A synergetic promotion of surface stability for high-voltage LiCoO2 by multi-element surface doping: a first-principles study.

The utilization of high-voltage LiCoO2 is an effective approach to break through the bottleneck of practical energy density in lithium ion batteries. However, the structural and interfacial degradations at the deeply delithiated state as well as the associated safety concerns impede the application of high-voltage LiCoO2. Herein, we present a synergetic strategy for promoting the surface stability of LiCoO2 at high voltage by Ti-Mg-Al co-doping and systematically study the effects of the dopants on the surface stability, electronic structure and Li+ diffusion properties of the LiCoO2 (104) surface using first-principles calculations. It is found that Ti, Mg and Al dopants can be facilely introduced into the Co sites of the LiCoO2 (104) surface. Furthermore, the co-doping could significantly stabilize the surface oxygen of LiCoO2 at a high delithiation state. Particularly, by aggregating Ti-Mg-Al co-dopant distribution in the surface layer, surface oxygen loss is dramatically suppressed. In addition, analysis of the electronic structure indicates that Ti-Mg-Al co-doping can enhance the electronic conductivity of the LiCoO2 (104) surface and greatly inhibit the charge deficiency of the superficial lattice O atoms at a highly delithiated state. In spite of a negligible improvement in the surface Li+ diffusion kinetics, the Ti-Mg-Al surface-modified LiCoO2 is expected to exhibit improved electrochemical performance at high voltage due to its superior surface stability. Our results suggest that aggregating Ti, Mg and Al co-dopant distribution in the surface layer is a promising modulation strategy to synergistically promote the surface oxygen stability of LiCoO2 at high voltages.

Epidemiological characteristics of alcohol-related liver disease in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) in China. METHODS: Studies published between January 2000 and January 2023 were searched from 3 databases in English and 3 databases in Chinese. DerSimonian-Laird's random-effects model was adopted to calculate the pooled prevalence. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of ALD was 4.8% (95% CI, 3.6%-6.2%) in the general population, 9.3% (95% CI, 4.4%-16.0%) in males, and 2.0% (95% CI, 0.0%-6.7%) in females. The prevalence was the highest in western China (5.0% [95% CI, 3.3%-6.9%]) and the lowest in central China (4.4% [95% CI, 4.0%-4.8%]). The prevalence among people with different drinking histories (less than 5 years, 5 to 10 years, and over 10 years) was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.2%-1.9%), 4.6% (95% CI, 3.0%-6.5%), and 9.9% (95% CI, 6.5%-14.0%), respectively. The prevalence in 1999-2004 was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.0%-6.7%) and then changed from 4.3% (95% CI, 3.5%-5.3%) in 2005-2010 to 6.7% (95% CI, 5.3%-8.3%) in 2011-2016. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ALD in China has increased in recent decades, with population-related variations. Targeted public health strategies are needed, especially in high-risk groups, such as male with long-term alcohol drinking. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The registration number on PROSPERO is CRD42021269365.

Closure line-free anastomosis: a modified end-to-end anastomosis technique.

Anastomotic leakage is a severe complication of colorectal surgery. It usually occurs at two areas at risk of ischemia in the anastomotic configuration. We introduce a method that can remove all of the potentially ischemic areas, which is expected to reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage.

Higher Mean Arterial Pressure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass May Not Prevent Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

We aimed to evaluate the role of higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in preventing development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods. We evaluated a population of elderly individuals >60 years of age undergoing CPB to find correlation of MAP during CPB with development of AKI after the surgery. Patients who experienced sustained low MAP during the CPB defined as that of <65 mmHg were compared with those that had sustained high MAP of >65 mmHg for their outcome with regard to AKI. The KDIGO criteria were used to define presence of acute kidney injury. Results. Of the total 92 patients, 50 were in the low-pressure group and 42 were in the high-pressure group. The MAP was 61.14 ± 5.54 mmHg in the low-pressure group and 68.97 ± 3.65 mmHg in the high-pressure group (p < 0.001). 13 (26%) in the low-pressure group and 17 (40.48%) in the high-pressure group developed AKI (p = 0.140). Male sex was associated with an increased incidence of cardiac surgery-associated AKI (p = 0.034). Conclusions. A higher MAP in the range of 65-75 mmHg during the cardiopulmonary bypass does not significantly prevent acute kidney injury in elderly patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery.

Is metformin use associated with a reduced risk of oesophageal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Studies on the association between metformin use and the risk of oesophageal cancer (OC) have generated controversial findings. This updated meta-analysis was conducted to reassess the effects of metformin on OC. METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was conducted to select relevant studies from origination to February 2021. Heterogeneity was evaluated through the Q test and I2 statistics. HRs and 95% CIs were pooled through either random-effect or fixed-effect models. Meta-regression, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnosis were also performed. RESULTS: Seven studies with 5 426 343 subjects were included. Metformin use was associated with reduced risk of OC (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.87, p<0.001). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were relatively stable. CONCLUSION: Metformin is associated with a reduced risk of OC. More well-designed studies are still needed to further elaborate on these associations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021237127.

Intentional replantation of periodontally involved hopeless teeth: a case series study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the clinical effect, the healing modes, and the potential influence factors of intentional replantation for periodontally hopeless teeth in combination with regeneration techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intentional replantation was operated on forty-eight periodontally hopeless teeth from forty-eight patients. The clinical indexes and the X-ray films were recorded during the follow-up period of 18 months. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test or the paired T test was adopted to carry out the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The overall survival rate at the ninth month was 95.8% and declined to 91.7% at the eighteenth month. The improved rate of the mobility was 89.1% at the ninth month and the ankylosis percentage was 77.3% at the eighteenth month. The survival rate and mobility-improved rate of anterior teeth were both better than that of posterior teeth. Probing depth and bone loss decreased while ginginval recession increased (P < 0.05). Smoking had an adverse effect on both mobility improvement and bone gain (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intentional replantation for periodontally hopeless teeth could achieve favorable outcomes through a reasonable healing mode of tooth ankylosis. Strict control of infection and smoking could improve the success rate of this procedure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To provide additional treatment for allowance of flexible options when patients and dentists are faced with periodontally hopeless teeth.

Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary for locally advanced rectal cancer patients with pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Current clinical guidelines recommended the routine use of adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. However, the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery showed discrepancies in different investigations. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. All original comparative studies published in English that were related to adjuvant versus non-adjuvant chemotherapy for LARC patients with pCR were included. RESULTS: A total of 6 studies based on 18 centres or databases involving 2948 rectal cancer patients with pCR (adjuvant group = 1324, non-adjuvant group = 1624) were included in our overall analysis. Based on our meta-analysis, LARC patients with pCR who received adjuvant chemotherapy showed a significantly improved overall survival (OS) when compared to patients with observation (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.46-0.90, P = 0.01). In addition, investigations focused on this issue based on the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were systematically reviewed in our current study. Evidence from all three analyses demonstrated that LARC patients with clinical nodal positive disease that achieved pCR might benefit the most from additional adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved OS in LARC patients with pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery.

Effects of plasma exchange combined with continuous renal replacement therapy on acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) in the third trimester or early postpartum period can lead to fatal liver damage. Its traditional therapy is not very effective in facilitating hepatic recovery. The safety and effect of plasma exchange (PE) in combination with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (PE+CRRT) for AFLP still needs evaluation. METHODS: Five AFLP patients with hepatic encephalopathy and renal failure were subjected to PE+CRRT in our department from 2007 to 2012. Their symptoms, physical signs and results were observed, and all relevant laboratory tests were compared before and after PE+CRRT. RESULTS: All the 5 patients were well tolerated to the therapy. Four of them responded to the treatment and showed improvement in clinical symptoms/signs and laboratory results, and they were cured and discharged home after the treatment. One patient succeeded in bridging to transplantation for slowing down hepatic failure and its complications process after 2 treatment sessions. Intensive care unit stay and hospital stay were 9.4 (range 5-18) and 25.0 days (range 11-42), respectively. CONCLUSION: PE+CRRT is safe and effective and should be used immediately at the onset of hepatic encephalopathy and/or renal failure in patients with AFLP.

[Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for upper ureteral calculi: a report of 1171 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcomes and values of transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy. METHODS: A total of 1171 patients with upper ureteral calculi were recruited during September 1999 to February 2012. The etiologies included impacted calculi (n = 1100), non-impacted calculi (n = 71), multiple ureteral calculi (n = 51) and combined small calculi in unilateral kidney (n = 139). Maximum diameter of calculi was 1.5 (0.8-2.6) cm. All patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and double J stent was implanted intraoperatively. RESULTS: Two cases were converted into open operation. Calculi moving up into pelvis occurred in 27 cases. And 25 cases converted into laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and stones were removed successfully. Two cases received extra extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy postoperatively. The remaining 1142 cases were treated successfully with an operative duration of 56.1 (26-160) min and an estimated volume of blood loss at 45.2 (10-250) ml. The period of drainage tube was 3.1 (1-7) days. Postoperative hospitalization stay was 4.8 (3-9) days. One patient suffered urine leakage and healed at Day 6 days post-operation. Ten cases suffered D-J stent bladder non-arrival or retraction and double J stents were extracted by ureteroscopy. One case suffered paralytic ileus and recovered 7 days later. Another case suffered severe hematuria. No intestine or adjacent viscera injury was observed. The follow-up period of 827 cases was 7.3 (24-108) months. Among 12 cases of ureteral stricture, ureteral dilation (n = 7) and ureteral anastomosis (n = 3) were performed. For 5 cases of renal atrophy, 3 underwent nephrectomy because of recurrent lumbago or persistent urinary infection. CONCLUSIONS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy has the advantages of minimal morbidity, little postoperative discomfort and high stone clearance rate over open surgery. It should be widely adopted for the patients with upper ureteral impacted calculi.

Immediate Implant Placement With or Without Immediate Provisionalization in the Maxillary Esthetic Zone: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To determine whether immediate implant placement and loading renders different outcomes from delayed loading with respect to midfacial mucosal level in the maxillary esthetic area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane), identifying eligible clinical studies published prior to December 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immediate implant placement with or without immediate loading in the maxillary esthetic zone with a mean follow-up of at least 12 months were selected for qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was adopted to assess the quality of the evidence. The heterogeneity between the pooled literature was analyzed through the chi-square test (P < .05) and quantified by the I2 index. A mixed-effects model was applied if it appeared that there was noteworthy heterogeneity; otherwise, a random-effects model was chosen. For continuous outcomes, the estimate of relative effect was presented to display the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs. For dichotomous variables, the Mantel-Haenszel statistical method was applied with effect sizes expressed as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. This study is registered on PROSPERO with number CRD42017078611. RESULTS: Out of 5,553 records, 8 RCTs were involved, providing data for 324 immediately placed implants (immediate implants subjected to immediate loading [IPIL]: 163; immediate implants subjected to delayed loading [IPDL]: 161) that had been in function within 12 to 60 months. Meta-analyses revealed significantly lower midfacial mucosal level changes for IPIL compared with IPDL, pointing to 0.48 mm (95% CI: -0.84 to -0.12; P = .01), as well as more significant papillary recession after IPDL (SMD -0.16; 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.00; P = .04). The differences regarding implant survival and marginal bone loss between the two loading groups showed no statistical significance. The result of metaanalyses revealed similar plaque score (SMD 0.03; 95% CI: -0.22 to 0.29; P = .79) and probing depth (SMD -0.09; 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.05; P = .21) for IPIL and IPDL. On the other hand, IPIL induced a trend toward more bleeding on probing (SMD 0.22; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.42; P = .04) and less change in facial ridge dimension (SMD 0.94; 95% CI: -1.49 to -0.39; P < .01). CONCLUSION: After a follow-up ranging from 12 to 60 months, midfacial mucosa level change was 0.48 mm lower following IPIL compared with IPDL. Immediate implant placement and loading is conducive to the preservation of physiologic soft and hard tissue architecture, appearing to offer considerable benefits in the anterior zone. In summary, IPIL should be considered in the esthetic zone if the primary implant stability permits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023;38:422-434. doi: 10.11607/jomi.10112.

The joint effect of female sex and food insecurity on self-reported mood disorder among Canadian adults: the Canadian community health survey.

BACKGROUND: Food insecurity is prevalent in Canada and may influence mental health, particularly among females. The present study examined the joint effect of female sex and food insecurity on mood disorders. METHODS: The study used data from 104,420 adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the 2017/2018 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Log-binomial models explored the independent and joint associations of female sex and food insecurity with the prevalence of self-reported mood disorder. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (S) were used to assess the additive interaction of female sex and food insecurity. The complex survey design was taken into consideration. RESULTS: The prevalence of mood disorder was 6.7% for males and 11.4% for females, with an adjusted prevalence ratio being 1.59 (95% CI 1.51, 1.68) for females versus males. Mood disorder was associated with moderate food insecurity (PR 2.06, 95% CI 1.91, 2.23) and severe food insecurity (PR 3.29, 95% CI 3.06, 3.55). There was a significant additive interaction between female sex and food insecurity in association with the prevalence of mood disorders among females aged 18 to 39 years (RERI 1.19, 95% CI 0.27,2.08). CONCLUSION: Food insecurity was associated with an increased prevalence of mood disorders, especially in younger females. Interventions that facilitate access to food while being cognizant of the socioeconomic vulnerabilities of females may have substantial benefits for the prevention and management of mood disorders.

First-in-Human Transapical Beating-Heart Septal Myectomy in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND: To simplify surgical septal reduction therapy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), we developed a novel transapical beating-heart septal myectomy (TA-BSM) procedure. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we sought to evaluate the clinical utility of TA-BSM in a first-in-human trial. METHODS: Patients with HOCM were enrolled if they presented with drug-refractory disabling symptoms. TA-BSM was performed via minithoracotomy with the use of our beating-heart myectomy device under echocardiographic guidance, without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Repeated resections were performed to tailor the extent of the septal myectomy for sufficient abolishment of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and mitral regurgitation (MR). The primary outcome measure was procedural success, defined by resting/provoked LVOT gradient <30/50 mm Hg and residual MR grade ≤1+ (of 4+) at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients aged 12 to 77 years were enrolled. Of the 46 patients who were followed for 3 months, 42 achieved procedural success. The maximal LVOT gradient decreased from 86 mm Hg (IQR: 67-114 mm Hg) at baseline to 19 mm Hg (IQR: 14-28 mm Hg) at 3 months. MR grade was ≤1+ in 3 patients at baseline and in 45 patients at 3 months. One patient died on postoperative day 10 owing to device-unrelated reasons. Other major adverse events included 1 delayed ventricular septal perforation and 1 intraoperative left ventricular apical tear. CONCLUSIONS: TA-BSM is a safe and efficient minimally invasive procedure for septal reduction of heterogeneous HOCM. Compared with conventional septal myectomy, TA-BSM provides real-time evaluation to guide resection while reducing surgical trauma. (Transapical Beating-Heart Septal Myectomy in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy; NCT05332691).

[Comparison of the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and probiotics combined with deanxit in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study and compare the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and probiotics combine Deanxit in treating diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). METHODS: Totally 64 D-IBS patients accompanied with anxiety and/or depression were randomly assigned to the Western medicine group (Group A) and the electroacupuncture (EA) group (Group B), 30 patients in Group A and 34 patients in Group B. Patients in Group A took Bacillus licheniformis and Deanxit, while those in Group B received EA. Four weeks consisted of one therapeutic course. Three-month follow-up was carried out. The scoring for the digestive tract symptoms, HAMA score, and HAMD score were evaluated before and after treatment. The recurrence in the 3-month follow-up was also observed. RESULTS: The total effect rate was 86.67% in Group A and 88.24% in Group B with no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was statistical difference in the scoring for the digestive tract symptoms, HAMA score, and HAMD score (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the improvement of defecation frequency score, HAMA score, HAMD score between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). Better effects on improving abdominal pain score and abdominal distention score was obtained in Group B (P < 0.01), while better effects on improving the stool form score and mucus score were obtained in Group A (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups within the two-month follow-up (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate within the 3-month follow-up was obviously lower in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EA and Western medicine (probiotics combined Deanxit) could effectively treat D-IBS patients accompanied with anxiety and/or depression. Both of them had different superiorities in improving symptoms. But EA had better long-term therapeutic effects.

Effect of Watering down Environmental Regulation on Residents' Health in China: A Quasi-Natural Experiment of Local Officials' Promotion Motivation.

Environmental performance is increasingly important in promoting officials, whose pursuit of promotions and related behavior may affect the health of residents in their jurisdictions. In this study, we spatially matched Chinese river water quality monitoring station data, enterprise pollution emission data, and resident health data and quantified how Chinese officials pursuing promotions based on environmental performance affected resident health using a regression discontinuity design and difference-in-difference with interaction terms design strategy. The results show that the upstream-downstream disparity of environmental governance and pollutant emissions affects the residents' health, medical treatment behavior, and medical expenditure. Furthermore, we identified the causal relationship between official promotion and upstream-downstream disparity and estimated the marginal effect of promotion on residents' health. The study suggests that local officials limit the pollution emissions of enterprises in the upstream river to achieve environmental performance and relax the pollution restrictions of firms in the downstream river to achieve economic performance, such that the health of residents near the river is differentially affected.

A visual knowledge map analysis of mine fire research based on CiteSpace.

Mine fire has always been a serious disaster in coal industry; many academic achievements have poured out in the past two decades for solving this problem. In this study, visual analysis was conducted to grasp the hotspots and development trend of mine fire research. Papers that published in 1999-2020 were retrieved as the data basis from Web of Science, and CiteSpace was used to carry out knowledge map analysis. The results shown that number of papers has increased steadily since 2005 and achieved explosive growth since 2014. Deng J is the first published author among many scholars. China, the USA, and Australia are active areas in mine fire research and China University of Mining and Technology ranks first in this field. The highest co-occurrence frequency keyword is "spontaneous combustion." International Journal of Coal Geology and Fuel provide guidance for mine fire research. Fire prevention technology, low carbon, ecology, and sustainable development are the hot research in recent years. The prevention and control of mine fire from combustion mechanism should be further strengthened.

Perfluoroalkyl substances in the surface water and fishes in Chaohu Lake, China.

The concentration and composition of 13 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and fishes in Chaohu Lake, China, were systematically studied in October 2019. Results showed that the PFASs composition has changed greatly. The concentration levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the surface water of Chaohu Lake have decreased significantly compared with past years. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) has become the dominant component, and it was mainly come from industrial wastewater. The highest concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was measured in the lake inlet of the Baishitian River (southwest part), which mainly received domestic sewage. Different types of wastewater lead to varying compositions of PFASs in the lake water. PFOA and PFBS were homologous in some areas of Chaohu Lake, which reflected the unbalanced promotion of prohibition and substitution of long-chain PFASs around Chaohu Lake. On the basis of the risk quotient and tolerable daily intake assessment, drinking water and eating fish from Chaohu Lake do not lead to apparent PFAS risk, but PFOS in fish has evident bioaccumulation and biomagnification effects. PFOS-based human daily intake of Channa argus accounts for 22.4% of the tolerable daily intake. Thus, the risk caused by PFOS needs close attention. This study is useful for enhancing people's understanding of the environmental behavior and the risk of PFASs in Chaohu Lake.

[Scraping needling technique combined with western medication for neurogenic tinnitus of kidney essence deficiency：a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of scraping needling technique combined with western medication and simple western medication for neurogenic tinnitus of kidney essence deficiency. METHODS: A total of 68 patients with neurogenic tinnitus of kidney essence deficiency were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 34 cases in each group. In the control group, oral methylcobalamin tablets were given, 0.5 mg each time, 3 times a day; oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules were given before bed, 5 mg each time, once a day, 4 weeks in total. On the basis of the treatment as the control group, scraping needling technique was applied at Tinghui (GB 2), Yifeng (TE 17), Yangchi (TE 4) on the affected side and Shenshu (BL 23), Lieque (LU 7), 5 min each acupoint, once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Before treatment, 2, 4 weeks into treatment and 4 weeks after treatment (follow-up), the tinnitus severity score, tinnitus visual analogue scale (VAS) score and pure tone average (PTA) were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in the two groups. RESULTS: The tinnitus severity scores, VAS scores and PTA of each time point after treatment in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rates of each time point after treatment in the observation group were 50.0% (17/34), 79.4% (27/34), 79.4% (27/34), which were higher than 26.5% (9/34), 64.7% (22/34), 61.8% (21/34) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Scraping needling technique combined with western medication could improve tinnitus severity, tinnitus volume and hearing in patients with neurogenic tinnitus of kidney essence deficiency, and its curative effect is better than simple western medication.

Targeting autophagy in aortic aneurysm and dissection.

Autophagy is a well-conserved biological process that maintains homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that autophagy plays an important role in various cardiovascular diseases, such as aneurysm, aortic dissection, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we summarize the current experimental evidence on the function of autophagy and autophagy proteins in aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD). AAD is a very serious aortic disease, and there are currently no effective drug treatment options. Studies have shown that autophagy is activated during AAD. However, the role of autophagy in AAD is still controversial. For example, knocking out autophagy related 5 (ATG5) or ATG7 to inhibit autophagy and excessive autophagy activation can promote the occurrence of AAD. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated that rapamycin and metformin, which are autophagy activators, can delay the progression of AAD. Thus, targeting autophagy has the potential to become a new therapeutic strategy for AAD. In addition, we discuss the recent research progress on AAD from the perspective of single-cell RNA sequencing. Moreover, we offer our perspective on current challenges and barriers in this research field.

Minimally Invasive Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation: A review.

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, there is no specific treatment that clearly provides a benefit in functional outcome or mortality. Surgical treatment for hematoma evacuation has not yet shown clear benefit over medical management despite promising preclinical studies. Minimally invasive treatment options for hematoma evacuation are under investigation but remain in early-stage clinical trials. Robotics has the potential to improve treatment. In this paper, we review intracerebral hemorrhage pathology, currently available treatments, and potential robotic approaches to date. We also discuss the future role of robotics in stroke treatment.