Treatment of telangiectasias with a 595-nm pulsed dye laser following hemangioma involution: a retrospective analysis.

Telangiectasias are the most frequent type of sequelae of infantile hemangiomas after involution. Few studies have reported the treatment of telangiectasias with 595-nm pulsed dye lasers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a 595-nm pulsed dye laser for treating residual telangiectasias following hemangioma involution. This is a retrospective case series that analyzes the medical records and reviews the charts of 22 patients who had undergone 595-nm pulsed dye laser treatment for residual telangiectasias. Pre- and post-treatment digital images were independently assessed, and the changes were scored to ascertain the efficacy of the treatment (0 = no change, 4 = complete improvement). Of the 22 patients, 59.1% experienced complete resolution of telangiectasias following treatment. No serious complications or side effects were reported. The observations indicate that the 595-nm pulsed dye laser is effective and safe for treating residual telangiectasias following hemangioma involution.

Comparative Treatment of Mucocutaneous Lesions in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients With Dual Sequential Pulsed Dye Laser and Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Versus Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Laser Alone: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study With Quality-of-Life Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by the presence of telangiectases and larger arteriovenous malformations in different organs. Mucocutaneous telangiectases can bleed and become an aesthetic concern, impairing quality of life (QoL). However, the best treatment approach has not been defined yet. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual wavelength sequential 595/1064nm laser (DWSL) compared to 1064nm laser (Nd:YAG) alone. Secondarily, to evaluate QoL impairment in HHT patients, and its improvement with laser therapy. METHODS: A comparative randomized split-body double-blinded prospective study (DWSL vs Nd:YAG). Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics were recorded. The severity and degree of improvement were evaluated by three blinded examiners who scored pre-treatment and post-treatment pictures on a 5-point scale. Patients fulfilled Skindex-29 and FACE-Q® tests and assessed procedure-associated pain and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: 111 treatment areas (55 treated with DWSL and 56 with Nd:YAG) from 26 patients were analyzed. The median number of laser sessions was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 2-4; mean 2.90 vs 2.88, respectively). The median improvement score, irrespective of location, was significantly higher for Nd:YAG compared to DWSL: 3 (IQR 2-3; mean 2.61) vs 2 (IQR 2-3; mean 2.32), p=0.031. Both FACE-Q index and Skindex-29 test results improved significantly (p<0.001), and 92.4% patients reported a high degree of satisfaction (≥8). No severe adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: DWSL and Nd:YAG laser are convenient, safe and effective treatment options for mucocutaneous telangiectases in HHT patients. However, Nd:YAG delivered better results with better tolerability. QoL was significantly improved by both treatments.

Comparative Treatment of Mucocutaneous Lesions in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients With Dual Sequential Pulsed Dye Laser and Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Versus Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Laser Alone: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study With Quality-of-Life Evaluation. / [Artículo traducido] Tratamiento comparativo de lesiones mucocutáneas en pacientes con telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria con láser dual secuencial de colorante pulsado y neodimio: itrio-aluminio-granate versus neodimio: itrio-aluminio-granate solo: un estudio controlado aleatorizado doble ciego con evaluación de la calidad de vida.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by the presence of telangiectases and larger arteriovenous malformations in different organs. Mucocutaneous telangiectases can bleed and become an aesthetic concern, impairing quality of life (QoL). However, the best treatment approach has not been defined yet. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual wavelength sequential 595/1064nm laser (DWSL) compared to 1064nm laser (Nd:YAG) alone. Secondarily, to evaluate QoL impairment in HHT patients, and its improvement with laser therapy. METHODS: A comparative randomized split-body double-blinded prospective study (DWSL vs Nd:YAG). Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics were recorded. The severity and degree of improvement were evaluated by three blinded examiners who scored pre-treatment and post-treatment pictures on a 5-point scale. Patients fulfilled Skindex-29 and FACE-Q® tests and assessed procedure-associated pain and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: 111 treatment areas (55 treated with DWSL and 56 with Nd:YAG) from 26 patients were analyzed. The median number of laser sessions was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 2-4; mean 2.90 vs 2.88, respectively). The median improvement score, irrespective of location, was significantly higher for Nd:YAG compared to DWSL: 3 (IQR 2-3; mean 2.61) vs 2 (IQR 2-3; mean 2.32), p=0.031. Both FACE-Q index and Skindex-29 test results improved significantly (p<0.001), and 92.4% patients reported a high degree of satisfaction (≥8). No severe adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: DWSL and Nd:YAG laser are convenient, safe and effective treatment options for mucocutaneous telangiectases in HHT patients. However, Nd:YAG delivered better results with better tolerability. QoL was significantly improved by both treatments.

How efficient is laser therapy for telangiectasias, spider veins, and cherry angiomas?-A study using dynamic optical coherence tomography.

OBJECTIVES: A clinical study to investigate the effectiveness of pulsed dye laser (PDL) versus Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of telangiectasias, spider veins and cherry angiomas. Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) was introduced as an innovative follow-up tool for evaluation of blood flow within superficial vessels and to allow visualization of morphological changes of the vasculature in vivo. The final aim of this study was to demonstrate a possible treatment benefit comparing both laser types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vessel structures of 102 skin lesions were documented photographically and dermoscopically. Subsequently, lesions were imaged using optical coherence tomography before laser therapy (a), directly after the treatment (p) and after a follow-up 4-6 weeks after laser treatment. All lesions were treated using either a 595 nm PDL or a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Two main vessel parameters, namely density and diameter, and their possible changes during follow-up were observed in 150/300/500 µm penetration depth using D-OCT and were subsequently compared between both treatment groups. Other analyzed vessel parameters were depth of the plexus, mean diameter, mean density, top edge of the vessel, columns, and spikes. RESULTS: Both laser types are suitable options for the treatment of vascular skin lesions, with the most significant effect on cherry angiomas. PDL shows better results treating smaller vessels in upper skin regions, in comparison to Nd:YAG laser, achieving better results on deeper vessels, like spider veins. Using the applied laser settings, there was no statistically significant effect on telangiectasias. CONCLUSION: D-OCT represents a new, noninvasive imaging method to evaluate blood flow and vessel morphology in the follow-up of telangiectasias, spider veins, and cherry angiomas, which underwent laser therapy.

Efficacy and Safety of Intense Pulsed Light and Nonablative Fractional 1440-nm Diode Laser to a Combination of the 2 Modalities for Facial Rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: The aging process involves laxity, hyperpigmentation, and telangiectasias. It is important to target those elements of aging to be successful at achieving rejuvenation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of a combination intense pulsed light (IPL) and 1440-nm diode laser versus either treatment alone. METHODS: Forty subjects were enrolled in this randomized split-face trial: 20 were randomized to Group A (received IPL on one side of the face and IPL followed by the 1440-nm diode laser on the other side) and 20 were randomized to Group B (received 1440-nm diode laser on one side of the face and IPL followed by the 1440-nm diode laser on the other side). RESULTS: Investigators reported a percent improvement of 40% to 50% in all 3 groups at day 120; blinded investigator Global Aesthetic Improvement Scores were better in the combination group-90% compared with 84% and 83% in the IPL and 1440-nm diode laser groups, respectively. Wrinkling scores was significantly improved in the 1440-nm diode and combination groups. Hyperpigmentation and telangiectasias were significantly improved in all 3 groups. Adverse events were self-limited. CONCLUSION: Combination treatment with IPL and 1440-nm diode laser was found to be safe and effective and resulted in higher subject satisfaction.

Long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser using an "in motion" setting to treat telangiectatic rosacea.

BACKGROUND: Rosacea is an inflammatory condition of the face characterized in its early stages by flushing, erythema and telangiectasias. OBJECTIVES: We evaluate the efficacy of long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser on erythematousteleangiectasic rosacea (ETR). METHODS: In a retrospective case study of 21 patients (14F, 7M) with an average age of 29 years (range 19-41), were treated with two sessions at a distance of one month, with phototype up to III (5 phototype 1, 14 phototype II, 2 phototype III) with a fluence of 20 J/cm2. RESULTS: We observed a reduction of the erythematous component between 50% and 80% after two sessions, with an average pain score attributed to the treatment, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), of 3. CONCLUSION: In this case series in which Nd:YAG laser had been used with a "'in motion" technique, we observed a reduction of the side effects and pain.

A Dynamically Cooled, Variable Spot-Sized 1,064 nm Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser as a Treatment Option for Facial Reticular Veins.

BACKGROUND: Facial reticular veins can be treated with laser therapy, sclerotherapy, or surgical removal. The use of a 1,064 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has been reported to be successful in the treatment of facial reticular veins. OBJECTIVE: To report a large retrospective study examining the efficacy, side effects, and satisfaction of a dynamically cooled, variable spot-sized 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of facial reticular veins in the periorbital and temporal area. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Contact was made with 100 patients from 2006 to 2019 who underwent treatment with a 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser for facial reticular veins through office follow-up or telephone interviews. Percent resolution of veins, satisfaction, and adverse effects were evaluated. RESULTS: Eighty-nine of the 100 patients ranked their satisfaction with the treatment as 3 or very satisfied. Most patients reported 75% to 100% improvement. The most commonly reported adverse event seen after treatment was mild edema. Sixty-eight percent of patients reported no adverse effects at all. CONCLUSION: The dynamically cooled, variable spot-sized 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective treatment for facial reticular veins with minimal side effects. The results are usually immediate and, based on the long-term follow-up, tend to be long lasting.

Treatment of poikiloderma of Civatte using a redesigned pulsed dye laser with a 15 mm diameter treatment spot.

OBJECTIVES: The pulsed-dye laser has long been a gold standard in the treatment of poikiloderma of Civatte. Recent advances in pulsed dye laser technology enable output energies 50% higher, enabling beam diameters of up to 15 mm with clinically relevant fluences. In this study, we investigate this new laser for treatment of this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty subjects were enrolled in the study. A total of four treatments were administered at monthly intervals. Blinded assessment of digital, cross-polarized photographs taken at baseline and two months following the last treatment was performed by blinded physician raters using an 11-point clearance scale. Subject reported pain scores immediately following treatment and side effects at all visits were recorded by the investigator. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects completed the study. Blinded reviewers correctly identified the baseline photo in 48 of 51 cases (94%). All three reviewers mis-identified the same subjects. The blinded reviewers scored 14 out of the 17 subjects with an improvement greater than 40% and 10 out of the 17 subjects greater than 50%. Average improvement was 49% for all 17 subjects. Side effects were limited to mild edema, and mild to moderate erythema and purpura. Pain scores averaged 3.5 on using an 11-point scale. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of a new pulsed-dye laser with a 15 mm spot and 50% higher fluences for the treatment of poikiloderma of Civatte. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:54-58, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Treatment of telangiectasia on the cheeks with a compact yellow (585 nm) semiconductor laser and a green (532 nm) KTP laser: a randomized double-blinded split-face trial.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to compare a traditional green KTP laser to a new investigational yellow laser (PhotoLase) in the treatment of facial telangiectasia in terms of the treatment outcomes. The secondary objective was to assess the functionality and reliability of the PhotoLase system from the perspective of the user. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: The study was a randomized split-face double-blinded study that compared the treatment efficacy of the 532-nm KTP laser and the investigational 585-nm PhotoLase laser. One or two treatments were given based on the response of the first treatment. The improvement of telangiectasia was graded according to a 7-point Telangiectasia Grading Scale (TGS) by the subjects and blinded physicians. The subjects assessed the amount of pain during the treatments using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and evaluated adverse effects 2-3 days after the treatment(s) using a self-assessment form. RESULTS: At least 50% improvement was seen in 15/18 subjects after the first PhotoLase treatment, and a similar result was observed for KTP, as assessed by the blinded physicians (P = 0.29). In the subjects' assessment, 7/18 subjects had at least 50% improvement after the first PhotoLase treatment, whereas at least 50% improvement was observed for 10/18 subjects in the KTP side, the difference being significant (P = 0.008). The amount of pain was higher with PhotoLase compared to KTP (67.7 vs. 34.6, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of erythema, crusting or purpura between the devices, but more blistering and less edema were seen after PhotoLase treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with PhotoLase was evaluated to be 4.7-fold faster than with KTP and the PhotoLase system was more compact, narrower, lighter, and easier to carry than KTP. CONCLUSIONS: The investigational PhotoLase laser enables significantly faster treatments, but the process is somewhat more painful than with KTP, otherwise providing a similar clinical outcome in the treatment of facial telangiectasia. Treatment Protocol Lasers Surg. Med. 51:223-229, 2019. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Successful Treatment of Lower Extremity Telangiectasias Using 585-nm Pulsed-Dye Laser at Low Fluence Combined With Optical Coherence Tomography: A Case Report

Background: Significant advances have been made in using lasers and intense pulse light sources to treat common vascular lesions such as telangiectasias. However, the treatment of leg telangiectasia, specifically, is more challenging because it involves the clearing of smaller veins as well as the larger feeding veins. The latest guidelines recommend use of short wavelength pulse-dyed lasers (PDL) as an option to treat telangiectasia cases that are unresponsive to sclerotherapy. Methods: A 29-year-old white woman presented with persistent telangiectasia, with multiple telangiectasias ranging from 1 cm to 20 cm in size involving the dorsal feet and both ankles and legs, which developed 10 years prior, associated with paresthesia. Test spots were treated with a 585-nm pulsed dye laser with various energy settings, and treatment was performed at 5.5 J/cm2 with spot size 10 mm and 0.5ms pulse duration. Results: Near complete clearance was achieved 1 month after the single treatment without adverse effects. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging demonstrated a reduction of cutaneous blood flow after treatment. Discussion: We report successful treatment despite using settings that were previously reported to lack efficacy. This treatment resulted in considerable improvement in aesthetics and symptomatology. Also, OCT confirmed decreased vascular flow and bulging. Conclusion: Our results suggest there is still much to learn about the use of PDL in treating telangiectasias of the lower extremities, and that the ideal parameters warrant further investigation. Moreover, the novel use of OCT in auxiliary imaging for identification of treatment spots, as well as monitoring response at a microvascular level, holds great potential for wider application. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(11):1180-1182.

The application of 595-nm pulsed dye laser for vascular anomalies in a Chinese population: a 10-year experience.

BACKGROUND: The 595-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) has been used to treat vascular anomalies for about 30 years; however, there are insufficient data in Chinese patients concerning therapeutic efficacy, optimized parameters, and procedure techniques. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and relevant factors in PDL therapy for vascular anomalies in Chinese patients. METHOD: We enrolled 431 patients with 8 different vascular anomalies and no previous treatment in this retrospective study. A detailed classification of vascular anomalies and various parameters and techniques of PDL were studied. The clinical outcomes were analysed using the Investigator Global Assessment. RESULTS: Improvements were significantly correlated with infantile haemangioma (IH) subtypes (p < 0.05). A significant correlation between efficacy and lesion colour, anatomical sites, and hypertrophic-type port-wine stain (PWS) was found (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between efficacy and age or sex (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: PDL is an effective and safe therapeutic modality for managing vascular anomalies in Chinese patients. We determined that differentiating and identifying IH subtypes prior to treatment could be a useful parameter for predicting therapeutic results.  Lesion colour, sites, and hypertrophic changes in PWS are relevant therapeutic factors. PDL parameters and techniques differ according to the various vascular anomalies to achieve optimal results.

One-year follow-up of a TRASER clinical trial for the treatment of nasal telangiectasias.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of treating nasal telangiectasias with the TRASER device. METHODS: Subjects from the TRASER efficacy analysis clinical trial were invited for a 1-year follow-up. Standardized photographs were taken to compare to baseline. The same clinical trial evaluator graded the subjects' current vessel clearance using the 5-point telangiectasia scale. The data was compiled and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the subjects with available follow-up data, 44% maintained "complete vessel clearance," 44% dropped down one grade to "almost complete vessel clearance," and 11% dropped down to "moderately clear vessel clearance." All showed clinically significant improvement in nasal telangiectasias from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The TRASER effectively treats nasal telangiectasias with minimal to mild recurrence at 1-year follow-up. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:61-63, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effect of laser therapy on quality of life in patients with radiation-induced breast telangiectasias.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of laser monotherapy on quality of life in breast cancer patients with chronic radiation dermatitis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, IRB-approved study was conducted at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Breast cancer patients with chronic radiation dermatitis completed health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) questionnaires before and after laser monotherapy for radiation-induced breast telangiectasias (RIBT). METHODS: After informed consent, all patients were issued the Skindex-16 and Breast-Q Adverse Effects of Radiation HR-QOL questionnaires prior to receiving laser treatment. Patients were treated with a 595 nm pulsed dye laser at 4- to 6-week intervals, with percent telangiectasia clearance and adverse events recorded at each visit. Post-treatment HR-QOL questionnaires were collected after clinician-assessed telangiectasia clearance of >50%. Median HR-QOL scores before and after therapy were reported for individual HR-QOL domains (Skindex-16) and HR-QOL totals (Skindex-16 and Breast-Q Adverse Effects of Radiation). Before- and after-differences were calculated using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. RESULTS: Twenty-two female patients (average age 56 years) enrolled in this study. A majority (13/22, 59%) exhibited telangiectasias across the décolletage and axilla in addition to the breast. Sixteen patients reached the 50% RIBT clearance threshold during the study period, and 11 of these patients (69%) completed follow-up HR-QOL questionnaires. Patients showed statistically significant improvements in emotional and functional Skindex-16 HR-QOL domains and in overall Skindex-16 HR-QOL score. Breast-Q scores also improved significantly, illustrating a decrease in specific physical and cosmetic concerns common to radiated breast skin. Common adverse events were transient post-treatment pain and redness. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer patients with RIBT presented with substantial deficits in several HR-QOL arenas. Laser monotherapy effectively treated the appearance of radiation dermatitis in these patients and also significantly improved HR-QOL. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:284-290, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparison of efficacy between long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser and pulsed dye laser to treat rosacea-associated nasal telangiectasia.

BACKGROUND: Rosacea is characterized by erythema on face, especially erythema and linear telangiectasia on the nose. Currently, various vascular lasers are used for treatment, and among them, are long-pulsed Nd:YAG(LPNY) and pulsed dye laser (PDL). OBJECTIVES: This study compared the efficacy of LPNY and PDL in treating rosacea-associated nasal telangiectasia. METHODS: Patients with rosacea who showed erythema and telangiectasia on the nose were included. Each patient was treated with PDL on the left side of the nasal bridge, and LPNY on the right side, three times with 4-week intervals. At the end of the treatment, two independent dermatologists evaluated overall treatment response compared with baseline. RESULTS: The physician's assessment of treatment concluded that good improvement was seen in six PDL and seven LPNY patients, and excellent improvement five PDL and four LPNY patients. There was no significant difference (p = 0.62, 95%CI) between the groups. Overall improvement was similar; however, LPNY induced a greater response in thick, dilated vessels, while erythema with mild telangiectasia was more responsive to PDL. CONCLUSION: Both LPNY and PDL are effective in treating rosacea-associated nasal telangiectasia. If LPNY is used properly to avoid side effects with careful consideration, it can also be used as a good modality.

A Retrospective Study on Efficacy of Pulsed Dye Laser and Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Facial Telangiectasia.

Both pulsed dye laser (PDL) and intense pulsed light (IPL) systems have been demonstrated to be effective for treatment of facial telangiectasia, however there have been very few comparative studies between both treatments involving purely Asian patient populations. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis to compare the efficacy of PDL and IPL systems for the treatment of facial telangiectasia. A total of 416 patients with facial telangiectasia who were treated by PDL or IPLs in our department from August 2012 to March 2015 were included in this study. The subjects received one of the following five treatments: PDL 595 nm (9-12 J/cm2), MaxG (500-670 nm & 870-1200 nm, 30-46 J/cm2), IPL (560-1200 nm, 18-24 J/cm2), M22 560 (560-1200 nm, 15-18 J/cm2), and M22 590 (590-1200 nm, 15-20 J/cm2). Each treatment had two sessions with 6-week intervals. The improvement percentage score in facial telangiectasia after the final treatment was evaluated by two non-treating physicians. We found almost all patients (less than 95.00%) had marked improvements or nearly complete clearance of the lesions after PDL 595 nm or MaxG treatment, as compared to 41.38%-56.58% patients in the other three groups that showed similar degrees of improvements. Both PDL 595 nm (9-12 J/cm2) and MaxG (500-670 nm & 870-1200 nm, 30-46 J/cm2) treatments resulted in significantly superior vessel clearance than the IPL systems with other wavelength bands (560-1200 nm or 590-1200 nm) and relatively lower fluence (15-24 J/cm2). Our results also suggested fluence levels account for the significant differences in the effectiveness delivered by different IPL systems. We concluded that PDL 595 nm and MaxG showed comparable clinical efficacy and both treatments resulted in most beneficial outcomes.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(11):1112-1116.

Successful Treatment of Generalized Essential Telangiectasia With 6-Mercaptopurine.

Generalized essential telangiectasia (GET) is a notoriously difficult to treat disorder with no current satisfactory treatments. This case and discussion report the use of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) as a successful treatment for GET. Moreover, we show that GET may represent a state of increased angiogenesis, a paradigm shift from the current understanding that these telangiectasias represent dilatations of only pre-existing vessels. This new view of GET may drive others to look at novel agents for treatment.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(3):280-282.

Cutaneous Collagenous Vasculopathy: A Rare Form of Microangiopathy Successfully Treated with a Combination of Multiplex Laser and Optimized Pulsed Light with a Review of the Literature.

Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV) is a rare idiopathic microangiopathy of the cutaneous vasculature characterized histologically by the presence of dilated small blood vessels with flat endothelial cells and thickened walls containing hyaline material in the upper dermis. We report an elderly patient presenting with an extensive form of CCV involving the trunk, upper and lower limbs. She was treated with Multiplex PDL 595-nm/Nd:YAG 1,064-nm laser and optimized pulsed light. This approach, which has never been reported for CCV so far, resulted in a striking and almost complete clearance of the widespread lesions. We here review our knowledge about CCV and therapeutic options available with a survey of the literature.

A review of the quality of life following pulsed dye laser treatment for erythemotelangiectatic rosacea.

Rosacea is a chronic condition, affecting up to 10% of the population. It has a negative impact on patients' quality of life (QOL), leading to loss of self-confidence, emotional distress and withdrawal from normal societal interactions. Erythemotelangiectatic (ET) rosacea is a frequent reason for consultation and difficult to treat, as vascular signs such as flushing, erythema and telangiectasia often persist despite medical therapy. Several studies have demonstrated objective improvements in vascular signs following pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment, but very few have investigated improvement in QOL. We reviewed the current literature to find evidence for the effect of PDL on QOL in ET rosacea.