Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and pregnancy. / Infekce lidským papilomavirem (HPV) a gravidita.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide, which may result in the development in benign lesions or malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection is twice as high in pregnancy as in non-pregnant women. Additionally, there is a risk of vertical transmission of HPV from mother to fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. Various studies have reported an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in HPV-positive women, including miscarriage, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and fetal death. HPV vaccination is not currently recommended during pregnancy. On the other hand, there is no evidence linking HPV vaccination during pregnancy with adverse pregnancy outcomes and termination of pregnancy is not justified in this case.

[Induction of labor]. / Indukce porodu.

UNLABELLED: Data published in this guideline are based on previous guideline issued by Society of Perinatal Medicine of Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society (CGPS) [55], international guidelines and data from peer-reviewed journals. The fundamental document for this guideline is guideline issued by The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGS) Induction of labor, No. 296, 2013 (reviewed 2015) [61]. The literature review is added to the aforementioned document and some of its recommendations are further discussed in this guideline. DESIGN: Review of literature.

[Prevention of preeclampsia - review]. / Prevence preeklampsie - prehledový clánek.

Preeclampsia is a serious condition that affects about five percent of pregnant women. The disorder itself or related complications are responsible for a significant percentage of maternal and fetal morbidity, even in developed countries. Although our understanding of etiology is still limited, the possibility of detecting and evaluating certain angiogenic factors by the end of the first trimester gives food for thought about prospects for preeclampsia prevention. Secondary prevention is currently based mostly on the effort to pharmacologically affect the spiral artery transformation and development of the abnormal placental microcirculation which lead to clinical symptoms of preeclampsia. The preventive treatment options are narrow. Greatest effect was noted with acetylsalicylic acid medication in the at-risk population. The dose of 75-150 mg per day is considered optimal. The treatment should start before the 16th gestational week; later initiation of therapy is associated with considerably smaller effect. The incidence of the early-onset preeclampsia (<34th gestational week) can be reduced up to 50% while preventive treatment affects the late-onset preeclampsia only minimally. Calcium supplementation is effective only in women with low calcium intake. Question for the future as well as subject of several studies is a clinical significance of low molecular weight heparin and sildenafil.