RESUMO
Exosome therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and achieves its therapeutic effects by regulating metabolic disorders, the microenvironment and cell homeostasis with the sustained release of microRNAs, proteins, and transcription factors. However, the rapid clearance and disruption of exosomes are the two major challenges for the application of exosome therapy in IVDD. Herein, a thermosensitive acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel coupled with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) exosomes (dECM@exo) that inherits the superior properties of nucleus pulposus tissue and ADSCs was fabricated to ameliorate IVDD. This thermosensitive dECM@exo hydrogel system can provide not only in situ gelation to replenish ECM leakage in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) but also an environment for the growth of NPCs. In addition, sustained release of ADSC-derived exosomes from this system regulates matrix synthesis and degradation by regulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibits pyroptosis by mitigating the inflammatory response in vitro. Animal results demonstrated that the dECM@exo hydrogel system maintained early IVD microenvironment homeostasis and ameliorated IVDD. This functional system can serve as a powerful platform for IVD drug delivery and biotherapy and an alternative therapy for IVDD.
Assuntos
Exossomos/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/tratamento farmacológico , Piroptose , Animais , Humanos , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/metabolismo , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/patologia , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 13 da Matriz/genética , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Núcleo Pulposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Pulposo/metabolismo , Ratos , Engenharia TecidualRESUMO
Numerous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the brain plasticity is associated with chronic low back pain (cLBP). However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms of thalamic pathways for chronic pain and psychological effects in cLBP caused by lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Combining psychophysics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we investigated the structural and functional brain plasticity in 36 patients with LDH compared with 38 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We found that (1) LDH patients had increased psychophysical disturbs (i.e., depression and anxiety), and depression (Beck-Depression Inventory, BDI) was found to be an outstanding significant factor to predict chronic pain (short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, SF-MPQ); (2) the LDH group showed significantly smaller fractional anisotropy values in the region of posterior corona radiate while gray matter volumes were comparable in both groups; (3) resting state functional connectivity analysis revealed that LDH patients exhibited increased temporal coupling between the thalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which further mediate the relationship from chronic pain to depression. Our results emphasized that thalamic pathways underlying prefrontal cortex might play a key role in regulating chronic pain and depression of the pathophysiology of LDH.
Assuntos
Dor Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Depressão/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal Dorsolateral/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Dor Crônica/fisiopatologia , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal Dorsolateral/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Lombar/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Medição da Dor/métodos , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe amplitude changes of low frequency fluctuation in brain spontaneous nervous activities induced by needling at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel, and to preliminarily explore the possible brain function network of Hand Taiyin Lung Channel. METHODS: By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 16 healthy volunteers underwent resting-state scanning (R1) and scanning with retained acupuncture at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel (acupuncture, AP). Data of fMRI collected were statistically calculated using amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF). RESULTS: Under R1 significantly enhanced ALFF occurred in right precuneus, left inferior parietal lobule, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus. Under AP significantly enhanced ALFF occurred in right precuneus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, and so on. Compared with R1, needing at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel could significantly enhance ALFF in right gyrus subcallosum and right inferior frontal gyrus. Significant decreased ALFF appeared in right postcentral gyrus, left precuneus, left superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and so on. CONCLUSION: Needing at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel could significantly change fixed activities of cerebral cortex, especially in right subcallosal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and so on.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The Chinese population has been aging rapidly and the country's economy has experienced exponential growth during the past three decades. The goal of this study was to estimate the changes in the prevalence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) among elderly Chinese individuals and to analyze differences between urban and rural areas. METHODS: For the years 2008 to 2009, we performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 years and older were drawn from 30 urban (n = 6096) and 45 rural (n = 4180) communities across China. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. Dementia, AD, and VaD were diagnosed according to established criteria via standard diagnostic procedures. RESULTS: The prevalence of dementia, AD, and VaD among individuals aged 65 years and older were 5.14% (95% CI, 4.71-5.57), 3.21% (95% CI, 2.87-3.55), and 1.50% (95% CI, 1.26-1.74), respectively. The prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones (6.05% vs. 4.40%, P < .001). The same regional difference was also seen for AD (4.25% vs. 2.44%, P < .001) but not for VaD (1.28% vs. 1.61%, P = .166). The difference in AD was not evident when the sample was stratified by educational level. Moreover, the risk factors for AD and VaD differed for urban and rural populations. CONCLUSIONS: A notably higher prevalence of dementia and AD was found in rural areas than in urban ones, and education might be an important reason for the urban-rural differences.
Assuntos
Demência/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Demência/classificação , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência Vascular/diagnóstico , Demência Vascular/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are limited in China. METHODS: Using a multistage cluster sampling design, a total of 10,276 community residents (6096 urban, 4180 rural) aged 65 years or older were evaluated and diagnosed with normal cognition, MCI, or dementia. MCI was further categorized by imaging into MCI caused by prodromal Alzheimer's disease (MCI-A), MCI resulting from cerebrovascular disease (MCI-CVD), MCI with vascular risk factors (MCI-VRF), and MCI caused by other diseases (MCI-O). RESULTS: The prevalences of overall MCI, MCI-A, MCI-CVD, MCI-VRF, and MCI-O were 20.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.0-21.6%), 6.1% (95% CI = 5.7-6.6%), 3.8% (95% CI = 3.4-4.2%), 4.9% (95% CI = 4.5-5.4%), and 5.9% (95% CI = 5.5-6.4%) respectively. The rural population had a higher prevalence of overall MCI (23.4% vs 16.8%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MCI in elderly Chinese is higher in rural than in urban areas. Vascular-related MCI (MCI-CVD and MCI-VRF) was most common.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Disfunção Cognitiva , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Povo Asiático , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Disfunção Cognitiva/classificação , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture at the whole points of Hand Jueyin pericardium meridian on the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of healthy people in resting state (R1) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Totally 16 healthy subjects received structure scan of T1 and T2. Then two fMRI scans were conducted for each participant. fMRI included the resting-state scan (R1; the scanning time was 8 min 6 s), the stimulating-acupoint scan (AP; the scanning time was 8 min 6 s). fMRI data acquisition from structure scanning and function scanning were processed with format conversion and statistical analysis. RESULTS: Under R1 state, brain regions with activated ALFF signals included bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, precuneus, superior temporal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus. Under the AP state, brain regions with activated ALFF signals were bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and declivis. Compared with R1 state, obvious difference of ALFF signal areas of the brain caused by acupuncture at pericardium were: bilateral cuneus, precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and right occipital lingual gyrus. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at the whole points of Hand Jueyin pericardium meridian could significantly change inherent activity states of the cerebral cortex, especially in bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and precuneus.
Assuntos
Acupuntura , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Pontos de Acupuntura , Mapeamento Encefálico , Lobo Frontal , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , PericárdioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Opposing needling is a unique method used in acupuncture therapy to relieve pain, acting on the side contralateral to the pain. Although opposing needling has been used to treat pain in various diseases, it is not clear how opposing needling affects the activity of the central nervous system to relieve acute pain. We herein present the protocol for a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial aiming to explore the cerebral mechanism of opposing needling for managing acute pain after unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: This is a randomized sham-controlled single-blind clinical trial. Patients will be allocated randomly to two parallel groups (A: opposing electroacupuncture group; B: sham opposing electroacupuncture group). The Yinlingquan (SP9), Yanglingquan (GB34), Futu (ST32), and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints will be used as the opposing needling sites in both groups. In group A, the healthy lower limbs will receive electroacupuncture, while in group B, the healthy lower limbs will receive sham electroacupuncture. At 72 h after unilateral TKA, patients in both groups will begin treatment once per day for 3 days. Functional magnetic resonance imaging will be performed on all patients before the intervention, after unilateral TKA, and at the end of the intervention to detect changes in brain activity. Changes in pressure pain thresholds will be used as the main outcome for the improvement of knee joint pain. Secondary outcome indicators will include the visual analogue scale (including pain during rest and activity) and a 4-m walking test. Surface electromyography, additional analgesia use, the self-rating anxiety scale, and the self-rating depression scale will be used as additional outcome indices. DISCUSSION: The results will reveal the influence of opposing needling on cerebral activity in patients with acute pain after unilateral TKA and the possible relationship between cerebral activity changes and improvement of clinical variables, which may indicate the central mechanism of opposing needling in managing acute pain after unilateral TKA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study on the brain central mechanism of opposing needling analgesia after total kneearthroplasty based on multimodal MRI ChiCTR2100042429 . Registered on January 21, 2021.
Assuntos
Dor Aguda , Artroplastia do Joelho , Eletroacupuntura , Pontos de Acupuntura , Dor Aguda/diagnóstico , Dor Aguda/etiologia , Dor Aguda/terapia , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Eletroacupuntura/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Manejo da Dor , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Método Simples-Cego , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Mechanical unloading-induced bone loss is a clinical challenge, and deep understanding for this disease is necessary for developing novel and effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, and involved in bone remodeling. In the study, we attempted to explore the potential of miR-133a in regulating osteoblast activation and its anti-osteopenia function both in vitro and in vivo. Our in vitro studies at first showed that miR-133a could significantly promote the expression of osteocalcin (OCN), Collagen I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osterix (Osx), promoting the activation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Then, hindlimb unloading (HU)-challenged mice were established with or without intravenous injection of agomir-miR-133a using an osteoblast-targeting delivery system. We found that miR-133a in osteoblasts significantly alleviated the bone loss, microstructural, and biomechanical property in mice with mechanical unloading, contributing to osteopenia alleviation. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that miR-133a could restrain osteoclastogenesis via tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In conclusion, our results suggested that miR-133a may be a promising factor in mediating the occurrence and progression of osteopenia caused by mechanical unloading, and thus targeting miR-133a could be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for the suppression of pathological osteopenia.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/patologia , Animais , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Fêmur/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/agonistas , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteogênese/genética , Microtomografia por Raio-XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanism of angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in the aged rats by observing the changes in expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transformation growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1). METHODS: Young Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were classified into groups by random digits table, and aged SD rats were stratified by different body weight. Rats were randomly divided into groups of sham operation, ischemia (I) 3 hours, I/R 1, 3, 6, 12 days, with 6 rats in each group. Focal cerebral I/R model was reproduced by intraluminal filament technique. Microvessel density (MVD) of brain tissue, sum area of lumens were observed, and the expressions of bFGF protein, TGF-ß1 protein and TGF-ß1 mRNA were assessed with immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ. RESULTS: MVD in young model group began to increase at I 3 hours, peaking at I/R 6 days, maintained up to I/R 12 days. MVD in aged model group began to descend at I 3 hours and continued to I/R 12 days. Sum area of lumens in young model group increased markedly at I/R 1 day, gradually lowered at I/R 1-6 days, and increased obviously again at I/R 12 days. Sum area of lumens in aged model group reached peak at I/R 1 day, gradually decreased subsequently. MVD in aged sham operation group were higher than that in young sham operation group (6.88±1.60 vs. 5.50±1.53, P<0.01). MVD and sum area of lumens in aged model group at I/R 1, 3, 6, 12 days were lower than young model group. Expressions of bFGF protein, TGF-ß1 protein in young and aged model group were both gradually up-regulated, all of them reaching peak at I/R 3 days, and lowered gradually at I/R 3-12 days subsequently. Expressions of bFGF protein (grey level) in both aged sham operation group and those of model group at I 3 hours, I/R 1, 3, 12 days were lower than those of young sham operation and those of the model group at the same time points (176.80±5.10 vs. 172.82±1.53, 171.81±2.43 vs. 167.85±2.41, 167.99±5.51 vs. 164.90±2.15, 152.98±4.11 vs. 150.75±1.11, 165.67±3.55 vs. 161.73±1.29, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Expressions of TGF-ß1 protein (grey level) in both aged sham operation and those of model group at I 3 hours, I/R 1, 3, 6, 12 days were all lower than those of young sham operation and those of model group at the same time points (182.69±3.12 vs. 176.13±4.08, 176.89±2.30 vs. 170.56±7.47, 171.74±2.70 vs. 165.43±2.91, 157.17±5.20 vs. 150.43±4.28, 161.72±4.81 vs. 155.37±2.92, 167.69±2.18 vs. 160.28±3.59, all P<0.01). TGF-ß1 mRNA expressions in both young model group and aged model group reached peak at I/R 1 day, gradually lowered subsequently. Expressions of TGF-ß1 mRNA (gray level) in both aged sham operation and those of model group at I 3 hours, I/R 3, 6, 12 days were lower than those of young sham operation and also model group at the same time points (176.51±9.52 vs. 169.09±5.08, 176.75±5.74 vs. 165.36±4.78, 177.33±5.68 vs. 165.25±8.14, 178.46±4.91 vs. 170.51±4.29, 203.95±4.51 vs. 181.98±5.59, all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Angiogenesis is obviously weak after cerebral I/R in the aged, and the mechanism of which might be related to the down-regulation of expressions of bFGF protein, TGF-ß1 protein and TGF-ß1 mRNA. Aging factor may be one of the main reasons which induce the down regulation of expressions mentioned above.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Envelhecimento , Animais , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Masculino , Neovascularização Patológica , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologiaRESUMO
In this study, we explore various regions of the brains of Alzheimer' s Disease (AD) patients before and after acupuncture treatment of acupoints in the brain in order to determine the effect, if any, of acupuncture on AD. Twenty-six patients with clinically-diagnosed AD underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while undergoing acupuncture at the four acupoints of Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40) and Taixi (KI 3). fMRI Block design paradigm was chosen by electroacupumcture interval stimulation, and the data of fMRI were analyzed by Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM 99). The result demonstrated that there were right main hemisphere activations (temporal lobe, such as hippocampal gyrus, insula, and some area of parietal lobe) and left activated regions (temporal lobe, parietal lobule, some regions of cerebellum). The activated regions induced by these acupoints were consistent with impaired areas in brain for AD patients, which were closely correlated with the cognitive function (memory, reason, language, executive, etc.). The present study provided the strong evidence that acupuncture had a potential effect on AD, and in partial revealed the mechanism.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Doença de Alzheimer/terapia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of acupoint thread embedding (ATE) in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) by means of brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Twenty-six patients with mild to moderate AD were assigned to the tested group and the control group in pairing, 13 in each group. ATE was performed in patients of the tested group at Shenmen (HT7), Fenglong (ST40), Taixi (KI3) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints, once every month for 6 times in total; but for patients of the control group only sham operation was done at the same acupoints. The correlation between cognitive ability and fMRI were assessed by comparing the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzhemer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive section (ADAS-Cog), monitored at two time points, namely, in one week before starting treatment and 1 week after terminating 6-month treatment. Furthermore, fMRI was detected to obtain the data of the cerebral blood oxygen content before treatment and 6 months after completing the 6-month therapeutic course. Correlation analysis was conducted on the obtained data using software SPM. RESULTS: After treatment, changes of MMSE score significently increased in the test group (P < 0.01) and decreased in the control group (P < 0.01), and ADAS-Cog decreased in the test group (P < 0.01) and increased in the control group (P < 0.05), showing statistical significance between the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The activated regions related with the change of MMSE were mainly inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, on the left cerebrum and superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, hippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, postcentral gyrus, paracentral lobule on the right cerebrum; those related with change of ADAS-Cog were superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, hippocampal gyrus on the left cerebrum, and superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, fusiform gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, middle occipital gyrus on the right cerebrum. CONCLUSION: ATE could improve the cognitive ability of AD patients, its possible mechanism may be through the activation on the cognition related regions of frontal, temporal lobe and marginal system, as well as those of cerebellum.
Assuntos
Pontos de Acupuntura , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Doença de Alzheimer/terapia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cognição , Terapia por Acupuntura , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Categute , Feminino , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , RadiografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the last decades, full-endoscopic techniques to treat lumbar disc herniation (LDH) have gained popularity in clinical practice. However, few studies have described the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) in treating younger patients with LDH. This study aims to evaluate the preliminary surgical outcome and complication of PTED in treating younger patients with LDH. METHODS: Between June 2012 and June 2016, 72 young patients (< 45 years old) who underwent PTED for single-level LDH were prospectively followed up. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months (range 12-35 months). Pain was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using the MacNab outcome scale. Clinical outcomes were measured preoperatively, at 2 days and 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean VAS score for back pain was 5.1 ± 2.3 preoperatively and 3.1 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.5, and 2.0 ± 0.7 at 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The VAS score for leg pain was 7.1 ± 2.6 preoperatively and 3.0 ± 1.1, 2.1 ± 1.3, and 1.9 ± 0.8 at 2 days, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. These postoperative scores were all significantly different when compared with preoperative scores (P < 0.001). According to the modified MacNab outcome scale, excellent was obtained in 43 patients, good was obtained in 25 patients, and fair was obtained in 4 patients, and 94.44% of these patients had excellent and good outcomes at the final follow-up. There were no complications related to surgery, and no spinal instability was detected. CONCLUSION: PTED appears to be an effective and safe intervention for younger patients with LDH. High-quality randomized controlled trials are required to further study the efficacy and safety of PTED in treating younger patients with LDH.
Assuntos
Discotomia Percutânea/métodos , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/complicações , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/patologia , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/complicações , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/patologia , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Satisfação do Paciente , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha), vascular cellular adhesive molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) and its mRNA expression, and the pathogenetic mechanism of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) in elderly. METHODS: Thirty six male young SD rats (5-6 months old) and 36 male aged SD rats (20-21 months old) were randomly divided into young sham operated group, young model group, aged sham operated group and aged model group, respectively. The two model groups were randomly divided into ischemia 3 hours (I 3 h), I/R 1, 3, 6, 12 days groups. There were 6 rats in each group. Focal cerebral I/R model was replicated with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The changes of the nervous dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution and the expression of TNF-alpha, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA were observed at each time point. RESULTS: The expression of TNF-alpha in the aged sham operated group were higher than that of the young sham operated group. The nervous dysfunction score (I 3 h and I/R 1-12 d), the water content of cerebral constitution (I/R 1-6 d), the expression of TNF-alpha (I 3 h and I/R 1-6 d), VCAM-1 (I 3 h and I/R 1 d), ICAM-1 (I 3 h and I/R 1-6 d) and ICAM-1 mRNA (I 3 h and I/R 1-12 d) in young model group and aged model group were higher than those of the young sham operated group and the aged sham operated group respectively. The nervous dysfunction score (I 3 h, I/R 6 d), the expression of TNF-alpha (I/R 1, 3 d), VCAM-1 (I/R 3, 6 d), ICAM-1 (I 3 h, I/R 1 d) and ICAM-1 mRNA (I/R 1-6 d) in aged model group were higher than that of young model group. CONCLUSION: The cerebral I/R injury is correlated with the up regulation of TNF-alpha, VCAM-1,ICAM-1 and its mRNA expression. The cerebral I/R injury of aged rats is more serious than that of young rats which might be associated with up regulation of TNF-alpha, adhesion molecules expression with aging.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Fatores Etários , Animais , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/biossíntese , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/genética , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/biossíntese , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of Naomaitong on inflammatory cascade response after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in aged rats. METHOD: We duplicated focal cerebral ischemia model with MCAO, with ischemia 3 h and I/R 1, 3, 6, 12 d points. The effect of Naomaitong on the nervous dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution and the expression of TNF-alpha, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and its mRNA were observed, and the group with nimodipine was as control. RESULT: The nervous dysfunction score (I/R1, 3, 6 d), the water content of cerebral constitution (all the time points), the expression of TNF-alpha, VCAM-1 (I 3 h, I/R 1, 3, 6 d), ICAM-1 (I 3 h,I/R 1, 3, 6 d) and its Mrna (all the time points) in model group were higher than those of the sham-operated group; The nervous dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution (I/R 3, 6, 12 d), the expression of TNF-alpha, VCAM-1 (I 3 h, I/R 1, 3 d), ICAM-1 and its mRNA (I 3 h, I/R 1, 3 d) in model group were decreased compared with that of model group. The nervous dysfunction score (I/R 6, 12 d), the expression of TNF-alpha, ICAM-1 (I/R 1d) and its mRNA (I/R 1, 3 d) in Naomaitong group were higher than that of Nimodipine group. CONCLUSION: Naomaitong could protect brain cell from damage after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of TNF-alpha, adhesion molecule.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/biossíntese , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/induzido quimicamente , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/genética , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/etiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Naomaitong Recipe, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on the expressions of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nitric-oxide synthases (NOSs) in brain tissue after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in aged rats and the dosage-effect relationship. METHODS: We adopted the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in aged rats as the focal cerebral ischemia model, with 3-hour ischemia and 12-day reperfusion, and observed the changes of the nerve dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution and the expressions of NF-kappaB, heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and NOSs in cerebral cortex. RESULTS: The nerve dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution, the expressions of NF-kappaB, HSP70, neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in the untreated group were higher than those of the sham-operated group. The nerve dysfunction score, the water content of cerebral constitution, the expressions of NF-kappaB, iNOS and nNOS were lower, while the expressions of HSP70 and eNOS were higher in the high-, medium- and low-dose Naomaitong-treated groups and nimodipine-treated group than those of the untreated-group. The nerve dysfunction score and the expression of nNOS were lower, while the expression of eNOS was higher in the medium-dose Naomaitong-treated group than those of the nimodipine-treated group. The expressions of HSP70 and eNOS were higher, while the other indices were lower in the medium-dose Naomaitong-treated group than those of the low-dose Naomaitong-treated group. CONCLUSION: Naomaitong Recipe can protect the brain cells from damage after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by adjusting the expressions of NF-kappaB, HSP70 and NOSs, and the medium-dose Naomaitong Recipe is more effective.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/prevenção & controle , NF-kappa B/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/biossíntese , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/complicações , Envelhecimento , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/biossíntese , Imuno-Histoquímica , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/etiologia , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/metabolismo , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the difference in the analgesic effect on primary dysmenorrheal between acupuncture and sham acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) during menstrual pain and evaluate the impact of psychological effect on acupuncture analgesia. METHODS: Sixty subjects were randomized into an acupuncture group and a sham acupuncture group, 30 cases in each one. The conventional acupuncture and sham acupuncture were applied to Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on bilateral sides when menstrual pain began to attack and needles were retained for 30 min each time. Three menstrual cycles were required. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to determine the scores before and 0. 5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after acupuncture during menstrual pain in each cycle separately. RESULTS: In the acupuncture group, VAS score at each time point after acupuncture was reduced as compared with that at the previous one during menstrual pain in each menstrual cycle, indicating the significant difference (all P<0. 05). In the sham acupuncture group, the scores in 6 h and 12 h of acupuncture were reduced as compared with the previous one, indicating the significant difference (all P<0. 05). After acupuncture, VAS score at each time point in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the sham acupuncture group (all P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: The conventional acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) achieves the significant analgesic effect on primary dysmenorrheal. The psychological placebo effect of sham acupuncture has no obvious impact on acupuncture analgesia.
Assuntos
Analgesia por Acupuntura , Pontos de Acupuntura , Dismenorreia/terapia , Terapia por Acupuntura , Adulto , Dismenorreia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Ciclo Menstrual , Efeito Placebo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine amplitude changes of low-frequency oscillations (fALFF) in the blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal associated with acupuncture on NeiGuan (PC6). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ten (10) healthy adults participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (i.e., nuclear medicine; fMRI) study. During the brain-imaging procedure, the participants were instructed to lie quietly; they did not perform any cognitive task. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three (3) fMRI scans were conducted for each participant: a first resting-state scan (R1), a stimulating-acupoint scan (AP), and a second resting-state scan (R2) after AP. Individual fALFF maps were calculated for each scan. RESULTS: During R1, consistent with previous studies, the default network regions showed significantly detectable fALFF amplitudes. Acupuncture on PC6 increased fALFF amplitudes within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), occipital fusiform gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus (PCC/PCU). In contrast, during R2, fALFF within PCC is still significantly higher than R1 while ACC and cerebellum showed decreased fALFF. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that stimulating PC6 can change the amplitude of the intrinsic cortical activity of the brain. In particular, a continuous and temporally consistent effect of acupuncture within PCC not the common brain circuit of pain including ACC and cerebellum was observed. Considering the cognitive functions and deficits of the relevant areas in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, acupuncture on PC6 could potentially affect both psychiatric and neurological disorders. Thus, stimulating PC6 may be a candidate method for improving cognitive impairment.
Assuntos
Pontos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/terapia , Descanso/fisiologia , Adulto , Sangue/metabolismo , Mapeamento Encefálico , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Projetos Piloto , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Spatial smoothing is typically used to denoise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Gaussian smoothing kernels, associated with heat equations or isotropic diffusion (ISD), are widely adopted for this purpose because of their easy implementation and efficient computation, but despite these advantages, Gaussian smoothing kernels blur the edges, curvature and texture of images. To overcome these issues, researchers have proposed anisotropic diffusion (ASD) and non-local means [i.e., diffusion (NLD)] kernels. However, these new filtering paradigms are rarely applied to MRI analyses. In the current study, using real degraded MRI data, we demonstrated the effect of denoising using ISD, ASD and NLD kernels. Furthermore, we evaluated their impact on three common preprocessing steps of MRI data analysis: brain extraction, segmentation and registration. Results suggest that NLD-based spatial smoothing is most effective at improving the quality of MRI data preprocessing and thus should become the new standard method of smoothing in MRI data processing.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Anisotropia , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Difusão , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição Normal , Reconhecimento Automatizado de Padrão/métodos , Imagens de Fantasmas , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To probe into an effective therapy for chronic pain of cervical intervertebral disc. METHODS: Sixty-six cases of chronic pain of cervical intervertebral disc were randomly divided into an acupoint sticking group and an acu puncture group, 33 cases in each group. The acupoint sticking group was treated with acupoint sticking therapy, and the acupuncture group with acupuncture. Tianding (LI 17), Futu (LI 18), Dazhui (GV 14), Tianzong (S 11), etc. were selected in the two groups. After treatment for 3 therapeutic courses, their therapeutic effects were observed. RESULTS: The effective rate was 93.5% in the acupoint sticking group and 72.4% in the acupuncture group, the former being better than the latter (P<0.05); in a 3-month following-up survey, the effective rate was 90.3% in the acupoint sticking group and 65.5% in the acupuncture group, the former being better than the latter (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The acupoint sticking therapy has an satisfactory therapeutic effect on chronic pain of cervical intervertebral disc.