RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The therapeutic alliance (TA) has been shown to be a predictor of psychotherapy treatment success. In the case of psychotherapy with children, there is a dearth of information on TA's role. The aims of the paper are: (1) To estimate the therapist effects on children TA; (2) to investigate if therapists' TA predicts children's TA; (3) to analyze if children's age and sex predict children's TA; (4) to evaluate if the therapist's characteristics predict children's TA. METHODS: The sample consisted of 77 children undergoing psychotherapy in Argentina, and the therapists (N = 29) providing services to those children. The assessment tools utilized for the study included the Therapy Alliance Scale for Children and the Personal Style of the Therapist Questionnaire (PST-Q). RESULTS: Findings indicated that 2% of the children's TA was explained by the therapists (ICC = 0.02), while 17% of the therapists' TA was explained by the therapists (ICC = 0.17). Therapists' TA predicted children's TA. Children's age and sex did not have an effect on their own TA. Moreover, therapists with more experience achieved higher scores of children's TA. Finally, the Operative dimension of the PST had a negative effect on children's TA (i.e., therapists who prefer more spontaneous interventions over structured ones may experience higher levels of therapeutic alliance with child patients). CONCLUSION: We found a positive effect of the therapist's TA on children's TA, especially in the preference for using more spontaneous intervention techniques. We discuss the implications of the findings on the training of psychotherapists who provide services to children.
Assuntos
Aliança Terapêutica , Criança , Humanos , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Psicoterapeutas , Psicoterapia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar a una muestra de mujeres parturientas de Mendoza (Argentina), atendiendo a variables personales y contextuales. Materiales y métodos: estudio con enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental-transversal y alcance descriptivo.Muestra no probabilística-intencional, conformada por 73 mujeres que fueron entrevistadas 48 horas después de que habían dado a luz en un hospital público de la ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una escala de factores demográficos y socioeconómicos y un formulario de datos médicos. De ellos se obtuvieron diferentes estadísticos descriptivos. Resultados: se registraron embarazos adolescentes, consumo moderado de alcohol y tabaco durante la gestación,niveles de educación predominantemente bajos, gran índice de desempleo suplidos, en algunos casos, por ayudas económicas gubernamentales y un predominio de la estructura familiar tradicional. El porcentaje de partos por cesárea fue menor al 30% y los valores de edad gestacional, peso, talla, pulso, perímetro cefálico y puntaje Apgar de los recién nacidos resultaron esperables. Conclusiones: a partir de los resultados encontrados se visibiliza la necesidad de implementar acciones políticas que permitan garantizar los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres usuarias del sistema público de salud durante su embarazo, parto y puerperio. Se considera relevante trabajar sobre la prevención del embarazo adolescente, un mayor y mejor registro en las historias clínicas y el mejoramiento de las condiciones edilicias. A su vez, se alienta a continuar con las prácticas actuales que han permitido disminuir la tasa de mortalidad materna y neonatal..(AU)
Objective: characterize a sample of parturient women from Mendoza (Argentina), attending to personal and contextual variables. Materials and methods: it was used a quantitative approach with no experimental-transversal design and descriptive scope. Non-probabilistic-intentional sample, consisting of 73 women who were interviewed 48 hours after they had given birth in a public hospital in the City of Mendoza. The data was collected through a scale of demographic and socioeconomic factors and a medical data form. Different descriptive statistics were obtained. Results: there were some adolescent pregnancies, moderate consumption of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy, predominantly low education levels, high unemployment rate, in some cases, supplemented by government financial aid and a predominance of the traditional family structure. The percentage of cesarean deliveries was less than 30% and gestational age, weight, height, pulse, head circumference and Apgar score of newborns were expected. Conclusions: actions and policies are required to guarantee the reproductive rights of women who use the public health system during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. It is also considered essential to work on the prevention of adolescent pregnancy, a greater and better record in the medical books and the improvement of building conditions. At the same time, it is encouraged to continue with the current practices that have boosted to reduce the maternal and neonatal mortality rate..(AU)
Assuntos
Gravidez , Trabalho de Parto , Saúde Pública , Assistência PerinatalRESUMO
En el presente trabajo, de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, se propuso realizar una modificación del Test de Habilidades Cognitivas de Solución de Problemas Interpersonales para niños (EVHACOSPI), de García Pérez y Magaz Lago. Estas modifcaciones suponen un enfoque centrado en los recursos psicológicos propios de la psicología positiva. En este estudio participaron 30 escolares, con edades entre los 7 y los 9 años, quienes provienen de contextos de vulnerabilidad social. Los resultados señalan que, en la mayoría de los casos, los niños(as) identificaron correctamente las pautas de solución, hallaron difcultades para describirlas y visualizaron consecuencias emocionales positivas. Se concluye que la versión modificada del test podría utilizarse como complemento de la versión original y contribuir a la evaluación y promoción de las habilidades de solución de problemas.
This exploratory and descriptive study presents a modification of the EVHACOSPI test developed by García Pérez and Magaz Lago and intended to evaluate children's interpersonal problem-solving cognitive abilities. These modifications draw upon a Positive Psychology approach which brings together psychological resources. The responses were obtained from a sample of 30 children aged 7-9 from poverty-stricken contexts. The findings suggest that most children were capable of identifying solutions, had dificulties describing them and displayed positive emotional consequences. The study concludes that the modified version of the test can be used as a complement of the original version and can contribute to the evaluation and development of problem-solving abilities.