To Protect Health Care Workers Better, To Save More Lives With COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has thus far caused a total of 81,747 confirmed cases with 3283 deaths in China and more than 370,000 confirmed cases including over 16,000 deaths around the world by March 24, 2020. This issue has received extensive attention from the international community and has become a major public health priority. As the pandemic progresses, it is regrettable to know the health care workers, including anesthesiologists, are being infected constantly. Therefore, we would like to share our firsthand practical experience and perspective in China, focusing on the personal protection of health care workers and the risk factors related to their infection, based on the different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.

Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Function with Psychological Well-Being in School-Aged Children.

BACKGROUND: Promotion of psychological well-being (PWB) is an emerging social, educational, and health objective, especially for school-aged children. Few studies have examined key correlates and determinants of PWB in school-aged children. This study aimed to examine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function with psychological well-being in school-aged children. METHODS: The study participants were 752 fourth-grade students (mean age = 9.61 years, SD = 0.608) recruited from six elementary schools. Students took the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run® test to assess their cardiorespiratory fitness, and the d2 Test of Attention to assess concentration performance, attention span, and attention accuracy. They also completed the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale to assess their psychological well-being (PWB). After removing missing values and outliers from the original data set, the final data set, consisting of 689 cases (370 boys vs. 319 girls), was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, multiple linear regression models, and independent sample t-tests. RESULTS: The results indicated that cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function are significant correlates of PWB (r = -0.069, r = 0.161). Further, the results found that cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, attention span, and attention accuracy were significantly collective predictors of psychological well-being (F = 13.299, p = 0.000), accounting for 12% of the total variance. Cardiorespiratory fitness was the most significantly individual predictor of PWB (ß = 0.174, p = 0.000), followed by the attention accuracy (ß = -0.090, p = 0.031). The Welch's tests revealed that the high-PWB group scored significantly higher than the low-PWB group in cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, and attention accuracy (t = 4.093, p = 0.000, Cohen's d = 0.310; t = 3.340, p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.256; t = -2.958, p = 0.003, Cohen's d = 0.130). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function are significant correlates and predictors of PWB among school-aged children. The students with a higher level of psychological well-being showed a higher cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, and attention accuracy compared to the lower level of PWB group.

Enhanced recovery after surgery for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Review of current evidence and trends.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains a morbid procedure. The use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways has proven to reduce care time and post-operative complications after colorectal surgery. There is a high potential for reducing morbidity associated with PD by utilizing ERAS. Guidelines for perioperative care after PD were published in 2013, but these recommendations could even change in one year. The purpose of this review is to examine the current evidence for ERAS in preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative setting of care for PD patients and to propose ERAS evidence-based protocol for patients undergoing PD. Evidence indicates that ERAS protocols may be implemented in PD without compromising patient safety or increasing length of stay. ERAS in the context of PD should be standardized based on the best available evidence, and ERAS programmes involving multiple centers should be performed.

The Association of Physical Activity and Academic Behavior: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: In this systematic review, we assessed the existing research describing the effects of physical activity (PA) on academic behavior, with a special focus on the effectiveness of the treatments applied, study designs, outcome measures, and results. METHODS: We obtained data from various journal search engines and 218 journal articles were downloaded that were relevant to PA and academic performance topics. The abstracts of all the articles were independently peer reviewed to assess whether they met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The literature search was ongoing. Of the reviewed articles, 9 were chosen on the topic of PA effects on academic behavior. Each article was analyzed and summarized using a standard summary template. RESULTS: Overall, PA interventions commonly found positive effects on academic behavior, with few exceptions. There were additional unique findings regarding differences in outcome measures and PA treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from these studies are significant and support the implementation or continuation of PA in schools to improve academic behavior and associated performance. More research needs to be conducted using the effective aspects of the treatments from this review with consistent outcome measures.