[Study on revision of standard limits for nitrogen dioxide in "Standards for indoor air quality（GB/T 18883-2022）" in China].

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an important indoor air pollutant, with both outdoor and indoor sources contributing to indoor NO2 exposure levels. Considering the association of high NO2 exposure with adverse health effects, the Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022) have been revised to further restrict indoor NO2 limit values. The 1-h average concentration limit value for NO2 has been reduced from 0.24 mg/m3 to 200 µg/m3.This study analyzed the technical contents related to the determination of the limits of indoor NO2 in Standards for Indoor Air Quality (GB/T 18883-2022), including source, exposure level, health effects, and the process and evidence basis for determining the limit value. It also proposed prospects for the direction for the implementation of the indoor NO2 standard.

[Progress and future perspective of epidemiological research of air pollution and climate change in the context of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals].

Climate change is the great health challenge for human beings in the 21st century. Air pollution is also an important public health problem worldwide. China announced the climate commitment to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Achieving these goals would not only have far-reaching effects on air pollution control and climate change, but also improve the population health in China. Air pollution and climate change epidemiology are important aspects of environmental epidemiology. In this paper, we discuss the current status and future development of epidemiological research of air pollution and climate change in the context of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals to provide ideas and suggestions for environmental and health studies in the future.

[Clinical observation of mometasone furoate nasal spray combined with montelukast sodium in the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children].

Objective:To study the clinical effect of mometasone furoate nasal spray combined with montelukast in the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children.Method:One hundred and thirty eight cases with adenoid hypertrophy were randomly divided into two groups, 69 cases in each group; the control group were treated with mometasone furoate nasal spray alone; the observation group were treated with mometasone furoate combined with oral montelukast. Adenoid nasopharynx ratio (A/N), and the proportion of overall recurrence after treatment of nasal obstruction were compared, also with snoring, mouth breathing rate, life quality score before and after treatment in the two groups, and finally compared the clinical total effective ratio.Result:Compared with before treatment, A/N of two groups of patients were significantly decreased, and the observation group decreased more significantly, the difference between the two groups was significant (P< 0.05); nasal obstruction, snoring, mouth breathing rate of observation group were significantly lower than the control group, and the recurrence rate also lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The quality of life scores, sleep disorder scores, physical status score and daily function score in the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment, and in observation group the three scores were decreased more significantly, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The total efficiency of the observation group was 94.1%, which was statistically higher than the control group (79.4%, P< 0.05).Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of mometasone furoate nasal spray combined with montelukast in the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children is significant, which can effectively reduce the adenoid nasopharynx ratio, improve the symptoms of snoring, mouth breathing, nasal congestion, improve the quality of life of patients, and the effective ratio was higher than single drug treatment, which was worthy to apply on clinic.

A study on the usefulness of local anaesthesia for the laser vaporization of conizations in the uterine cervix.

The purpose of our study is to evaluate the need to use anaesthesia during laser ablation treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in populations of Asian women. Forty patients who were to undergo the ablation of CIN grade 1 or 2 were randomly divided into two groups. One group of patients was treated without any anaesthesia and the other group was treated using a paracervical block with lidocaine. The patients' experience of pain during the procedure was measured. These evaluations included an objective assessment made by the surgeons during the procedure using an objective pain scoring system, and a subjective estimation made by the patients themselves after the procedure using a visual analogue scale. Patients' feelings concerning the acceptability of either procedure were also elicited. Our results show that the case distribution of objective pain scores between the two groups of patients is not statistically different (p > 0.05). The mean visual analogue score of the patients who were not given anaesthesia (24.1%, SD 9.4) does not differ statistically from that of the patients who were administered a paracervical block (25.0%, SD 10.0, p > 0.05). Further, the acceptability rates of both groups are high (85% with paracervical block, 90% without anaesthesia), and the overall rates of the two groups are not statistically different (p > 0.05). These results imply that there may be differences in pain perception between Eastern and Western women. We conclude that in populations of Asian women, it is unnecessary to use anaesthesia during cervical laser ablation.

Controlled reopen suture technique for pyloric exclusion.

BACKGROUND: Pyloric exclusion had been widely used in the management of complicated duodenal injuries. The original concept of pyloric exclusion was that this technique would temporarily exclude the pylorus during the healing phase, but would subsequently allow resumption of normal gastrointestinal tract transit through the duodenum. The best method for pyloric exclusion has not been well established. Controversies exist regarding the need for a gastrojejunostomy and vagotomy as part of the procedure. None of these combinations can fulfill the original concept of pyloric exclusion and avoid late complications. METHODS: We developed a controlled reopen suture technique for pyloric exclusion. This technique was applied to nine patients (group II) with a complicated blunt duodenal injury over the past 5 years. The clinical courses and outcomes of these patients were compared with an eight-patient comparison group treated by pyloric exclusion and gastrojejunostomy (group I) over the same time period. RESULTS: All 17 patients survived. There were one early (duodenal wound leakage) and two late complications (marginal ulcers) in the group I patients. No delayed complications were found in the group II patients. The average hospital stay was about the same in both groups. CONCLUSION: The controlled reopen suture technique is a quick and simple procedure. In the treatment of a complicated blunt duodenal injury, if repair of the duodenal wound will not compromise the lumen, gastrojejunostomy and vagotomy can be omitted when using this technique. This technique offers the best combination of limited surgery in the severely injured patient, effective exclusion of the duodenum until after the healing has occurred, and allowance for the resumption of normal gastrointestinal tract transit through the duodenum. The late complications of gastrojejunostomy can also be avoided.