Determinación de hierro en el cuerpo humano: consideraciones generales y revisión de métodos analíticos / Determination of iron in human body: revision of the analytical methods

El objetivo primordial del presente trabajo es dar una visión general de las características que presenta el hierro en el cuerpo humano y hacer una recopilación de los métodos más recientemente propuestos para su determinación. Esta visión pretende ser una clasificación general de metodologías, ilustradas con ejemplos de casos propuestos por los investigadores actuales para que pueda servir de punto de arranque en un mayor estudio; algo que, creemos, es de la mayor importancia. Se hará así un exhautivo recorrido por lo publicado desde enero de 1983 hasta enero de 1990

Carcinoma transicional de vejiga: evaluación de factores pronósticos / Transitional carcinoma of the bladder: evaluation of prognostic factors

Se analizan factores pronósticos en 25 pacientes con carcinoma transicional (CT) de vejiga con un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años. Histológicamente correspondían a 12 tumores grado I, 10 pacientes grado II y 3 grado III. De acuerdo con el estadio eran 11 pacientes estado O, 8 estadio A, 3 estadio C. Se investigó la presencia de gonadotrofina corónica subunidad beta (HCGB) por métodos inmunohistoquímicos, en 18 casos, 8 negativos y 10 positivos y de los isoantígenos de grupo sanguíneo (IGS) en 18, resultando 8 positivos y 10 negativos. La ploidía nuclear fue estudiada con un analizador de imágenes en los extendidos citológicos de los 25 casos, resultando 5 diploides y 20 aneuploides estableciéndose el grado de malignidad el que varió entre 0,100 y 2,689. Se demostró la relación pronóstica adversa de un estadio clínico avanzado y de un grado histológico III, teniendo los I y II una evolución similar entre ellos pero mejor que el grado III. La presencia de HCGB, aneuploidía y grado de malignidad creciente fueron parámetros pronóstico III, teniendo los I y II una evolución similar entre ellos pero mejor que el grado III. La presencia de HCGB, aneuploisía y grado de malignidad creciente fueron parámetros pronósticos desfavorables estadísticamente significativos. Lo mismo ocurrió, pero sin significación estadística para los IGS. Estas determinaciones son de utilidad en la evaluación de CT de vejiga en especial en las lesiones grado histológico bajo (AU)

Carcinoma transicional de vejiga. Evaluación de factores pronósticos. / [Transitional carcinoma of the bladder. Evaluation of prognostic factors]

This study evaluates prognostic factors in 25 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder with a minimum follow up of two years. Histologically there were 12 patients with grade I tumors according to the Mostofis classification, 10 patients with grade II lesions and 3 grade III. The course of the grade I and II tumors was similar and the grade III worse. According to stage, there were 11 patients stage 0, 8 stage A, 3 stage B and 3 stage C. Patients with all stages recurred but only those with stage B and C died of their disease. In 18 patients the expression of the beta subunit of HCG and of the blood group isoantigens was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. There were 8 negative cases and 10 positive for the beta subunit of HCG and 10 negative and 8 positive for the blood group isoantigens. DNA analysis was done with an image analyzer on cytological smears of the urine in the 25 cases after decolorization of the smears and Feulgen staining. There were 5 diploid and 25 aneuploid cases. The DNA malignancy grade was determined with a range between 0.100 and 2.689 and the number of events more than 5c (5N). The presence of HCG, aneuploid tumors, a malignancy grade higher than 0.500 and the presence of events more than 5c were statistically significant unfavorable prognostic factors. The presence of blood group isoantigens was associated with a better evolution of the tumor but did not reach statistical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Modificaciones de las células enteroendócrinas en gastritis por Helicobacter pylori. / [Enteroendocrine cells modifications in Helicobacter pylori gastritis]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the modifications in the number and distribution of enteroendocrine cells (EEC) in antrum of patients with Helicobacter pylori (HE) gastritis. We also wanted to demonstrate their possible participation in the immune response. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six (26) biopsies of gastric antrum from patients between the ages of 40 and 60 were used. Slides were stained with H&E, Giemsa for HP, and chromogranin A to visualize EEC. Five (5) patients were normal controls. Eleven (11) patients had antral chronic gastritis (ACG) with different grades of activity, and ten (10) patients had multifocal atrophic gastritis (MAG), both groups associated to HP. EEC were quantified in relation to 100 epithelial cells. Results were statistically compared. RESULTS: In the normal control group, EEC were sparsely distributed, deep in antral glands, with an average 19.51 EEC/100 epithelial cells. In ACG there were 12.01/100. Besides EEC were irregularly distributed, close to inflammatory areas, or near lymphoid follicles. CONCLUSION: The decrease in EEC is probably due to degranulation and later to a disappearance or inhibition of stem cells by inflammatory products in HP gastritis. The proximity of EEC to prominent inflammatory zones may indicate EEC modulate the immune response. They produce and excrete peptides that interact with membrane receptors found in T lymphocytes and macrophages.