Resin infiltration versus fluoride varnish for visual improvement of white spot lesions during multibracket treatment. A randomized-controlled clinical trial.

AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the visual improvement of resin infiltration of white spot lesions (WSL) during orthodontic treatment with the multibracket appliance (MBA) compared to fluoride varnish. METHODS: Patients aged 12-17 years with at least one WSL with an International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score of 1-2 during an active MBA treatment were included and randomized to receive either resin infiltration (Icon) or fluoride application (Flairesse). Standardized digital images were obtained before, one-day, one-week, one-month, three-months and six-months after treatment using a DSLR camera and a matching polarization filter. A grey reference card was used for color standardization. A Matlab routine was used to measure the color difference between adjacent healthy enamel and treated WSL. The independent-samples t-test was used for intergroup and paired-samples t-test for intragroup comparison. RESULTS: Images of 116 teeth from 36 patients were analyzed. The ΔE for the "Icon" treated WSL was smaller (T1ICON = 5.0 ± 1.4) than in the fluoride group (T1Fluoride = 8.4 ± 3.2). Caries infiltration significantly improved the aesthetic appearance of WSL (p < 0.001), which remained satisfactory at six months (T5ICON = 5.2 ± 1.6). CONCLUSION: WSL infiltration management during orthodontic treatment was superior to topical fluoridation in not only arresting the enamel lesions but also significantly improving the aesthetic appearance of demineralized regions around the brackets. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: WSL treatment in orthodontic patients is usually initiated after debonding. Research has shown that the earlier WSL is treated, the better the aesthetic outcome. There is limited data on the efficacy of resin infiltration of WSL during orthodontic treatment.

Evaluation of Starch as an Environmental-Friendly Bioresource for the Development of Wood Bioadhesives.

The environment is a very complex and fragile system in which multiple factors of different nature play an important role. Pollution, together with resource consumption, is one of the main causes of the environmental problems currently affecting the planet. In the search for alternative production processes, the use of renewable resources seeks a way to satisfy the demands of resource consumption based on the premises of lower environment impact and less damage to human health. In the wood sector, the panel manufacturing process is based on the use of formaldehyde-based resins. However, their poor moisture resistance leads to hydrolysis of amino-methylene bonds, which induces formaldehyde emissions throughout the lifetime of the wood panel. This manuscript investigates the environmental profile associated with different wood bioadhesives based on starch functionalization as a renewable alternative to formaldehyde resins. Considering that this is a process under development, the conceptual design of the full-scale process will be addressed by process modeling and the environmental profile will be assessed using life cycle assessment methodology. A comparative study with synthetic resins will provide useful information for modify their development to become real alternatives in the wood-based panel industry. The results obtained show the enormous potential of starch bioadhesives, as their environmental impact values are lower compared to those based on petrochemicals. However, certain improvements in the energy process requirements and in the chemical agents used could be developed to provide even better results.

Healing of the post extractive socket: technique for conservation of alveolar crest by a coronal seal.

The first aim of the following experimental study was to assess bone changes in the horizontal and vertical dimension when using different socket preservation procedures. The second objective of our work was also to compare two clinical methods of coronal seal's management: an experimental group was treated using the natural extracted tooth; another experimental group saw the use of a provisional resin preformed as a seal technique. In twelve patients a premolar tooth was extracted without elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap and the patients were randomly distributed into four groups. The first and second group was considered as a control groups: in the first, the extraction socket was left with its blood clot and interrupted sutures were applied; In the second, the extraction socket was filled with BioOss Collagen (Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and a free gingival graft was sutured to cover the socket. The third and fourth groups was considered as a test group. In the third group, after tooth extraction, for aesthetic reasons, the root of the natural dental element is cut to allow immediate temporary prosthesis. In the fourth group, as in group 3, the patient is discharged through a temporary restoration performed or by the dental technician or directly to the chair. Standardized photographs were taken eight months after tooth extraction. Five competent observers analyzed the esthetic outcome according to the PES. To assess the level of bone healing at the extraction site, the following parameters were evaluated: 1) changes in soft tissue and 2) changes in bone level. As for soft tissues, they were assessed using the PES score by two assessments, four weeks apart. The overall scores of the four treatment groups revealed PES values of 8.47 (SD 2.08, group 3), 6.62 (SD 3.24, group 4). The differences between groups 1 and 2 and were statistically significant (P=0.015 and P=0.047). The single parameter analysis displayed a certain range of fluctuation and heterogeneity. As regards hard tissue, during the 6-month period, bone remodeling occurred in all four experimental groups with different percentages. The mean vertical loss of the buccal bone plate for the Tx 1 group was -2 ± 0.2 mm. The Tx 2 group showed vertical loss of - 0.34 ± 0.2 mm. The Tx 3 group demonstrated - 0.3 mm of mean vertical loss and the 4 groups demonstrated -0.46 of mean vertical loss. The horizontal dimension of the alveolar process was 13.5 ± 0.1 mm, 7.6 ± 0.1 mm e 6.7 ± 0.1 mm at the three different levels for the Tx 1 group. The Tx 2 group depicted bone dimensions of 14.4 ± 0.2 mm, 13.7 ± 0.3 mm e 13.4 ± 0.1 mm. The horizontal dimension of the Tx 3 - Tx 4 group was 13.7 ± 0.3 mm, 13.1 ± 0.1 mm e 13 ± 0.1 mm and 13.5 ± 0.1 mm, 13.2 ± 0.1 mm e 12.9 ± 0.1 mm. The findings from the present study disclose that incorporation of coronal seals define a particular respect to the buccal bone plate.

The efficacy of resin infiltrate on the treatment of white spot lesions and developmental opacities.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in opacities by applying resin infiltrate to developmental enamel opacities and applying resin infiltrate or fluoride varnish to white spot lesions (WSLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 132 teeth with WSLs and developmental enamel opacities were included in the study. WSLs were treated with resin infiltrate (Group 1) and fluoride varnish (Group 2), and developmental enamel opacities were treated with only resin infiltrate (Group 3). Lesions were evaluated in accordance with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria and DIAGNOdent Pen scores before applying the material (T0), just after the application (T1), and after 1 month (T2) and 3 months (T3). RESULTS: A significant decrease in DIAGNOdent Pen scores was observed in all the groups and the most important decrease was seen in Group 2 (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in ICDAS II scores was observed in Groups 2 and 3 (T0-T1) and Group 1 (T1-T2) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DIAGNOdent pen scores decreased and the lesion was partially masked after resin infiltrate was applied to treat developmental enamel opacities; the resin infiltrate application, however, was more successful than fluoride varnish on WSLs. Treating WSLs with resin infiltrate was a good option due to shorter term esthetic recovery and high patient satisfaction.

Resin infiltration technique and fluoride varnish on white spot lesions in children: Preliminary findings of a randomized clinical trial.

AIM: To clinically assess the efficacy of resin infiltration versus fluoride varnish for arresting white spot lesions (WSLs) on permanent teeth in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Among the children referred to the our University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 23 aged between 8-14 with 81 anterior WSLs were included in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either the resin infiltration group or the fluoride varnish group. WSLs were assessed using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent pen, Kavo, Germany) and were characterized at baseline, immediately following resin infiltration application and at a 6-month follow-up. For the statistical analyses, the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Turkey) program was used to assess the findings of the study. RESULTS: Participant retention was 100% at 6 months. There was no significant difference between the two groups when baseline DIAGNOdent (DD) values were compared (P > 0.05). The reduction in 6-month follow-up DD values were statistically significant in both groups relative to baseline values. The 6-month values of the resin infiltration group were statistically lower than those of the fluoride varnish group (P = 0.028, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Resin infiltration and fluoride varnish are clinically feasible and efficacious methods for the treatment of anterior WSLs. The inhibition of caries progression by resin infiltration should now be considered an alternative to fluoride treatment.

Inhibition of denture plaque by TiO2 coating on denture base resins in the mouth.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Information is lacking about antiadhesion effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating on denture base resins in the mouth. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the antiadhesion effect of TiO2 coating on denture base resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten healthy dentate participants (mean 27 ±2 years of age) participated in this study. Disks and palatal appliances were made with denture base resin. They were divided into 2 groups: a TiO2-coated group and an uncoated group. A primer and a top coat containing TiO2 were applied to the surfaces of the resin by means of an air spray. In the denture plaque staining test, resin disks were fixed to the retainer, placed in each participant's mouth for 3 days, and stained with a dental plaque-disclosing solution. The staining rate was calculated. The resin disks and palatal appliances were used to measure the total number of microbes. The resin specimens were placed in each participant's mouth for either 3 or 7 days and swabbed to count the total number of microbes. The chewing gum adherence test was performed both subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, each participant wearing a palatal appliance rated adherence using a visual analog scale. The objective test was performed with a chewing gum adhesion test. The staining rate, the total number of microbes, and the visual analog scale values were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the adhesive force was statistically analyzed using a Student t test. RESULTS: In the denture plaque staining test, the measurement of microbes, and the resin chewing gum adherence test results, significant differences were observed between the TiO2-coated groups and the uncoated groups. CONCLUSIONS: TiO2 coating of the denture base acrylic resin inhibited the adhesion of microbes, denture plaque, and highly adhesive food.

The effect of temporary restorative materials on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

This study was designed to investigate the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth temporarily restored with some commonly used interim materials. Of 90 extracted maxillary premolars used in this study, 15 were left intact as the positive control. Endodontic treatment was performed on the remaining 75 teeth. The endodontically treated teeth were then randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 15). One group was not restored and served as the negative control. In the remaining 4 experimental groups, the teeth were restored with a temporary cement: Zonalin, IRM, Coltosol, or Fuji II LC resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). The fracture strengths of all teeth were measured with a universal testing machine. The fracture strength of teeth restored with RMGI was significantly greater than that of other groups (P < 0.001), including intact teeth (P = 0.025). The fracture strength of teeth restored with other temporary materials was significantly lower than that of intact teeth (P < 0.05) but not significantly different from that of the negative control. From a structural resistance standpoint, RMGI may be the best choice for short-term temporary restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Other types of temporary restorative material had no reinforcing effect on tooth structure.

Bisphenol A in Solid Waste Materials, Leachate Water, and Air Particles from Norwegian Waste-Handling Facilities: Presence and Partitioning Behavior.

The plastic additive bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly found in landfill leachate at levels exceeding acute toxicity benchmarks. To gain insight into the mechanisms controlling BPA emissions from waste and waste-handling facilities, a comprehensive field and laboratory campaign was conducted to quantify BPA in solid waste materials (glass, combustibles, vehicle fluff, waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), plastics, fly ash, bottom ash, and digestate), leachate water, and atmospheric dust from Norwegian sorting, incineration, and landfill facilities. Solid waste concentrations varied from below 0.002 mg/kg (fly ash) to 188 ± 125 mg/kg (plastics). A novel passive sampling method was developed to, for the first time, establish a set of waste-water partition coefficients, KD,waste, for BPA, and to quantify differences between total and freely dissolved concentrations in waste-facility leachate. Log-normalized KD,waste (L/kg) values were similar for all solid waste materials (from 2.4 to 3.1), excluding glass and metals, indicating BPA is readily leachable. Leachate concentrations were similar for landfills and WEEE/vehicle sorting facilities (from 0.7 to 200 µg/L) and dominated by the freely dissolved fraction, not bound to (plastic) colloids (agreeing with measured KD,waste values). Dust concentrations ranged from 2.3 to 50.7 mg/kgdust. Incineration appears to be an effective way to reduce BPA concentrations in solid waste, dust, and leachate.

Infiltration and sealing versus fluoride treatment of occlusal caries lesions in primary molar teeth. 2-3 years results.

BACKGROUND: Studies examining the efficacy of sealing occlusal caries lesions in the primary dentition are limited, and no studies have so far examined the efficacy of infiltrating occlusal lesions on primary molar teeth. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of infiltrating, sealing, or fluoride varnishing on the occlusal surfaces with initial caries lesions. DESIGN: Split-mouth design study was carried out with 50 children aged between 5 and 8 years with three occlusal lesions. After randomization, one lesion was infiltrated with ICON and varnished with Duraphat (I+F), one lesion was sealed with Delton and varnished with Duraphat (S+F), and one lesion only varnished with Duraphat (F). RESULTS: Lesion status could be followed on radiographs on 47 children after 2-3 years (mean=22 months). Seven lesions in the I+F group, 9 lesions in the S+F, and 17 lesions in the F group showed radiographic progression. A significant difference in lesion progression was only found between the I+F- and the F group of teeth (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Infiltration and sealing occlusal surfaces with initial caries lesions on primary molar teeth showed a high efficacy in arresting caries progression, significant for the I+F or borderline significant for the S+F compared with the F group.

[THE INFLUENCE OF MODERN ORTHOPEDIC CONSTRUCTIONS ON THE CONDITION OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES OF PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS].

Patients with generalized periodontitis studied the effect of the partial removable denture made from acrylic met and thermoplastic materials on the state of periodontal tissues. The results of clin- ical studies have shown a significant improvement in oral hygiene, positive change in activity indi- cators current generalized periodontitis: patients for whom orthopedic constructions are made of thermoplastic mass, reduce the depth of periodontl pockets, tooth mobility, bleeding and inflamma- tion of the interdental, papillae and the gingival margin.

Bile acid sequestrants: glucose-lowering mechanisms and efficacy in type 2 diabetes.

Bile acids are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and have traditionally been recognized for their role in absorption of lipids and in cholesterol homeostasis. In recent years, however, bile acids have emerged as metabolic signaling molecules that are involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, and possibly energy homeostasis, through activation of the bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and TGR5. Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) constitute a class of drugs that bind bile acids in the intestine to form a nonabsorbable complex resulting in interruption of the enterohepatic circulation. This increases bile acid synthesis and consequently reduces serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Also, BASs improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Despite a growing understanding of the impact of BASs on glucose metabolism, the mechanisms behind their glucose-lowering effect in patients with type 2 diabetes remain unclear. This article offers a review of the mechanisms behind the glucose-lowering effect of BASs, and the efficacy of BASs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Minimal intervention dentistry and older patients part 2: minimally invasive operative interventions.

UNLABELLED: As described in the first paper of this two part series, the expansion of our older population and the concomitant reduction in levels of edentulism will result in an increase in the number of patients presenting in general practice with complex restorative challenges. The application of the concepts of minimal intervention dentistry and minimally invasive operative techniques may offer a powerful armamentarium to the general dentist to provide ethical and conservative treatment to older patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When it is unavoidable, operative intervention should be as minimally invasive as practicable in older patients to preserve the longevity of their natural dentition.

Co-location of air capture, subseafloor CO2 sequestration, and energy production on the Kerguelen plateau.

Reducing atmospheric CO2 using a combination of air capture and offshore geological storage can address technical and policy concerns with climate mitigation. Because CO2 mixes rapidly in the atmosphere, air capture could operate anywhere and in principle reduce CO2 to preindustrial levels. We investigate the Kerguelen plateau in the Indian Ocean, which offers steady wind resources, vast subseafloor storage capacities, and minimal risk of economic damages or human inconvenience and harm. The efficiency of humidity swing driven air capture under humid and windy conditions is tested in the laboratory. Powered by wind, we estimate ∼75 Mt CO2/yr could be collected using air capture and sequestered below seafloor or partially used for synfuel. Our analysis suggests that Kerguelen offers a remote and environmentally secure location for CO2 sequestration using renewable energy. Regional reservoirs could hold over 1500 Gt CO2, sequestering a large fraction of 21st century emissions.

[Efficacy of one year treatment of icon infiltration resin on post-orthodontic white spots].

OBJECTIVE: To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of icon infiltration resin on masking post-orthodontic white spots. METHODS: Eight post-orthodontic patients with 6 maxillary anterior teeth showing signs of decalcification (total 48 teeth) were enrolled in this study. All teeth were treated with icon resin infiltration according to manufacturer's recommendation. Standardized digital photographs were taken before, immediately after and 1 week, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Before taking pictures the assigned teeth were cleaned using pumice and rubber polishing cups. The results were classified into three groups: completely masked, partially masked, and unchanged. Pictures of partially masked teeth were analyzed using image analysis software (Image-pro plus 6.0), size of the white spot lesion (W) and the whole tooth facial surface (T) were measured, then W/T ratio (in %) was calculated. The images were imported into image analysis software (Photoshop) which presented the images into histograms of gray scale from (0 to 255). RESULTS: Among the 48 teeth, 11 teeth (22.9%, 11/48) were classified as completely masked, whereas 37 teeth (77.1 %, 37/48) were classified as partially masked and no tooth unchanged. For partially masked teeth, W/T ratio decreased significantly after treatment from 31.37% to 7.99% (by Wilcoxon's signed rank test, P<0.05). The means at gray scale for the initial and 1 week photographs after treatment were 188.07± 5.62 and 143.20± 7.03 respectively, and there was significant difference by Wilcoxon,s signed rank test (P<0.05). The data of 6 and 12 months after treatment were 136.33± 4.54 and 139.57± 3.70 respectively, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in comparison to 1 week after treatment. CONCLUSION: Resin infiltration was proven to be an effective treatment for masking white spot lesions. The surface color of infiltrated lesions remained stable after 12 months.

Resin infiltration of proximal caries lesions differing in ICDAS codes.

Resin infiltration of non-cavitated proximal caries lesions has been shown to inhibit further demineralization. However, the effect of resin infiltration in cavitated lesions is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate infiltration patterns of proximal caries lesions differing in International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) codes. Extracted human molars and premolars showing proximal caries lesions with and without cavitations (ICDAS codes 2-5) were etched with 15% hydrochloric acid gel and resin infiltrated according to the manufacturer's instructions. Three sections from each lesion were prepared and analyzed using a dual-fluorescence staining technique and confocal microscopy. The dimensions of the demineralized and cavitated lesions areas, as well as the resin-infiltrated parts within these lesions, were measured. The demineralized parts were infiltrated from 73% to 100% (median values) but the cavities were filled only negligibly (0-5%). Teeth that had an ICDAS code of 5 showed a significantly lower percentage infiltration/filling of lesions compared to teeth with ICDAS codes of 2 and 3. It was concluded that under in vitro conditions the tested infiltrant penetrates most parts of the demineralized enamel but is not capable of filling up cavities and therefore the efficacy of caries infiltration, particularly in lesions with larger cavitations, might be impaired.

Resin Infiltration Therapy: A micro-invasive treatment approach for white spot lesions.

Purpose: The demand for esthetic dentistry has led to the development of new treatments for white spot lesions (WSLs). Microinvasive therapies, such as resin infiltration, have been used to treat demineralized enamel. Recently, resin infiltration using the active ingredient triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), has been used to restore WSLs. The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate the evidence on TEGDMA, an innovative resin that has been introduced, as an alternative dental material for treating WSLs.Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using key words pertaining to WSLs and resin infiltration including cosmetic dentistry; dental caries; dental materials; general dentistry; sealants; technology for patient care. Evidence was incorporated from biomedical data bases including PubMed and the Cochrane Library, which formed the framework for the review.Results: Based on the synthesis of the evidence, resin infiltration using TEGDMA is an effective alternative treatment option for WSLs. Studies suggest that the outcomes for micro-invasive procedures using resin infiltration may vary depending on the depth of the lesion.Conclusion: Resin infiltration, using TEGDMA, removes minimal amounts of enamel and preserves the hard tissue surrounding the WSLs. Additionally, TEGDMA restores the natural fluorescence, hardness, and texture of intact enamel. Future studies are needed to assess the long-term clinical effects of resin infiltration using this material on both permanent and primary dentition.

Treatment of developmental defects of enamel.

Developmental defects of enamel are encountered daily in our dental practice. The management of enamel hypomineralized lesions may be challenging, especially as esthetic concern around the young population is increasing. Resin infiltration, a new technique firstly proposed to halt caries progression in the posterior segment, showed a strong positive esthetic effect in the treatment of developmental defects with different etiologies. Future in-vivo studies are needed to evaluate the longterm color stability, in order to provide a strong clinical recommendation.

Efficacy of sealants and bonding materials during fixed orthodontic treatment to prevent enamel demineralization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To analyse clinical studies investigating coating agents such as sealants and other bonding materials to prevent the initiation or inhibit the progress of white spot lesions (WSL) during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Electronic databases (Pubmed, CENTRAL, EMBASE) were screened for studies. No language restrictions were applied. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were done in duplicate. Primary outcome included assessment of WSL with visual-tactile assessment and/or laser fluorescence measurements. Twenty-four studies with 1117 patients (age: 11-40 years) and 12,809 teeth were included. Overall, 34 different sealants or bonding materials were analysed. Fourteen studies analysed fluoride and 14 studies non-fluoride releasing materials. Meta-analysis for visual tactile assessment revealed that sealants significantly decreased the initiation of WSL compared to untreated control (RR [95%CI] = 0.70 [0.53; 0.93]; very low level of evidence). Materials releasing fluoride did not decrease initiation of WSL compared to those with no fluoride release (RR [95%CI] = 0.84 [0.70; 1.01]; very low level of evidence). For laser fluorescence measurements no meta-analysis could be performed. The use of sealants seems to be effective in preventing the initiation of post-orthodontic WSL. Furthermore, there is no evidence supporting that fluoride-releasing sealants or bonding materials are more effective than those without fluoride release. No gold standard prevention strategy to prevent WSL during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances has been established yet. However, based on only a limited number of studies the use of sealants seems to be effective in preventing the initiation of post-orthodontic WSL.

Treatment modalities for caries management, including a new resin infiltration system.

Seemingly against all odds, dental caries still affects most people in the US. While fluoridated products, school-based screening and cleaning programs, better patient education, and professional and chemotherapeutic interventions have all impacted certain populations, caries is still the most prevalent chronic childhood disease and continues to affect a high percentage of adolescents, young and middle-aged adults, and seniors. Much research has proven that dental caries is not just an occasional cycle of cavitation but a complex and infectious disease process. Historically, addressing the caries challenge has relied on prevention and restoration, with no intermediary means to stop lesion progression. Recently, a technique called caries infiltration was introduced that fills the noncavitated pores of an incipient lesion with a low-viscosity resin by capillary action, creating a barrier that blocks further bacterial diffusion and lesion development. This microinvasive method for stabilizing early lesions requires no drilling or anesthesia and does not alter the tooth's anatomic shape. In cases of white spot lesions in the esthetic zone, it also eliminates opaqueness and blends with surrounding natural teeth. This article presents an overview of caries prevention initiatives and a case demonstrating the new caries infiltration technique. Combined with shifting the focus to caries risk assessment, this promising technology may prove to be a significant addition to the profession's caries treatment armamentarium.

Caries infiltration with resins: a novel treatment option for interproximal caries.

Noninvasive (preventive) measures involving fluoridation, dietary control, and oral hygiene instruction, as well as invasive restorative methods, are the standard treatment options for interproximal caries. Intermediate treatment options, similar to pit-and-fissure sealing on occlusal surfaces that has been shown to be effective in preventing and inhibiting caries, have not yet been established on interproximal surfaces. Recently, the application of resins on interproximal caries lesions has been studied and improved, leading to the development of new materials, which infiltrate and seal the carious lesion, improving the inhibition of caries progression. Clinical data show this new technique complements existing treatment options for interproximal caries by delaying the time point for a restoration and consequently closing the gap between noninvasive and invasive treatment options.