Pre-Oxidation Strategy Transforming Waste Foam to Hard Carbon Anodes for Boosting Sodium Storage Performance.

Large reserves, high capacity, and low cost are the core competitiveness of disordered carbon materials as excellent anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). And the existence and improper treatment of a large number of organic solid wastes will aggravate the burden on the environment, therefore, it is significant to transform wastes into carbon-based materials for sustainable energy utilization. Herein, a kind of hard carbon materials are reported with waste biomass-foam as the precursor, which can improve the sodium storage performance through pre-oxidation strategy. The introduction of oxygen-containing groups can promote structural cross-linking, and inhibit the melting and rearrangement of carbon structure during high-temperature carbonization that produces a disordered structure with a suitable degree of graphitization. Moreover, the micropore structure are also regulated during the high-temperature carbonization process, which is conducive to the storage of sodium ions in the low-voltage plateau region. The optimized sample as an electrode material exhibits excellent reversible specific capacity (308.0 mAh g-1) and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE, 90.1%). In addition, a full cell with the waste foam-derived hard carbon anode and a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode is constructed with high ICE and energy density. This work provides an effective strategy to conversion the waste to high-value hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries.

[Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease With Slow Progression:Report of One Case].

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(sCJD)is a prion-caused degenerative disease of the central nervous system,with the typical clinical manifestation of rapidly progressive dementia.The course of disease is less than 1 year in most patients and more than 2 years in only 2% to 3% patients.We reported a case of sCJD with expressive language disorder and slow progression in this paper.By summarizing the clinical manifestations and the electroencephalograhpy,MRI,and pathological features,we aimed to enrich the knowledge about the sCJD with slow progression.

Carbon nanosphere synthesis and applications for rechargeable batteries.

Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) have attracted great interest in energy conversion and storage technologies due to their excellent chemical and thermal stability, high electrical conductivity and controllable size structure characteristics. In order to further improve the energy storage properties, many efforts have been made to design suitable nanocarbon spherical materials to improve electrochemical performance. In this overview, we summarize the recent research progress on CNSs, mainly focusing on the synthesis methods and their application as high-performance electrode materials in rechargeable batteries. As for the synthesis methods, hard template methods, soft template methods, the extension of the Stöber method, hydrothermal carbonization, aerosol-assisted synthesis are described in detail. In addition, the use of CNSs as electrodes in energy storage devices (mainly concentrated on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are also discussed in detail in this article. Finally, some perspectives on the future research and development of CNSs are provided.

Achieving All-Plateau and High-Capacity Sodium Insertion in Topological Graphitized Carbon.

Hard carbon anodes with all-plateau capacities below 0.1 V are prerequisites to achieve high-energy-density sodium-ion storage, which holds promise for future sustainable energy technologies. However, challenges in removing defects and improving the insertion of sodium ions head off the development of hard carbon to achieve this goal. Herein, a highly cross-linked topological graphitized carbon using biomass corn cobs through a two-step rapid thermal-annealing strategy is reported. The topological graphitized carbon constructed with long-range graphene nanoribbons and cavities/tunnels provides a multidirectional insertion of sodium ions whilst eliminating defects to absorb sodium ions at the high voltage region. Evidence from advanced techniques including in situ XRD, in situ Raman, and in situ/ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that the sodium ions' insertion and Na cluster formation occurred between curved topological graphite layers and in the topological cavity of adjacent graphite band entanglements. The reported topological insertion mechanism enables outstanding battery performance with a single full low-voltage plateau capacity of 290 mAh g-1 , which is almost 97% of the total capacity.

Short-term outcomes of neoadjuvant sintilimab with chemotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a case series.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy seems to be a promising treatment option for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sintilimab, as a programmed death receptor-1 inhibitor, has exhibited a fine performance in treating NSCLC. However, the efficiency of sintilimab combined with chemotherapy for stage IIIA/IIIB NSCLC remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to share our experience on sintilimab in neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for stage III NSCLC. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed patients who received surgical resection following 1-3 cycles of neoadjuvant sintilimab (200 mg) with chemotherapy for stage III NSCLC between June 2020 and March 2022 in our center. Patients characteristics, surgical factors, surgery-related complications 30 days postoperatively, and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) before surgery were recorded through reviewing medical record data and telephone follow-up. Results: A total of eight patients were enrolled, including six cases of squamous cell carcinoma and two cases of adenocarcinoma. All of the patients received 1-3 cycles of neoadjuvant therapy. There were no treatment-related surgical delays. All patients underwent lobectomy, among which two underwent sleeve lobectomy and one received bronchoplasty. Five patients underwent open thoracotomy. Fibrosis of the primary tumor and lymph nodes was observed in all the cases. There were no surgery-related complications > grade 2 at 30 days postoperatively. According to the radiographic findings, one patient had stable disease and all of the others achieved a partial response. The median of maximum standardized uptake value change from baseline was a 52.75% reduction (range, 37.2-68.8%). Five patients achieved a major pathological response. R0 resection was achieved in all eight cases. One grade 4 event was observed. Neutropenia was the most common TRAE > grade 2 (3/8). There were no cases of treatment discontinuation or dose reduction due to TRAEs. Conclusions: The current study found that neoadjuvant sintilimab plus chemotherapy bring a high rate of major pathological response and acceptable TRAEs. Even though it increased the difficulties of surgery, there is still no evidence suggesting that it will brings additional surgical death. We believe that neoadjuvant sintilimab plus chemotherapy might be feasible for stage III NSCLC.

Three-Field Lymphadenectomy in Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has been used widely for the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the extent of lymphadenectomy in MIE. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of three-field lymphadenectomy (3-FL) in MIE, compared with the standard two-field lymphadenectomy (2-FL). METHODS: A single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted, enrolling patients with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (cT1-3,N0-3,M0) between June 2016 and May 2019. Eligible patients were randomized into two groups to receive either 3-FL or 2-FL during MIE procedures. Perioperative outcomes of the two groups were compared. The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-INR-16007957). RESULTS: Seventy-six eligible patients were randomly assigned to the 3-FL group (n = 38) and the 2-FL group (n = 38). Compared with patients in the 2-FL group, patients in the 3-FL group had more lymph nodes harvested (54.7 ± 16.5vs 30.9 ± 9.6, P < .001) and more metastatic lymph nodes identified (3.5 ± 4.5 vs 1.7 ± 2.0, P = .027). Patients in the 3-FL group were diagnosed with a more advanced final pathologic TNM stage than patients in the 2-FL group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in blood loss, major postoperative complications, or duration of hospital stay, except that the operation time was longer in the 3-FL group than in the 2-FL group (270.5 ± 45.4 minutes vs 236.7 ± 47.0 minutes, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Three-field lymphadenectomy allowed harvesting of more lymph nodes and more accurate staging without increased surgical risks compared with 2-FL MIE for esophageal cancer.

Soft-Carbon-Coated, Free-Standing, Low-Defect, Hard-Carbon Anode To Achieve a 94% Initial Coulombic Efficiency for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Developing hard carbon with a high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and very good cycling stability is of great importance for practical sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Defects and oxygen-containing groups grown along either the carbon edges or the layers, however, are inevitable in hard carbon and can cause a tremendous density of irreversible Na+ sites, decreasing the efficiency and therefore causing failure of the battery. Thus, eliminating these unexpected defect structures is significant for enhancing the battery performance. Herein, we develop a strategy of applying a soft-carbon coating onto free-standing hard-carbon electrodes, which greatly hinders the formation of defects and oxygen-containing groups on hard carbon. The electrochemical results show that the soft-carbon-coated, free-standing hard-carbon electrodes can achieve an ultrahigh ICE of 94.1% and long cycling performance (99% capacity retention after 100 cycles at a current density of 20 mA g-1), demonstrating their great potential in practical sodium storage systems. The sodium storage mechanism was also investigated by operando Raman spectroscopy. Our sodium storage mechanism extends the "adsorption-intercalation-pore filling-deposition" model. We propose that the pore filling in the plateau area might be divided into two parts: (1) sodium could fill in the pores near the inner wall of the carbon layer; (2) when the sodium in the inner wall pores is close to saturation, the sodium could be further deposited onto the existing sodium.

Surgical treatment and prognosis of octogenarians with non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among elderly patients over 80 years. METHODS: The clinical data, surgical methods, perioperative management, postoperative complications and prognosis of 52 NSCLC patients aged over 80 years were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 52 cases, 27 had a long-term smoking history (51.9%) and 44 were with other diseases (84.6%). Lobectomy was done in 32 cases (65.4%), sub-lobectomy in 20 cases (38.5%), including pulmonary wedge resection in 16 cases (30.8%) and lung segment resection in 4 cases (7.7%). The postoperative complication rate was 44.2% (23/52); the complication rate after lobectomy was 62.5% (20/32) and that after sub-lobectomy was 25% (5/20), with significant difference between lobectomy and sub-lobectomy (P<0.05). Postoperative mortality was 3.8% (2/52). Pathological TNM staging: I a 27 cases (51.9%), I b 12 cases (23.1%), II a 8 cases (15.4%), II b 3 cases (5.8%) and III a 2 cases (3.8%). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate after operation was 87.1%, 59.8%, 19.1%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 86.0%, 61.8%, 21.5% in the patients after lobectomy; that was 89.0%, 58.3%, 18.7% in the patients after sub-lobectomy, with no significant difference between two surgical methods (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Octogenarians with NSCLC are often afflicted with comorbidity, so perioperative management is more complex. Strictly adhering to indications, surgery is still an important treatment of NSCLC patients over 80.