The Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Injection in Tear Trough Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) injection is an effective method to correct tear trough deformity. Nevertheless, the quantitative data of cosmetic results and complications of HA injection in tear troughs remained unemployed. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the current quantitative data on the aesthetic outcomes and adverse effects of tear trough deformity correction with HA injection. METHODS: This meta-analysis consulted PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases based on the search terms published before September 2022. Data extracted was analyzed to evaluate the satisfaction rates and complications of HA injection. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model for overall and subgroup analysis. RESULTS: This meta-analysis comprised 31 reports involving 2556 participants. The pooled overall satisfaction rate was 91.0% (95% CI 84.9-95.7%). The pooled rates of swelling/edema and bruising/ecchymosis were 19.2% (95% CI 10.4-29.9%) and 18.4% (95% CI 10.1-28.4%), respectively. The pooled rates of redness/erythema, contour irregularity/lump and blue discoloration/Tyndall effect were 7.1% (95% CI 1.5-15.6%), 5.3% (95% CI 1.8-10.2%) and 0.9% (95% CI 0.0-2.5%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis manifested a low risk of complication rate and a high satisfaction rate in tear trough rejuvenation with HA injection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

[Latissimus dorsi transfer to restore thoracic malformation of Poland's syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study the methods and points for attention of latissimus dorsi muscle flap transplantation to correct the thoracic malformation of Poland's syndrome. METHODS: From 1995 to 2003, 10 patients were diagnosed of Poland's syndrome with absence of pectoris major muscle in all patients. The latissimus dorsi muscle flap was exposed and transferred through a vertical lateral thoracic cut and a short cut beneath the axillary fold. Reconstruction of the anterior axillary wall is one of the major goals to be achieved in this operation. RESULTS: All of the latissimus dorsi muscle flaps survived. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved after 1-2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The latissimus dorsi muscle flap has a stable and reliable blood supply. It is an ideal muscle flap to restore the thoracic malformation of Poland's syndrome.

Vitamin D - pivotal nutraceutical in the regulation of cancer metastasis and angiogenesis.

Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated that vitamin D may play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Vitamin D is one of the most pivotal nutraceuticals whose active metabolite, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), possesses anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and pro-differentiating capabilities. Accumulating evidence indicates that the potential benefits of using vitamin D in cancer are not only anti-cancer cell proliferation which is linked with its anti-inflammatory effects, including the suppression of prostaglandin metabolism and inhibition of NF-κB signaling, but also suppressing tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Here, we present a systematic summary of the effects of vitamin D in the chemoprevention and chemotherapy of cancer, especially anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic actions.