RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been increasingly used in the treatment of refractory epilepsy with remarkable safety. Experimental data demonstrated that electric current could modulate distinct brain circuits and decrease neuronal hypersynchronization seen in epileptic activity. The ability to carefully choose the most suitable anatomical target and precisely implant the lead is of extreme importance for satisfactory outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This video aimed to explore the targeting of the three most relevant nuclei in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. TECHNIQUE: Through a step-by-step approach, this video describes the surgical planning for DBS implantation in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT), the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CM), and the hippocampus (HIP). CONCLUSION: Each of the discussed targets has its own pearls and pitfalls that should be considered for an adequate lead placement. Accurate planning of the surgical procedure is essential for achieving optimal results.