Mild Encephalitis/Encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion syndrome: An unusual presentation of anti-GFAP astrocytopathy.

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a rare recently defined antibody-mediated encephalitis. Meningo-encephalomyelitis presentation is frequent with lymphocytic pleiocytosis in the cerebro-spinal fluid and brain MRI classically demonstrates in 50% of cases, a linear perivascular enhancement extending radially from the ventricles. Here, we describe 2 cases of pediatric autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with limbic encephalitis presentation and peculiar MRI characteristics one with normal MRI and the second suggestive of Mild Encephalitis/Encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion syndrome (MERS). These two cases illustrate that anti-GFAP antibodies should be sought in children presenting limbic encephalitis with a normal and/or MERS suggestive MRI, as treatment strategies may differ.