Contemporary management and natural history of aberrant right subclavian artery.

OBJECTIVE: An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most common congenital anomaly of the aortic arch. A paucity of reported studies is available regarding the treatment of these patients. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the contemporary management strategies and natural history of ARSA in these patients. METHODS: A single-center retrospective review of patients with a diagnosis of ARSA from 2009 to 2019 was performed. Computed tomography scans were analyzed, and the aortic and ARSA diameters were measured at 10 different segments. The demographic data, comorbidities, and operative interventions were collected. The patients were categorized into those who had undergone intervention and those who had undergone expectant management. Linear mixed effect models were used to estimate the annual ARSA diameter changes. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients with ARSA were identified, 17 (57%) of whom were women. The average age for the cohort was 54.5 ± 14.6 years. Of the 30 patients, 20 (67%) had undergone operative repair at presentation and 10 (33%) were initially observed. The most common presenting symptom was dysphagia (30%). Of the 10 patients who had been initially treated expectantly, 4 had subsequently required intervention. Of the 24 operative interventions, 13 (54%) were hybrid procedures involving right carotid-subclavian bypass or transposition and thoracic endovascular aortic repair. The mean diameter of ARSA at its origin was 20.4 ± 5.7 mm, and the mean cross-sectional aortic diameter at the level of the ARSA was 31.8 ± 8.5 mm for the entire cohort. For the patients who had initially been observed and had subsequently required intervention, the largest change in the ARSA cross-sectional diameter was observed 1 cm distally to the vessel ostium at a rate of 3.05 mm annually (95% confidence interval, 1.54-4.56; P < .001). No statistically significant changes in the annual growth rate of the aortic segments were observed in the entire cohort or for those patients who had undergone intervention (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The decision to intervene on an ARSA should be individualized by the presence of symptoms (eg, dysphagia lusoria) or complications (eg, dissection, concomitant aortic aneurysmal disease, enlarging Kommerell diverticulum). Asymptomatic patients with nonaneurysmal ARSA might not require any intervention and can be safely observed. Measurement of the cross-sectional ARSA diameter 1 cm distally to the ostium of the vessel might aid in the surveillance of vessel diameter changes. Additional studies are required to determine the specific size criteria as an indication for operative repair of asymptomatic Kommerell diverticulum.