoning cashmere goats. A total of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci were identified in these three genes, G144A and T504C on the INHA gene, A56G, G144A, G490C on the RARG gene, and G109519T on the PGR gene. For lambing and cashmere production traits, the AA genotype of G144A on the INHA gene, TT on the T504C genotype, GG genotype of G144A on the INHA gene, A56G, G144A, and T504C on RARG and G109519T on PGR gene are dominant genotypes. AATT is a dominant haplotype combination. Allele G can be used as a molecular marker for lambing, cashmere, and milk production traits in Liaoning cashmere goats. Marker-assisted selection can be used for early selection to achieve improvement of genetic traits in Liaoning cashmere goats.

Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 on the intestinal barrier function of Amur minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii).

Probiotics are widely used in aquaculture. This article aims to study the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 on the intestinal barrier function of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 were added to R. lagowskii basal diets (CK) as additives at four concentrations: 1.0 × 106 (D-6), 1.0 × 107 (D-7), 1.0 × 108 (D-8) and 1.0 × 109 (D-9) CFU g-1 by dry weight of basal diet. After a 56-day feeding experiment, the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes and immunity-related enzymes of R. lagowskii on group D-6, D-7, D-8 and D-9 diet were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). In molecular experiments, the authors found that the levels of TGF-ß mRNA, IL-10 mRNA, ZO-1 mRNA and claudin-3 mRNA in group D-8 R. lagowskii were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control and other groups. Furthermore, the levels of IL-1ß and IL-8 mRNA of R. lagowskii on group D-6, D-7, D-8 and D-9 diet were significantly lower than those of the control (P < 0.05). In addition, the authors found that B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 can regulate the intestinal flora balance and improve the intestinal structure of R. lagowskii. In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 can improve the intestinal barrier function of R. lagowskii and can be used as a feed additive in aquaculture.

The Inhibitory Mechanism of 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Inhibitors of P21-Activated Kinase 4 through Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

The overexpression of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is associated with a variety of cancers. In this paper, the binding modes and inhibitory mechanisms of four 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine competitive inhibitors of PAK4 were investigated at the molecular level, mainly using molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. The results show that the inhibitors had strong interactions with the hinge region, the ß-sheets, and the residues with charged side chains around the 4-substituent. The terminal amino group of the inhibitor 5n was different from the other three, which could cause the enhancement of hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions formed with the surrounding residues. Thus, inhibitor 5n had the strongest inhibition capacity. The different halogen atoms on the 2-substituents of the inhibitors 5h, 5g, and 5e caused differences in the positions of the 2-benzene rings and affected the interactions of the hinge region. It also affected to some extent the orientations of the 4-imino groups and consequently their affinities for the surrounding charged residues. The combined results lead to the weakest inhibitory capacity of inhibitor 5e.

Controllable Acceleration and Deceleration of Charge Carrier Transport in Metal-Halide Perovskite Single-Crystal by Cs-Cation Induced Bandgap Engineering.

Charge carrier transport in materials is of essential importance for photovoltaic and photonic applications. Here, the authors demonstrate a controllable acceleration or deceleration of charge carrier transport in specially structured metal-alloy perovskite (MACs)PbI3 (MA= CH3 NH3 ) single-crystals with a gradient composition of CsPbI3 /(MA1- x Csx )PbI3 /MAPbI3 . Depending on the Cs-cation distribution in the structure and therefore the energy band alignment, two different effects are demonstrated: i) significant acceleration of electron transport across the depth driven by the gradient band alignment and suppression of electron-hole recombination, benefiting for photovoltaic and detector applications; and ii) decelerated electron transport and thus improved radiative carrier recombination and emission efficiency, highly beneficial for light and display applications. At the same time, the top Cs-layer results in hole localization in the top layer and surface passivation. This controllable acceleration and deceleration of electron transport is critical for various applications in which efficient electron-hole separation and suppressed nonradiative electron-hole recombination is demanded.

The effect of adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 in diets on the growth, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance of Rhynchocypris lagowskii.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 on the growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. Fish were fed with the feed containing five levels such as 0, 1.0 × 106, 1.0 × 107, 1.0 × 108, and 1.0 × 109 CFU/g of the B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 for 56 days. After 56 days of feeding, twenty four fish were randomly selected to test various growth, immune and antioxidant parameters. Ten fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days; the mortality rate was recorded 14 days after infection. The results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 could significantly increase the growth parameters of R. lagowskii's, such as final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency (p < 0.05). Further examination revealed the activity of antioxidant enzymes, Nrf-2 mRNA, and Keap-1 mRNA gene expression in the intestine and liver, and the serum immune index of R. lagowskii in the 1.0 × 108 CFU/g were all significantly higher compared to the other groups. Furthermore, fish fed a diet supplemented with B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) post-challenge mortality rate than the control fish. In summary, the research results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 could improve the growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance of R. lagowskii and be used in aquaculture.

Periodic nanostructures: preparation, properties and applications.

Periodic nanostructures, a group of nanomaterials consisting of single or multiple nano units/components periodically arranged into ordered patterns (e.g., vertical and lateral superlattices), have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties that offer a huge potential for a multitude of applications in energy conversion, electronic and optoelectronic applications. Recent advances in the preparation strategies of periodic nanostructures, including self-assembly, epitaxy, and exfoliation, have paved the way to rationally modulate their ferroelectricity, superconductivity, band gap and many other physical and chemical properties. For example, the recent discovery of superconductivity observed in "magic-angle" graphene superlattices has sparked intensive studies in new ways, creating superlattices in twisted 2D materials. Recent development in the various state-of-the-art preparations of periodic nanostructures has created many new ideas and findings, warranting a timely review. In this review, we discuss the current advances of periodic nanostructures, including their preparation strategies, property modulations and various applications.

Dietary supplementation of two indigenous Bacillus spp on the intestinal morphology, intestinal immune barrier and intestinal microbial diversity of Rhynchocypris lagowskii.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary administration of two indigenous Bacillus (A: basal control diet; B: 0.15 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis; C: 0.1 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis and 0.05 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis; D: 0.05 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis and 0.1 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis; E: 0.15 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis) on the digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, intestinal immune and barrier-related genes relative expression levels, and intestinal flora of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. The results showed that the fold height, lamina propria width, and muscle layer thickness of midgut and hindgut in group C were significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.05). The activities of protease, amylase, and lipase in group C were significantly higher than those of group A (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of IL-1ß and IL-8 in the intestine of group C were significantly downregulated, and the relative expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-ß were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of Claudin-2 in group A significantly increased and the relative expression levels of Claudin-4 in group A significantly reduced compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of ZO-1 in groups C and D were significantly higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05). The Bacillus in the intestine of group C has the highest relative abundance among all groups. Overall, it can generally be concluded that dietary supplementation of indigenous Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (group C) can improve the intestinal morphology, digestion, and absorption enzyme activities, enhance intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function, and maintain the intestinal microbial balance of R. lagowskii.

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI Image Characteristics and Radiomics Characteristics Combined with Machine Learning for Assessment of Functional Liver Reserve.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of image characteristics and radiomics combined with machine learning based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for functional liver reserve assessment in cirrhotic patients. Materials and Methods 123 patients with cirrhosis were retrospectively analyzed; all our patients underwent pre-contrast MRI, triphasic (arterial phase, venous phase, equilibrium phase) Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhancement and hepatobiliary phase (20 minutes delayed). The relative enhancement (RE) of the patient's liver, the liver-spleen signal ratio in the hepatobiliary phase (SI liver/ spleen), the liver-vertical muscle signal ratio in the hepatobiliary phase (SI liver/ muscle), the bile duct signal intensity contrast ratio (SIR), and the radiomics features were evaluated. The support vector machine (SVM) was used as the core of machine learning to construct the liver function classification model using image and radiomics characteristics, respectively. RESULTS: The area under the curve was the largest in SIR to identify Child-Pugh group A versus Child-Pugh group B+C in the image characteristics, AUC = 0.740, and Perc. 10% to identify Child-Pugh group A versus Child-Pugh group B+C in the radiomics characteristics, AUC = 0.9337. The efficacy of the SVM model constructed using radiomics characteristics was better, with an area under the curve of 0.918, a sensitivity of 95.45%, a specificity of 80.00%, and an accuracy of 89.19%. CONCLUSION: The image and radiomics characteristics based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can reflect liver function, and the model constructed based on radiomics characteristics combined with machine learning methods can better assess functional liver reserve.

Retrospective study of patellar fractures and damage of accessory soft tissue based on MRI.

BACKGROUND: To better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of patellar fractures, MRI was utilized to identify the imaging signs of various types of patellar fractures. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using MRI images of 52 patients with patellar fractures. Observing the development of patellar and femoral morphology and the imaging manifestations of different fracture types, such as fracture displacement, and damage to accessory ligaments, tendons, and meniscus, type of joint cavity effusion, and damage to surrounding accessory bones were identified. RESULTS: There were 21 tangential fractures (40.4%), 8 transverse fractures (15.4%), 8 longitudinal fractures (15.4%), 4 oblique fractures (7.7%), and 11 comminuted fractures (21.2%) among the 52 patients with patellar fracture. Tangential fractures begin at a younger age than the other four forms of fractures. When tangential fractures were compared to other types of fractures, medial patellar retinaculum and anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injuries were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The detection rate of trochlear dysplasia, type II and type III patellar was higher in patients with tangential fractures than in other fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Tangential fractures are less common to cause anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injuries than other types of fractures, but they are more likely to cause medial patellar retinaculum injuries.

Correction: Neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes of the benzene tetraanion.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4SC02491E.].

Neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes of the benzene tetraanion.

Rare-earth metal complexes of the parent benzene tetraanion and neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal arene complexes have remained elusive. Here, we report the first neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes of the parent benzene tetraanion supported by a monoanionic ß-diketiminate (BDI) ligand. Reduction of the trivalent rare-earth metal diiodide precursors (BDI)MI2(THF) (BDI = HC(C(Me)N[C6H3-(3-pentyl)2-2,6])2; M = Y, 1-Y; M = Sm, 1-Sm) in benzene or para-xylene by potassium graphite yielded the neutral inverse-sandwich rare-earth metal arene complexes [(BDI)M(THF) n ]2(µ-η6,η6-arene) (M = Y, Sm; arene = benzene, 2-M; arene = para-xylene, 3-M). Single crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic and magnetic characterization studies, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that these neutral rare-earth metal arene complexes possess an [M3+-(arene)4--M3+] electronic structure with strong metal-arene δ interactions. The arene exchange reactivity shows that 2-Sm has higher stability than 3-Sm. Furthermore, 2-Sm can behave as a four-electron reductant to reduce unsaturated organic substrates. Particularly, while the reaction of 2-Sm with 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) yielded (BDI)Sm(η8-COT) (4-Sm), 2-Sm reacted with 1,4-diphenylbutadiyne to afford (BDI)Sm(η4-C4Ph2) (5-Sm), the first rare-earth metallacyclopentatriene complex.

Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Asiaticoside on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Yellow-Feathered Chickens.

Excessive abdominal fat deposition in chickens is a major concern in the poultry industry. Nutritional interventions are a potential solution, but current options are limited. Asiaticoside (Asi), a herbal extract, has shown positive effects in animals, but its impact on poultry lipid metabolism is still unknown. In this study, the effects of dietary Asi on yellow-feathered chicken lipid metabolism and its potential mechanisms were investigated. A total of 120 chickens were randomly divided into three groups, with five replicates per group and 8 chickens per replicate. The chickens were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.01, or 0.05% Asi for 6 wk. The results showed that Asi down-regulated lipogenic gene expression and up-regulated lipid-breakdown-related genes in both the liver and fat tissues of the chickens, which resulted in a half reduction in abdominal fat while not affecting meat yield. Mechanistically, the hepatic and adipose PI3K/AKT pathway may be involved in Asi-induced fat loss in chickens as revealed by computer-aided reverse drug target prediction and gene expression analysis. Moreover, Asi ingestion also significantly modified the cecal microbiota of the chickens, resulting in a reduced Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and decreased abundance of bacteria positively correlated with abdominal fat deposition such as Ruminococcus, while increasing the abundance of bacteria inversely correlated with abdominal fat deposition such as Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Blautia. Collectively, these data suggest that Asi could ameliorate the abdominal fat deposition in yellow-feathered chickens, probably through modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and gut microbiota function.

Primary cutaneous ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK-ALCL) is a rare CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a low incidence of ALK-ALCL, which mainly involves lymph nodes and, in a minority of patients, extra-nodal tissues. The etiology is unknown, and the incidence is higher in males. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of primary cutaneous ALK-ALCL. On light microscopy, the cells showed marked heterogeneity with abundant cytoplasm and numerous nuclear schizonts, and immunohistochemistry showed large mesenchymal cells strongly positive for CD30 and negative for ALK gene products. Magnetic resonance imaging showed nodular shadows with low T1 signal and high T2 signal. Follow-up was six months and no recurrence was seen. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: PC-ALCL is prevalent on the trunk, face and extremities. Its clinical manifestations are inert, presenting as isolated or limited reddish-brown papules, nodules, or swellings of human skin, single or multiple, with advanced ulcerative lesions with central necrosis and dyke-like elevated margins, and some lymph node involvement. Histopathology showed diffuse infiltration of tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm, pronounced nuclear fission, and marked vascular centrality of the tumor infiltrate. PC-ALCL should be distinguished from systemic ALCL. CONCLUSION: PC-ALCL has a low incidence rate and is characterized by recurrent recurrence, and the site of the lesion and the extent of injury are the main factors affecting the prognosis. Relevant imaging examinations help to identify the extent of involvement and depth of invasion of this disease, and play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

5-Methoxyflavone ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through targeting the cytochrome P450 1A1.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent liver disease that is closely related to obesity and metabolic disorders. 5-methoxyflavone (5-MF) is a flavonoid with DNA polymerase-ß inhibitory properties. In this study, we explored the effects of 5-MF on NAFLD and its potential mechanisms using oleic acid/palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells and high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Our results showed that 5-MF not only alleviated fat deposition and hepatic steatosis, but also improved oxidative damage. In addition, 5-MF has the effect of alleviating disorders of glucose metabolism and enhancing energy expenditure in HFD-induced obese mice. Mechanistically, reverse screening methods and molecular docking analysis were used in combination, and revealed that cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is the target for 5-MF. Further experiments showed that 5-MF ameliorated triglycerides deposition by inhibiting the enzyme activity and protein expression of CYP1A1. In conclusion, 5-MF provides a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of high-fat-induced NAFLD.

Characterization of two novel highly active glycoside hydrolase family 53 endo-1,4-ß-galactanases and their synergism with other carbohydrases in plant polysaccharide decomposition.

Two novel Bacillus glycoside hydrolase family 53 (GH53) endo-1,4-ß-galactanases (Bs936 and Bs4828) were identified. The recombinant Bs936 and Bs4828 displayed maximal activities at pH 5.5/55 °C and pH 6.5/65 °C, respectively. Stability analyses revealed that the enzymes were stable between pH 4.5-10, retaining over 80% activities after 12 h incubation at 25 °C. Moreover, Bs936 maintained about 75% activity after being treated at 45 °C for 2 h, while Bs4828 kept full activity after 4 h of incubation at 50 °C. Importantly, Bs936 and Bs4828 exhibited good activity towards ß-1,4-galactan, showing specific activities of 1859.46- and 3110.79 U/mg towards potato galactan, respectively. The corresponding Km and kcat/Km were 4.93 mg/mL and 296.35 mL/mg/s for Bs936, and 6.60 mg/mL and 707.12 mL/mg/s for Bs4828. Extensive synergy assays revealed that each endo-1,4-ß-galactanase acted synergistically with the other ß-galactosidase (Bs937 or Bs4829), endo-1,5-α-L-arabinosidase (BsAbn2) and an endoxylanase/endoglucanase+cellulase mixture (BaXynA + LsCel) towards the hydrolysis of galactan, debranched arabinan/arabinan, and pretreated corn stover, respectively. The corresponding degrees of synergy were 1.28, 1.17/1.09, and 1.15 for Bs486 and 1.55, 1.04/1.08, and 1.11 for Bs4828, respectively. This study expands the repertoire of GH53 enzymes, and demonstrates the role of two highly active endo-1,4-ß-galactanases in polysaccharides hydrolysis.

Rhynchophylline relieves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating lipase and increasing energy metabolism.

Hepatic fat metabolism may be altered in the context of overnutrition and obesity, often resulting in the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes and leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Natural plant alkaloids have demonstrated great potential for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. However, the role of rhynchophylline (RHY) in lipid metabolism is not clear. We explored the role of RHY in lipid metabolism in cells treated with oleic and palmitic acids to mimic high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. RHY attenuated oleic and palmitic acid-induced increases in triglyceride accumulation in HepG2, AML12, and LMH cells. RHY also increased energy metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. We further investigated the effect of RHY on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice fed an HFD including 40 mg/kg RHY. RHY alleviated hepatic steatosis, reduced fat deposition, promoted energy metabolism, and improved glucose metabolism. We investigated the mechanism responsible for this activity by docking with key proteins of lipid metabolism disorders using Discovery Studio software, which showed that RHY interacted well with lipases. Finally, we found that adding RHY promoted lipase activity and lipolysis. In conclusion, RHY ameliorated HFD-induced NAFLD and its complications by increasing lipase activity.