RESUMO
AIM: To investigate across multiple cycles the efficacy and safety of palonosetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC/MEC). PATIENTS & METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to 10, 20 µg/kg palonosetron or 3 × 150 µg/kg ondansetron for up to four cycles of HEC/MEC. RESULTS: In all on-study chemotherapy cycles, complete response rates were higher in patients in the 20 µg/kg palonosetron group than the ondansetron group. Treatment-emergent adverse events were comparable between the palonosetron 20 µg/kg and ondansetron groups. CONCLUSION: Over four cycles of HEC/MEC, 20 µg/kg palonosetron was an efficacious and safe treatment for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients.