RESUMO
Buruli ulcer (BU) is a skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and a neglected tropical disease of the skin (skin NTD). Antibiotic treatments are available but, to be effective in the absence of surgery, BU must be detected at its earliest stages (an innocuous-looking lump under the skin) and adherence to prescribed drugs must be high. This study aimed to develop multisensory medical illustrations of BU to support communication with at-risk communities. We used a Think Aloud method to explore community health workers' (n = 6) experiences of BU with a focus on the role of their five senses, since these non-medical disease experts are familiar with the day-to-day challenges presented by BU. Thematic analysis of the transcripts identified three key themes relating to 'Detection,' 'Help Seeking,' and 'Adherence' with a transcending theme 'Senses as key facilitators of health care'. New medical illustrations, for which we coin the phrase "5D illustrations" (signifying the contribution of the five senses) were then developed to reflect these themes. The senses therefore facilitated an enriched narrative enabling the production of relevant and useful visuals for health communication. The medical artist community could utilise sensory experiences to create dynamic medical illustrations for use in practice.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Infecções por Chlamydophila/microbiologia , Chlamydophila/patogenicidade , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Animais , Doenças do Gato/transmissão , Gatos , Infecções por Chlamydophila/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Chlamydophila/transmissão , Infecções por Chlamydophila/veterinária , Feminino , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , ZoonosesRESUMO
The year 2024 is the Centenary of the foundation of the Leprosy Relief Association (Lepra), formerly the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA). The name of the organization changed to the LEProsy Relief Association (LEPRA) in 1976 but has been known as Lepra since 2008. Over the years it has worked closely with members and office holders of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Its work has encompassed activities from the earliest initiatives to ensure appropriate living conditions for those with the disease to the development of leprosy chemotherapy. However, this has now evolved into a strong partnership between the UK- and India-based Lepra hubs, which are carrying out research and public health initiatives ranging from elimination of prejudice against those with leprosy to adopting the recently launched WHO programme for skin NTDs to facilitate integrated control and management regimens. The fight against leprosy has always been a partnership between a wide variety of disease-specific NGOs, health-care workers and international health agencies. The story of Lepra illustrates the central role of these partnerships and national as well as international collaboration.
Assuntos
Hanseníase , Hanseníase/história , Hanseníase/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Índia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Cooperação Internacional/história , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Hansenostáticos/uso terapêutico , Reino Unido , Saúde Pública/história , Medicina Tropical/históriaRESUMO
On 8 June 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) released pivotal guidance, "Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A strategic framework for integrated control and management of skin-related neglected tropical diseases." Skin-related neglected tropical diseases, or skin NTDs, comprise a group of NTDs that produce signs and symptoms on the skin and include at least 9 diseases or disease groups. Moving away from disease-specific approaches, it is anticipated that synergies will be identified and integrated building on this shared feature, where possible, to achieve a greater health impact. This paper intends to draw attention to the prospects created by this scheme. The framework is a key basis for a proposal produced by WHO dedicated to skin NTD integration and describes the practical opportunities for this evolving strategy. It underlines the wider health benefits that will follow, thus working towards Universal Health Coverage and skin health for all.
Assuntos
Doenças Negligenciadas , Medicina Tropical , Humanos , Doenças Negligenciadas/prevenção & controle , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Saúde GlobalRESUMO
The Community Dermatology Program established in the state of Guerrero, Mexico for almost 30 y provides an adaptable method of detecting and monitoring skin neglected tropical diseases such as mycetoma, which is endemic in the state. The program utilises general and thematic teaching elements combined with distance learning through teledermatology, direct patient consultations and close collaboration with community teams. Using this approach, a picture of mycetoma in Guerrero has emerged, with a focal hot spot located in the southern part of the state in the Costa Chica region. Although in much of Mexico Nocardia infections dominate, in this area there are also substantial numbers of cases of eumycetoma. This combined approach provides a means of early case detection and long-term surveillance through targeted use of a small specialist team.
Assuntos
Dermatologia , Micetoma , Medicina Tropical , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Micetoma/epidemiologia , Micetoma/terapia , PeleRESUMO
Many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect the skin, causing considerable disability, stigma, and exacerbation of poverty. However, there has been relatively little investment into laboratory research, epidemiology, diagnostic tools or management strategies to control tropical skin disease. Integration may advance the control of skin disease across a range of domains, including mapping, diagnosis, clinical management, and community control measures such as mass drug administration. Examples of successful integration strategies include programs targeting scabies, impetigo, yaws, and diseases causing lymphoedema. Future strategies should build on these experiences and the experience of integration of other NTDs, strengthen existing health systems, and contribute toward the attainment of Universal Health Coverage. Strong partnerships and political support and will be necessary to achieve these goals.
Assuntos
Doenças Negligenciadas/prevenção & controle , Dermatopatias/prevenção & controle , Medicina Tropical , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Doenças Negligenciadas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Negligenciadas/parasitologia , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/parasitologia , Medicina Tropical/normas , Medicina Tropical/tendênciasAssuntos
Impetigo , Escabiose , Azitromicina , Humanos , Ivermectina , Administração Massiva de Medicamentos , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Recursos em Saúde , Tuberculose Cutânea/prevenção & controle , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/prevenção & controle , Criança , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Humanos , Tuberculose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The recent article by Mohammed et al. demonstrates an impressive effect of ivermectin mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis on the burden of scabies. Partnering scabies research within the evaluation and monitoring of Neglected Tropical Disease programmes could potentially increase our understanding of the epidemiology and control of scabies and its important bacterial complications.
Assuntos
Antiparasitários/administração & dosagem , Filariose Linfática/prevenção & controle , Doenças Endêmicas/prevenção & controle , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Escabiose/epidemiologia , Animais , HumanosAssuntos
Doenças Negligenciadas/prevenção & controle , Dermatopatias/prevenção & controle , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/educação , Atenção à Saúde , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Dermatopatias/classificação , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/terapia , Medicina Tropical , VoluntáriosRESUMO
Programs that have been devised to improve the lot of patients with skin disease, or disease presenting with skin signs and symptoms, in resource-poor regions have focused mainly on education and training or community-oriented control measures. However, both have in common an objective of managing disease at population level. Training has been delivered in different ways both by direct teaching for varying periods of time or by web-based and electronic communication; control measures have been less in evidence and there is a great need for more support from funding agencies. Despite this, there is now a growing number of successful initiatives in health improvement for skin conditions that cover many parts of the world. This report describes many of these schemes as an example of what can be done to help patients.
Assuntos
Medicina Comunitária/economia , Medicina Comunitária/educação , Letramento em Saúde/economia , Dermatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/economia , Humanos , Pobreza , Saúde Pública/economia , Saúde Pública/educação , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , TelemedicinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pyoderma (bacterial superficial skin infection) is an extremely common disorder in tropical developing countries. In these settings, Streptococcus pyogenes is considered to be the main etiological agent. Apart from epidemics of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis where mass treatment with intramuscular benzathine-penicillin is recommended, no recommendation exists for the treatment of pyoderma in this setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral amoxicillin in the treatment of pyoderma in Mali, by comparison with oral erythromycin. METHODS: In Bamako, 132 patients with pyoderma, diagnosed and graded as "severe" on clinical grounds, were randomly assigned to an oral treatment by either amoxicillin (50 mg/kg per day) or erythromycin; infections of the follicular appendage were excluded. Both drugs were associated with the topical application of povidone iodine. The patients were evaluated openly at the seventh day of treatment for cure or marked improvement of the clinical features, indicating successful treatment. RESULTS: Three patients were lost to follow-up. Treatment was successful in 57 of 64 patients treated with amoxicillin vs. 58 of 65 patients treated with erythromycin (P = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Amoxicillin was as efficacious as erythromycin in the treatment of severe pyoderma in Mali. Owing to its efficacy, added to high availability and low cost, this compound should be considered a first-line treatment of this disorder in this country, and perhaps in other countries where this condition presents in a similar way.
Assuntos
Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Eritromicina/administração & dosagem , Pioderma/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Amoxicilina/economia , Antibacterianos/economia , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Quimioterapia Combinada , Eritromicina/economia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mali , Povidona-Iodo/administração & dosagem , Pioderma/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Se ralizó un estudio transversal para determinar la prevalencia de las enfermedades piógenicas de la piel en el medio rural, su asociación a factores de riesgo y costo por atención. Se encuestaron un total de 211 casas con una población de 1,387 personas; se encontró una prevalencia del 6 por ciento de piodermias; sobre los factores de riesgo estudiados, se encontró que una persona que convive con otros pacientes con esta dermatosis tiene más de seis vece el riesgo de tener la enfermedad comparada con otra que no refirió este antecente (RR 6.6, RD 0.12 Xmh 5.6); se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística donde se incluyeron varios factores de manera simultánea