[Transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health care]. / La transition entre soins pédopsychiatriques et soins en psychiatrie adulte.

Adolescents and young adults are at particularly at-risk population in mental health. For a large majority of patients suffering from chronic psychiatric condition, the age of onset of psychiatric symptoms is less than 24 years, while the coverage in psychiatric care is the lowest between 16 and 24. Presenting a psychiatric pathology during childhood and adolescence constitutes an independent risk factor for the occurrence of adverse life events in adulthood. Furthermore, that population is at the edge between child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS). Transition is the deliberate and planned movement from CAMHS to AMHS. CAMHS and AMHS struggle to achieve optimal transitions between them. Many barriers exist at the interface of the two types of structure and some young people who require continuous care during this period do not have access to it. There are also too few specific psychiatric services for the population of adolescents and young adults. Some recommendations emerge to intend to guide practices, but the literature lacks data to better define this population and build guidelines about the transition between CAMHS and AMHS and about specific services for adolescents and young adults in psychiatry.

Les adolescents et jeunes adultes constituent une population particulièrement à risque en santé mentale. Pour une grande majorité des patients souffrant d'une pathologie psychiatrique chronique, l'âge d'apparition des symptômes est inférieur à 24 ans, alors que la couverture en soin psychiatrique est la plus faible entre 16 et 24 ans. La présence d'une pathologie psychiatrique durant l'enfance ou l'adolescence constitue un facteur de risque indépendant pour la survenue d'événements de vie défavorables à l'âge adulte. Cette population se situe par ailleurs à la lisière entre soins pédopsychiatriques et soins psychiatriques adultes. La transition est le passage délibéré et planifié d'un service de pédopsychiatrie vers un service de psychiatrie adulte. Ces deux systèmes de soins peinent à s'accorder pour réaliser des transitions optimales. De nombreuses barrières existent à l'interface des deux types de structures et certains jeunes qui nécessitent une prise en charge continue durant cette période de leur vie n'y ont pas accès. Il existe également trop peu de services psychiatriques pouvant accueillir cette population de manière spécifique. Certaines pistes émergent pour tenter de guider les pratiques, mais la littérature manque de données permettant de définir cette population et de créer des guidelines en ce qui concerne la transition entre pédopsychiatrie et psychiatrie adulte ainsi que la création de dispositifs psychiatriques spécifiques pour les adolescents et jeunes adultes en psychiatrie.

[Treatment of depression with transcranial magnetic stimulation]. / La stimulation magnétique transcrânienne dans le traitement de la dépression.

Major depression disorder is a frequent psychiatric condition with serious consequences. Many patients don't respond to usual psychopharmacological and/or psychotherapeutic treatments. This observation has stimulated the research of alternative treatment options. Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a recent therapeutic tool with few side effects. Its efficacy relies on stimulation of cortical networks through the application of a magnetic field on the skull. rTMS has been approved as a full therapeutic option for major depressive disorder by the FDA in 2008. It could therefore be routinely used in the future and complete the usual treatments in this condition. Our paper reviews what is currently known about the clinical use of rTMS in major depressive disorder.

[Panic, somatization and exercise]. / Panique, somatisation et activité physique.

Somatizations are present in many psychiatric disorders including anxiety and affective disorders, somatoform disorders and several personality disorders. Panic attacks are one of the most typical examples of somatizations: they are characterized by a focusing of attention towards physiological arousal signals and by a pathological interpretation of them as indicating an imminent danger or a serious sickness. Regular physical activity is associated with decreasing somatization, probably through adaptive mechanisms of serotonergic circuits implicated in anxiety and nociception regulation.

[The impact of regular physical activity on physical and mental health: how motivate the patient?]. / L'impact d'une activité physique régulière sur la santé physique et mentale: comment motiver le patient?

A sedentary lifestyle is associated with the development of numerous diseases and seems to increase in western societies. The influence of a regular physical activity in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, cancers, anxious and depressive disturbances is summarized. Potential mechanisms of its positive influence are discussed and prescription recommendations are made.