Finegoldia magna, not a well-known infectious agent of bacteriemic post-sternotomy mediastinitis.

Post-sternotomy mediastinitis, a nosocomial infection mostly caused by staphylococci, can be life-threatening. A case of mediastinitis due to Finegoldia magna after a coronary artery bypass graft surgery was reviewed. Although this bacterium is difficult to be isolated from routine blood cultures, a F. magna bacteriemia associated with mediastinitis was diagnosed.

Aspergillus Mediastinitis after Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: A Case Report.

A 55-year-old woman was admitted for orthotopic heart transplantation. Her medical history was notable for multiple cardiovascular problems, including ischemic cardiomyopathy that necessitated circulatory support with a left ventricular assist device. Five weeks after undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation, she developed Aspergillus calidoustus mediastinitis, for which she underwent a prolonged course of antifungal treatment that comprised (in sequence) posaconazole for 11 days, voriconazole for 10 days, and amphotericin B for 42 days. During this period, she also underwent repeated mediastinal drainage and sternal débridement, followed by sternal wiring and coverage with bilateral pectoralis advancement flaps. Four months postoperatively, she was discharged from the hospital with a successfully controlled infection and a healed sternum. To our knowledge, only 3 previous cases of Aspergillus mediastinitis after orthotopic heart transplantation have been reported in the literature, none of which was Aspergillus calidoustus.

Ascending necrotizing mediastinitis secondary to emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Mediastinal infections usually originate from postoperative complications or in a descending manner from a cervical infectious process; few reports have emerged describing an ascending trajectory. A 56-year-old woman with a Huang class 1 left emphysematous pyelonephritis was referred due to a progression of an ascending necrotizing mediastinitis. A left posterolateral thoracotomy was performed, drainage and thorough lavage were carried out with a successful outcome. We believe this is the first reported case of ascending necrotizing mediastinitis secondary to an emphysematous renal infection.

Effect of polymyxin B-containing regimens on renal function for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriacea mediastinitis

ABSTRACT A retrospective cohort study, were evaluated: polymyxin B plus aminoglycosides or polymyxin B plus other antibiotics. Any degree of acute kidney injury occurred in 26 (86.6%) patients. The median time to acute kidney injury was 6.0 (95% CI 3-14) days in the polymyxin-aminoglycoside containing regimen group, against 27.0 (95% CI 6-42) days in the polymyxin with other antimicrobial combinations group (p = 0.03). Polymyxin B with aminoglycosides group progressed faster to any degree of renal dysfunction.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis associated with spinal cord abscess.

A 58-year-old man with a history of Ludwig's angina was admitted with a spinal cord abscess at the level of C2-T1 and associated osteomyelitic destruction of vertebral bodies, spinal cord compression, and secondary quadriparesis, followed by descending mediastinitis. A right posterolateral thoracotomy and a cervicotomy drained purulent exudates. A tracheostomy was performed, and the patient was discharged after 84 days.

Mycoplasma hominis mediastinitis after acute aortic dissection repair.

We report a case of ascending aortic graft infection by an atypical bacteria, Mycoplasma hominis, with mediastinitis, a dreaded complication after cardiac surgery. A 55-year-old patient underwent ascending aorta replacement for acute type A dissection. He developed sternal instability and purulent discharge, requiring sternal wire removal and debridement. Cultures were initially sterile, but showed M. hominis infection after a significant delay and in specific culture media. The patient was treated with doxycycline and moxifloxacine. Cultures became negative and the sternum was closed on the 28th postoperative day after the first debridement. Recovery was favorable, with no signs of infection. Antibiotics were continued for one year. The patient is still asymptomatic 16 months after antibiotic interruption. Atypical organisms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute mediastinitis of unknown etiology after routine microbiological investigations.