RESUMO
This study has been conducted between years 2002-2008 in nearby Egirdir lake, which is acknowledged to be amongst the biggest fresh water lakes in Turkey. Within the scope of this study observations have been made on one of the cat species common in Turkey, Jungle Cat Felis chaus, its biology distribution, population size, behavior and food in their habitat as well as problems conceming its conservation. The findings have been compared to previous data set worldwide. Besides, the status of this species in Turkey has been briefly referred.
Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Monitoramento Ambiental , Felis/classificação , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Água Doce , Densidade Demográfica , Árvores , TurquiaRESUMO
Studies on the genetic diversity and relatedness of zoo populations are crucial for implementing successful breeding programmes. The European wildcat, Felis s. silvestris, is subject to intensive conservation measures, including captive breeding and reintroduction. We here present the first systematic genetic analysis of the captive population of Felis s. silvestris in comparison with a natural wild population. We used microsatellites and mtDNA sequencing to assess genetic diversity, structure and integrity of the ex situ population. Our results show that the ex situ population of the European wildcat is highly structured and that it has a higher genetic diversity than the studied wild population. Some genetic clusters matched the breeding lines of certain zoos or groups of zoos that often exchanged individuals. Two mitochondrial haplotype groups were detected in the in situ populations, one of which was closely related to the most common haplotype found in domestic cats, suggesting past introgression in the wild. Although native haplotypes were also found in the captive population, the majority (68%) of captive individuals shared a common mtDNA haplotype with the domestic cat (Felis s. catus). Only six captive individuals (7.7%) were assigned as wildcats in the STRUCTURE analysis (at Kâ=â2), two of which had domestic cat mtDNA haplotypes and only two captive individuals were assigned as purebred wildcats by NewHybrids. These results suggest that the high genetic diversity of the captive population has been caused by admixture with domestic cats. Therefore, the captive population cannot be recommended for further breeding and reintroduction.
Assuntos
Animais de Zoológico/genética , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Felis/genética , Genética Populacional , Animais , Animais de Zoológico/classificação , Cruzamento , Gatos , Felis/classificação , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Variação Genética , Haplótipos , Hibridização Genética , Masculino , Repetições de Microssatélites , Família MultigênicaRESUMO
Endogenous feline leukemia viruses (enFeLVs) occur in the germ lines of the domestic cat and related wild species (genus Felis). We sequenced the long terminal repeats and part of the env region of enFeLVs in domestic cats and five wild species. A total of 305 enFeLV sequences were generated across 17 individuals, demonstrating considerable diversity within two major clades. Distinct proliferations of enFeLVs occurred before and after the black-footed cat diverged from the other species. Diversity of enFeLVs was limited for the sand cat and jungle cat suggesting that proliferation of enFeLVs occurred within these species after they diverged. Relationships among enFeLVs were congruent with host species relationships except for the jungle cat, which carried only enFeLVs from a lineage that recently invaded the germline (enFeLV-AGTT). Comparison of wildcat and domestic cat enFeLVs indicated that a distinctive germ line invasion of enFeLVs has not occurred since the cat was domesticated.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/virologia , Gatos/virologia , Retrovirus Endógenos/genética , Evolução Molecular , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/genética , Replicação Viral , Animais , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Gatos/classificação , Gatos/genética , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/genética , Retrovirus Endógenos/isolamento & purificação , Retrovirus Endógenos/fisiologia , Felis/classificação , Felis/virologia , Genes env/genética , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/fisiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Infecções por Retroviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Retroviridae/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da Espécie , Sequências Repetidas Terminais/genética , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/veterinária , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Replicação Viral/genéticaRESUMO
Modern felid species descend from relatively recent (<11 million years ago) divergence and speciation events that produced successful predatory carnivores worldwide but that have confounded taxonomic classifications. A highly resolved molecular phylogeny with divergence dates for all living cat species, derived from autosomal, X-linked, Y-linked, and mitochondrial gene segments (22,789 base pairs) and 16 fossil calibrations define eight principal lineages produced through at least 10 intercontinental migrations facilitated by sea-level fluctuations. A ghost lineage analysis indicates that available felid fossils underestimate (i.e., unrepresented basal branch length) first occurrence by an average of 76%, revealing a low representation of felid lineages in paleontological remains. The phylogenetic performance of distinct gene classes showed that Y-chromosome segments are appreciably more informative than mitochondrial DNA, X-linked, or autosomal genes in resolving the rapid Felidae species radiation.