Establishment of the deuterium oxide dilution method as a new possibility for determining the transendothelial water permeability.

Increase in transendothelial water permeability is an essential etiological factor in a variety of diseases like edema and shock. Despite the high clinical relevance, there has been no precise method to detect transendothelial water flow until now. The deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution method, already established for measuring transepithelial water transport, was used to precisely determine the transendothelial water permeability. It detected appropriate transendothelial water flow induced by different hydrostatic forces. This was shown in four different endothelial cell types. The general experimental setup was verified by gravimetry and absorbance spectroscopy. Determination of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and immunocytochemical staining for proteins of the cell-cell contacts were performed to ensure that no damage to the endothelium occurred because of the measurements. Furthermore, endothelial barrier function was modulated. Measurement of transendothelial water flux was verified by measuring the TEER, the apparent permeability coefficient and the electrical capacity. The barrier-promoting substances cyclic adenosine monophosphate and iloprost reduced TEER and electrical capacity and increased permeability. This was accompanied by a reduced transendothelial water flux. In contrast, the barrier-damaging substances thrombin, histamine and bradykinin reduced TEER and electrical capacity, but increased permeability. Here, an increased water flow was shown. This newly established in vitro method for direct measurement of transendothelial water permeability was verified as a highly precise technique in various assays. The use of patient-specific endothelial cells enables individualized precision medicine in the context of basic edema research, for example regarding the development of barrier-protective pharmaceuticals.

Spatio-Temporal Study of Galactolipid Biosynthesis in Duckweed Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging and in vivo Isotope Labeling.

Isotope labeling coupled with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) presents a potent strategy for elucidating the dynamics of metabolism at cellular resolution, yet its application to plant systems is scarce. It has the potential to reveal the spatio-temporal dynamics of lipid biosynthesis during plant development. In this study, we explore its application to galactolipid biosynthesis of an aquatic plant, Lemna minor, with D2O labeling. Specifically, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MSI data of two major galactolipids in L. minor, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, were studied after growing in 50% D2O media over a 15-day time period. When they were partially labeled after 5 d, three distinct binomial isotopologue distributions were observed corresponding to the labeling of partial structural moieties: galactose only, galactose and a fatty acyl chain and the entire molecule. The temporal change in the relative abundance of these distributions follows the expected linear pathway of galactolipid biosynthesis. Notably, their mass spectrometry images revealed the localization of each isotopologue group to the old parent frond, the intermediate tissues and the newly grown daughter fronds. Besides, two additional labeling experiments, (i) 13CO2 labeling and (ii) backward labeling of completely 50% D2O-labeled L. minor in H2O media, confirm the observations in forward labeling. Furthermore, these experiments unveiled hidden isotopologue distributions indicative of membrane lipid restructuring. This study suggests the potential of isotope labeling using MSI to provide spatio-temporal details in lipid biosynthesis in plant development.

Subcutaneous deuterated substrate administration in mice: An alternative to tail vein infusion.

PURPOSE: Tail-vein catheterization and subsequent in-magnet infusion is a common route of administration of deuterium (2 H)-labeled substrates in small-animal deuterium (D) MR studies. With mice, because of the tail vein's small diameter, this procedure is challenging. It requires considerable personnel training and practice, is prone to failure, and may preclude serial studies. Motivated by the need for an alternative, the time courses for common small-molecule deuterated substrates and downstream metabolites in brain following subcutaneous infusion were determined in mice and are presented herein. METHODS: Three 2 H-labeled substrates-[6,6-2 H2 ]glucose, [2 H3 ]acetate, and [3,4,4,4-2 H4 ]beta-hydroxybutyrate-and 2 H2 O were administered to mice in-magnet via subcutaneous catheter. Brain time courses of the substrates and downstream metabolites (and semi-heavy water) were determined via single-voxel DMRS. RESULTS: Subcutaneous catheter placement and substrate administration was readily accomplished with limited personnel training. Substrates reached pseudo-steady state in brain within ∼30-40 min of bolus infusion. Time constants characterizing the appearance in brain of deuterated substrates or semi-heavy water following 2 H2 O administration were similar (∼15 min). CONCLUSION: Administration of deuterated substrates via subcutaneous catheter for in vivo DMRS experiments with mice is robust, requires limited personnel training, and enables substantial dosing. It is suitable for metabolic studies where pseudo-steady state substrate administration/accumulation is sufficient. It is particularly advantageous for serial longitudinal studies over an extended period because it avoids inevitable damage to the tail vein following multiple catheterizations.

Tracking lipid synthesis using 2H2O and 2H-NMR spectroscopy in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed with macroalgae.

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are used to upcycle biowaste into insect biomass for animal feed. Previous research on black soldier fly has explored the assimilation of dietary fatty acids (FAs), but endogenous FA synthesis and modification remain comparatively unexplored. This study presents a 1H/2H-NMR methodology for measuring lipid synthesis in black soldier fly larvae using diluted deuterated water (2H2O) as a stable isotopic tracer delivered through the feeding media. This approach was validated by measuring 2H incorporation into the larvae's body water and consequent labelling of FA esterified into triacylglycerols. A 5% 2H enrichment in the body water, adequate to label the FA, is achieved after 24 h in a substrate with 10% 2H2O. A standard feeding trial using an invasive macroalgae was designed to test this method, revealing de novo lipogenesis was lower in larvae fed with macroalgae, probably related to the poor nutritional value of the diet.

Effect of Solvent Properties on the Critical Solution Temperature of Thermoresponsive Polymers.

The ability of thermoresponsive polymers to respond to temperature with a reversible conformational change makes them promising 'smart' materials for solutions in medical and biotechnological applications. In this work, two such polymers and structural isomers were studied: poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNiPAm) and poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx). We compare the critical solution temperatures (CST) of these polymers in D2O and H2O in the presence of Hofmeister series salts, as results obtained under these different solvent conditions are often compared. D2O has a higher dipole moment and electronegativity than H2O, which could significantly alter the CST transition. We used two complementary methods to measure the CST, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and found that the CST decreased significantly in D2O compared to H2O. In the presence of highly concentrated kosmotropes, the CST of both polymers decreased in both solvents. The influence of the kosmotropic anions was smaller than the water isotope effect at low ionic strengths but considerably higher at physiological ionic strengths. However, the Hofmeister anion effect was quantitatively different in H2O than in D2O, with the largest relative differences observed for Cl-, where the CSTs in D2O decreased more than in H2O measured by DLS but less by DSC. PiPOx was more sensitive than PNiPAm to the presence of chaotropes. It exhibited much higher transition enthalpies and multistep transitions, especially in aqueous solutions. Our results highlight that measurements of thermoresponsive polymer properties in D2O cannot be compared directly or quantitatively to application conditions or even measurements performed in H2O.

Super-Resolution Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy with Graphical User Interface-Supported A-PoD.

Raman microscopy is a vibrational imaging technology that can detect molecular chemical bond vibrational signals. Since this signal is originated from almost every vibrational mode of molecules with different vibrational energy levels, it provides spatiotemporal distribution of various molecules in living organisms without the need for any labeling. The limitations of low signal strength in Raman microscopy have been effectively addressed by incorporating a stimulated emission process, leading to the development of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Furthermore, the issue of low spatial resolution has been resolved through the application of computational techniques, specifically image deconvolution. In this article, we present a comprehensive guide to super-resolution SRS microscopy using an Adam-based pointillism deconvolution (A-PoD) algorithm, complemented by a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). We delve into the crucial parameters and conditions necessary for achieving super-resolved images through SRS imaging. Additionally, we provide a step-by-step walkthrough of the preprocessing steps and the use of GUI-supported A-PoD. This complete package offers a user-friendly platform for super-resolution SRS microscopy, enhancing the versatility and applicability of this advanced microscopy technique to reveal nanoscopic multimolecular nature. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Super-resolution stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with graphical user interface-supported A-PoD Support Protocol: Deuterium labeling on cells with heavy water for metabolic imaging.

Important Constituents of Heavy Water-containing Solution for Cold Storage and Subsequent Reperfusion on an Isolated Perfused Rat Liver.

The University of Wisconsin (UW) solution is the most effective preservation solution currently used; however, to safely use expanded-criteria donor grafts, a new cold storage solution that alleviates graft injury more effectively is required. We prepared a heavy water (D2O)-containing buffer, Dsol, and observed strong protective effects during extended cold storage of rat hearts and livers. In the current study, we modified Dsol (mDsol) and tested its efficacy. The aim of the present study was to determine whether mDsol could protect the rat liver more effectively than the UW solution and to clarify the roles of D2O and deferoxamine (DFX). Rat livers were subjected to cold storage for 48 hours in test solutions: UW, mDsol, mDsol without D2O or DFX (mDsol-D2O[-], mDsol-DFX[-]), and subsequently reperfused on an isolated perfused rat liver for 90 minutes at 37°C. In the UW group, the liver was dehydrated during cold storage and rapidly expanded during reperfusion. Accordingly, the cumulative weight change was the highest in the UW group, together with augmented portal veinous resistance and ALT leakage and decreased oxygen consumption rate and bile production. These changes were significantly suppressed in the mDsol-treated group. In the mDsol-D2O(-) and mDsol-DFX(-) groups offered partial protection. In conclusion, mDsol appeared to be superior to the UW solution for simple cold storage of the rat liver, presumably due to improved microcirculation in the early phase of reperfusion. Both heavy water and deferoxamine are essential for alleviating seamless organ swelling that occurs during cold storage and subsequent reperfusion.

Numbers of Exchangeable Hydrogens from LC-MS Data of Heavy Water Metabolically Labeled Samples.

Labeling with deuterium oxide (D2O) has emerged as one of the preferred approaches for measuring the synthesis of individual proteins in vivo. In these experiments, the synthesis rates of proteins are determined by modeling mass shifts in peptides during the labeling period. This modeling depends on a theoretical maximum enrichment determined by the number of labeling sites (NEH) of each amino acid in the peptide sequence. Currently, NEH is determined from one set of published values. However, it has been demonstrated that NEH can differ between species and potentially tissues. The goal of this work was to determine the number of NEH for each amino acid within a given experiment to capture the conditions unique to that experiment. We used four methods to compute the NEH values. To test these approaches, we used two publicly available data sets. In a de novo approach, we compute NEH values and the label enrichment from the abundances of three mass isotopomers. The other three methods use the complete isotope profiles and body water enrichment in deuterium as an input parameter. They determine the NEH values by (1) minimizing the residual sum of squares, (2) from the mole percent excess of labeling, and (3) the time course profile of the depletion of the relative isotope abundance of monoisotope. In the test samples, the method using residual sum of squares performed the best. The methods are implemented in a tool for determining the NEH for each amino acid within a given experiment to use in the determination of protein synthesis rates using D2O.

Validating the utility of heavy water (Deuterium Oxide) as a potential Raman spectroscopic probe for identification of antibiotic resistance.

The impact of microbial infections is increasing over time, and it is one of the major reasons for death in both developed and developing countries. colistin is considered as the antibiotic of last choice for infections brought by major multidrug-resistant (MDR), gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacter species, Acinetobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Existing approaches to diagnose these resistant species are relatively slow and take up to 2 to 3 days. In this work, we propose a novel interdisciplinary method based on Raman spectroscopy and heavy water to identify colistin-resistant microbes. Our hypothesis is based on the fact that resistant bacteria will be metabolically active in the culture medium containing antibiotics and heavy water, and these bacteria will take up deuterium instead of hydrogen to newly synthesized lipids and proteins. This effect will generate a 'C - D' bond-specific Raman spectral marker. Successful identification of this band in the spectral profile can confirm the presence of colistin-resistant bacteria. We have validated the efficacy of this approach in identifying colistin-resistant bacteria spiked in artificial urine and have compared sensitivity at different bacterial concentrations. Overall findings suggest that heavy water can potentially serve as a suitable Raman probe for identifying metabolically active colistin-resistant bacteria via urine under clinically implementable time and can be used in clinical settings after validation.

Calidad de medición en investigación científica en contexto de gran altitud: a nivel atómico análisis estudio de interlaboratorios, oxido de deuterio por FTIR ­ 2021 / Quality of measurement in scientific research in a high-altitude context: at the atomic level interlaboratory study analysis, deuterium oxide by FTIR ­ 2021

Se presenta conceptos del saber hacer investigación científica asociada a la calidad de las mediciones, y dentro de ella sobre la calidad intrínseca de la medición de variables, dirigida a dos condiciones de la misma: la precisión y exactitud. Se describe formas de evaluación de la precisión como ser el coeficiente de variación y el error técnico de las mediciones. Por otro lado se describe formas de evaluación de la exactitud como son la regresión linear y el puntaje Z. También se sugieren y se describen las acciones y las herramientas para mejorar tanto la precisión como la exactitud. El análisis de agua enriquecida con oxido de deuterio, es una temática que fue tomada en cuenta por la Agencia Internacional de Energía Atómica (IAEA), Viena, Austria, en la gestión 2021, y se organizó una actividad mediante el "Estudio de Interlaboratorios, Oxido de Deuterio por FTIR ­ 2021". El propósito fue asegurar la calidad integral en la capacidad construida en el uso de técnicas de isotopos estables para la evaluación del estado de salud y nutricional. Así mismo, evaluar la calidad de medición de la exactitud relativa sobre el enriquecimiento del agua con óxido de deuterio en 43 laboratorios a nivel internacional, grupo en cual se incluyó al Laboratorio de Biología Atómica (LABA) de la Unidad de Crecimiento y Desarrollo (UCREDE). Se utilizó la regresión linear y el puntaje Z para evaluar la exactitud. Se concluye que los resultados demostraron un muy buen rendimiento en exactitud relativa con los equipos FTIR que midieron el enriquecimiento de deuterio en muestras de agua.

Concepts of knowing how to do scientific research associated with the quality of measurements are presented, and within it on the intrinsic quality of the measurement of variables, aimed at two conditions of the same: precision and accuracy. Forms of precision evaluation are described, such as the coefficient of variation and the technical error of the measurements. On the other hand, forms of accuracy evaluation are described, such as linear regression and Z-score. Actions and tools to improve both precision and accuracy are also suggested and described. The analysis of water enriched with deuterium oxide is a topic that was taken into account by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria, in the 2021 management, and an activity was organized through the Interlaboratory Study, Deuterium Oxide by FTIR ­ 2021. The purpose was to ensure comprehensive quality in the capacity built in the use of stable isotope techniques for the evaluation of health and nutritional status. Likewise, to evaluate the quality of measurement of the relative accuracy of the enrichment of water with deuterium oxide in 43 laboratories at the international level, a group that included the Atomic Biology Laboratory (LABA) of the Growth and Development Unit (UCREDE ). Linear regression and Z-score were used to assess accuracy. It is concluded that the results demonstrated a very good performance in relative accuracy with the FTIR equipment that measured deuterium enrichment in water samples.

Nutritional status in children with cancer: comparison of deuterium oxide dilution with bioelectric impedance analysis and anthropometry / Estado nutricional em crianças com câncer: comparação entre diluição de deutério, impedância bioelétrica e antropometria

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore changes in the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients before and after chemotherapy and evaluate the correlation between deuterium oxide dilution, bioelectric impedance analysis, and anthropometry for assessment of body composition. Methods: This study included 14 children (aged 5.6 to 13.6 years) and classified them as having hematologic or solid tumors. They had their body composition analyzed according to deuterium oxide, bioelectric impedance, and anthropometric measurements before the first chemotherapy cycle and after three and six months of therapy. Results: The patients in the hematologic tumor group had an increase in weight, height, body mass index, waist, hip, and arm circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness, and fat mass with the isotope dilution technique during chemotherapy. In the solid tumor group, the children showed a reduction in fat-free mass when assessed by bioimpedance analysis. We found a positive correlation between the triceps skinfold thickness and fat mass determined by bioimpedance analysis and deuterium oxide. The arm muscle circumference correlated with the fat-free mass estimated by bioimpedance analysis and deuterium oxide. Conclusions: Patients with hematologic tumors had an increase in body weight, height, and fat mass, which was not identified in the solid tumor group. The positive correlation between anthropometry (triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference), deuterium oxide dilution, and bioelectric impedance analysis shows the applicability of anthropometry in clinical practice.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar mudanças no estado nutricional de crianças com câncer antes e após o tratamento quimioterápico e avaliar a correlação entre diluição de óxido de deutério, análise de impedância bioelétrica (BIA) e dados antropométricos. Métodos: Quatorze crianças (entre 5,6 e 13,6 anos de idade) foram incluídas e classificadas como tendo tumores hematológicos ou sólidos. A composição corporal foi medida pelo óxido de deutério, impedância bioelétrica e medidas antropométricas antes da primeira quimioterapia e após três e seis meses de terapia. Resultados: Os pacientes do grupo de tumores hematológicos aumentaram o peso, a estatura, o índice de massa corporal, a circunferência da cintura, quadril e braço, dobra cutânea subescapular e a massa gorda com a técnica de diluição isotópica durante o tratamento quimioterápico. No grupo de tumores sólidos, as crianças mostraram uma redução na massa magra quando avaliadas por análise de impedância. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a dobra cutânea tricipital e a massa gorda determinadas pela análise de impedância e pelo óxido de deutério. A circunferência muscular do braço correlacionou-se com a massa magra estimada pela análise de impedância e pelo óxido de deutério. Conclusões: Pacientes com tumores hematológicos tiveram aumento no peso corporal, estatura e massa gorda, o que não foi observado naqueles com tumores sólidos. A boa correlação entre a antropometria (dobra cutânea tricipital e circunferência muscular do braço), a diluição do óxido de deutério e a análise da impedância bioelétrica mostra a aplicabilidade da antropometria na prática clínica.

Validez del porcentaje de grasa corporal por pliegues cutáneos comparado con la dilución de óxido de deuterio en escolares costarricenses / Validity of percent body fat by skinfold thickness comparated with deuterium oxide dilution in Costa Rican school children

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la validez del porcentaje de grasa corporal (% GC) estimado por la ecuación de Slaughter en escolares costarricenses. Participaron 54 niños y 49 niñas con una edad promedio 7.8 ± 1.0 años. El óxido de deuterio (D2O) fue el método de referencia para determinar la masa grasa (FM) expresada como % GC. Se utilizó un análisis de regresión lineal y prueba t para determinar la asociación y las diferencias entre el %GC por la ecuación de Slaughter y D2O. La concordancia entre métodos se determinó por el coeficiente de correlación de concordancia (CCC) de Lin. La medición de acuerdo entre los métodos se analizó mediante el procedimiento de Bland-Altman. El % GC entre métodos fue significativamente diferente en niños (26.3 ± 7.4% vs 22.4 ± 7.0%) y niñas (33.2 ± 5.7% vs 26.1 ± 5.7%). La asociación entre métodos no fue significativa en niños (R2 = 0.76, p <0.0001) y niñas (R2 = 0.24, p <0.0001). Los gráficos de Bland-Altman mostraron que la ecuación de Slaughter subestimó el % GC en 6,0% en niños y 3,5% en niñas, en comparación con D2O. El CCC de Lin identificó una fuerza de concordancia pobre entre métodos, niños ρc= 0.87 y niñas ρc= 0.56. Con los resultados se concluye que la ecuación de Slaughter registró baja concordancia del % GC en comparación con el D2O en escolares costarricenses(AU)

The aim of the study was to determine the validity of the body fat percentage (% GC) estimated by the Slaughter equation in Costa Rican school children. The sample consisted of 54 male and 49 female, mean age 7.8 ± 1.0 years. Deuterium oxide dilution (D2O) was the reference method to determine the fat mass (FM) expressed as BF%. Linear regression analyses and paired sample t-tests were used to test association and mean differences between Slaughter equation and D2O BF%. Concordance between Slaughter equation and D2O BF% was determined by Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Measurement of agreement between the two methods was analyzed using the Bland-Altman procedure. Measurements of BF% by Slaughter equation and D2O were significantly different for boys (26.3 ± 7.4% vs 22.4 ± 7.0%) and for girls (33.2 ± 5.7% vs 26.1 ± 5.7%). Non-significant association between methods was found in males (R2 = 0.76, p <0.0001) and females (R2 = 0.24, p <0.0001). Bland-Altman plots showed that Slaughter equation underestimated the %BF in a 6.0% for boys and in a 3.5% for girls compared with D2O. Lin's CCC identified poor strength of concordance between the two methods, for boys ρc= 0.87 and for girls ρc= 0.56. With the results we conclude that the Slaughter equation registered low agreement of BF% compared against the one obtained by D2O in Costa Rican school children(AU)

Deuterium oxide dilution and body composition in overweight and obese schoolchildren aged 6-9 years / Diluição do óxido de deutério e composição corporal em escolares de seis a nove anos com sobrepeso e obesidade

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To correlate different methods of body composition assessment in overweight or obese schoolchildren, using deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution as a reference. METHODS: Percentage of total body water (%TBW), fat free mass (%FFM), and body fat (%BF) were assessed by D2O and tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in 54 obese and overweight students aged 6-9 years. Skinfold thickness (ST), body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio were also used. RESULTS: Mean values for body composition were 38.4% ± 8.4% BF, 44.9% ± 6.1% TBW and 61.6% ± 8.4% FFM. There was no significant difference in body weight, body fat mass (FM), TBW, and FFM between genders. Regarding D2O, ST underestimated %BF, and overestimated %FFM in both genders (p < 0.05). BIA overestimated %TBW in the group as a whole and in males (p < 0.05). The only positive and strong correlations occurred in females regarding the WC (s= 0.679), CI (r = 0.634), and WHtR (r = 0.666). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of obese and overweight children, there were strong correlations between body composition measured by D2O and some indices and anthropometric indicators in females, but there was no positive and strong correlation of fat tissue with the indices/indicators at all ages and in both genders.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Correlacionar diferentes métodos para avaliação de composição corporal em escolares diagnosticados com sobrepeso e obesos com o uso como referência da diluição de óxido de deutério (D2O). MÉTODOS: O percentual de água corporal total (%ACT), massa livre de gordura (%MLG) e gordura corporal (%GC) foi obtido pelo D2O e pela bioimpedância elétrica tetrapolar (BIA), em 54 estudantes com sobrepeso e obesos, entre seis-nove anos. O método das dobras cutâneas (DC) com o uso de triciptal e panturrilha, índice de massa corporal (IMC), índice de conicidade (IC), circunferência de cintura (CC), relação cintura/estatura (RCE) e relação cintura/quadril (RCQ) também foi usado. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios para composição corporal aferidos pelo D2O foram 38,4 ± 8,4%GC, 44,9 ± 6,1%ACT e 61,6 ± 8,4%MLG. Não houve diferença significativa entre peso corporal, massa corporal de gordura (MG), ACT e MLG entre os sexos. Considerando o D2O, DC subestimou o %GC e superestimou o %MLG em ambos os sexos (p < 0,05); BIA superestimou %ACT no grupo como um todo e no masculino (p < 0,05). As únicas correlações fortes e positivas ocorreram no grupo feminino nas variáveis CC (s = 0,679), IC (r = 0,634) e RCE (r = 0,666). CONCLUSÕES: Nessa amostra de crianças obesas e com sobrepeso, houve fortes correlações entre a composição corporal mensurada pelo D2O e alguns índices e indicadores antropométricos nas meninas, mas nenhuma correlação forte e positiva do tecido adiposo foi encontrada com os índices/indicadores em todas as idades e ambos os sexos.

Use and records of child health handbook focused on growth and development / Uso y llenado de la libreta de salud infantil con el foco en el crecimiento y el desarrollo / Uso e preenchimento da caderneta de saúde da criança com foco no crescimento e desenvolvimento

Objective To evaluate the use and records of the Child Health Handbook (CHH), especially growth and development. Method Cross-sectional study with 358 mother-child pairs registered in 12 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) of a small municipality. Mothers were interviewed at the PHC from February to April 2013 using a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using WHO Anthro software, Epi InfoTM and Stata. Results Fifty-three percent of the mothers were carrying the CHH at the time of the interview, similar to the proportion of mothers who were instructed to bring the CHH to health appointments. Annotations in the CHH during the visits were reported by 49%. The vaccination schedule was completed in 97% of the CHH, but only 9% and 8% of the CHH, respectively, contained growth charts and properly completed developmental milestones. Conclusion Low rates of use and unsatisfactory record-keeping in the CHH reinforce the need for investment in professional training and community awareness for the CHH to become an effective instrument of promotion of child health. .

Objetivo Evaluar el uso y llenado de la Libreta de Salud Infantil (LSI), especialmente el crecimiento y el desarrollo. Método Estudio transversal con 358 pares de madres e hijos matriculados en 12 Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) de una ciudad pequeña. Las madres fueron entrevistadas en el UBS desde febrero a abril 2013 mediante un cuestionario. Se utilizó Epi-info y software SPSS. Resultados 53% de las madres estaban llevando LSI durante la entrevista, proporción similar a las madres que recibieron instrucciones para llevar el LSI a la atención de la salud. Anotaciones en LSI durante las visitas se registraron en un 49%. Calendario de vacunas fue completa en el 97% de LSI, pero sólo el 9% y el 8% de LSI tenido, respectivamente, las curvas de crecimiento y desarrollos debidamente cumplimentados. Conclusión El uso y el relleno satisfactorio de LSI refuerzan la necesidad de inversión en la formación profesional y el acercamiento a la comunidad para la LSI se convierte efectivamente en un instrumento de promoción de la salud infantil.
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Objetivo Avaliar uso e preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC), especialmente crescimento e desenvolvimento. Método Estudo transversal com 358 pares mãe-criança atendidos em 12 Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de município de pequeno porte. As mães foram entrevistadas nas UBS, de fevereiro a abril de 2013, com o uso de questionário. Utilizou-se softwares Epi-info e Stata. Resultados No momento da entrevista, 53% das mães portavam a CSC, proporção similar à de mães que referiram orientação para levar a CSC aos atendimentos de saúde. Anotações na CSC durante os atendimentos foram referidos por 49%. Esquema vacinal estava completo em 97% das CSC, mas apenas 9% e 8% das CSC tinham, respectivamente, gráficos de crescimento e desenvolvimento adequadamente preenchidos. Conclusão O uso e o preenchimento insatisfatório da CSC reforçam a necessidade de investimentos na capacitação dos profissionais e na sensibilização da comunidade para que a CSC se torne efetivamente um instrumento de promoção da saúde infantil. .

Body composition measures of obese adolescents by the deuterium oxide dilution method and by bioelectrical impedance

The objectives of the present study were to describe and compare the body composition variables determined by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and the deuterium dilution method (DDM), to identify possible correlations and agreement between the two methods, and to construct a linear regression model including anthropometric measures. Obese adolescents were evaluated by anthropometric measures, and body composition was assessed by BIA and DDM. Forty obese adolescents were included in the study. Comparison of the mean values for the following variables: fat body mass (FM; kg), fat-free mass (FFM; kg), and total body water (TBW; percent) determined by DDM and by BIA revealed significant differences. BIA overestimated FFM and TBW and underestimated FM. When compared with data provided by DDM, the BIA data presented a significant correlation with FFM (r = 0.89; P < 0.001), FM (r = 0.93; P < 0.001) and TBW (r = 0.62; P < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plot showed no agreement for FFM, FM or TBW between data provided by BIA and DDM. The linear regression models proposed in our study with respect to FFM, FM, and TBW were well adjusted. FFM obtained by DDM = 0.842 x FFM obtained by BIA. FM obtained by DDM = 0.855 x FM obtained by BIA + 0.152 x weight (kg). TBW obtained by DDM = 0.813 x TBW obtained by BIA. The body composition results of obese adolescents determined by DDM can be predicted by using the measures provided by BIA through a regression equation.

Evaluación del consumo de leche humana por dilución con deuterio y detección por espectroscopia de infrarrojo / Assessment of human milk consumption by dilution with deuterium and detection by infrared spectroscopy

Objetivo. Adaptar la metodología de evaluación de ingestión de leche humana con isótopos estables utilizando un espectroscopio infrarrojo en lugar de un espectrómetro de masas. Material y métodos. Previo consentimiento informado, 12 mujeres que estaban amamantando recibieron 30 g de D2O por vía oral. a las 4 horas y 1, 3, 6, 9 y 14 días depués de la dosificación, se les tomó una muestra de saliva. Las muestras de saliva de los bebés se tomaron a los 1,2,5,6,13 y 14 días. Todas las muestras fueron preparadas por sublimación y centrifucación y la determinación de la concentración de D2O se determinó por espectroscopía de infrarrojo. Resultados. La recuperación del sistema de sublimación fue superior al 95 por ciento del volumen total tanto de agua sola como de saliva. Se encontró que con tres evaluaciones se alcanza la misma confiabilidad que con 5 evaluaciones. Los volúmenes de ingestión de leche humana fueron similares a los informados por otros autores