[Risk of epilepsy after a first epileptic seizure with unknown etiology in elderly patients]. / Riesgo de epilepsia tras una primera crisis epiléptica de etiología desconocida en pacientes de edad avanzada.

AIM: Patients whose epilepsy begins with seizures with unknown etiology in old age have been studied to a limited extent. The aim is to clinically characterise these patients, and predict their risk of developing epilepsy in the long term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of patients over 55 years old experiencing a first epileptic seizure with unknown etiology. The data were collected from their clinical history, including electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients (58.6% male; 71.5 ± 8.1 years) were included. The mean follow-up was 7.3 ± 4.9 years. The most common vascular risk factor was arterial hypertension (77%; n = 67). Focal seizures with altered consciousness were the most frequent type of seizure (44.8%; n = 39), followed by focal seizures evolving to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (39.1%; n = 34). Brain MRI showed cortical atrophy (50%; n = 42) and signs of small-vessel vascular disease (SVVD) (67.8%; n = 57). Interictal epileptiform EEG abnormalities were observed in 43.7% (n = 38) of the patients, mostly with temporal localisations (94.7%; n = 36). 44.8% (n = 39) had mild cognitive impairment at baseline. Recurrence of seizures, which was observed in 49 patients (56.1%), occurred after a median of 12 months (interquartile range: 4.4-25.9). Finally, 71 patients (81.6%) developed epilepsy. CONCLUSION: The risk of epilepsy in the long term following a single seizure of unknown etiology in elderly patients is greater than 80%. Arterial hypertension and mild cognitive impairment at baseline are the most common clinical features. Cortical atrophy and the presence of SVVD are frequent in MRI, and routine EEGs do not usually show epileptiform alterations.

TITLE: Riesgo de epilepsia tras una primera crisis epiléptica de etiología desconocida en pacientes de edad avanzada.Objetivo. Los pacientes que comienzan con crisis de origen desconocido en la edad avanzada no están bien estudiados. El objetivo es caracterizar clínicamente a estos pacientes y predecir el riesgo de desarrollar epilepsia a largo plazo. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes mayores de 55 años con una primera crisis epiléptica de causa desconocida. Se recogieron los datos desde la historia clínica, incluyendo electroencefalograma (EEG) y resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral. Resultados. Se incluyó a 87 pacientes (58,6% varones; 71,5 ± 8,1 años). El seguimiento medio fue de 7,3 ± 4,9 años. El factor de riesgo vascular más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial (77%; n = 67). Las crisis focales con alteración de la conciencia fueron el tipo de crisis más frecuente (44,8%; n = 39), seguidas de las crisis focales con evolución a bilaterales tonicoclónicas (39,1%; n = 34). La RM cerebral mostró atrofia cortical (50%; n = 42) y signos de enfermedad vascular de pequeño vaso (EVPV) (67,8%; n = 57). Se observaron anomalías epileptiformes intercríticas en el EEG en un 43,7% (n = 38) de los pacientes, mayoritariamente con localización temporal (94,7%; n = 36). Hasta un 44,8% (n = 39) presentaba deterioro cognitivo leve basalmente. La recurrencia de crisis, observada en 49 pacientes (56,1%), sucedió con una mediana de 12 meses (rango intercuartílico: 4,4-25,9). Finalmente, 71 pacientes (81,6%) desarrollaron epilepsia. Conclusión. El riesgo de epilepsia a largo plazo tras una crisis única de etiología desconocida en pacientes de edad avanzada es superior al 80%. La hipertensión arterial y el deterioro cognitivo leve en el inicio son las características clínicas más frecuentes. En la RM, la atrofia cortical y la presencia de EVPV son frecuentes, y los EEG de rutina no suelen mostrar alteraciones epileptiformes.

Early focal electroencephalogram and neuroimaging findings predict epilepsy development after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

INTRODUCTION: Seizures are a common complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in both acute and late stages: 10-20 % acute symptomatic seizures, 12-25 % epilepsy rate at five years. Our aim was to identify early electroencephalogram (EEG) and computed tomography (CT) findings that could predict long-term epilepsy after SAH. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal study of adult patients with aneurysmal SAH admitted to two tertiary care hospitals between January 2011 to December 2022. Routine 30-minute EEG recording was performed in all subjects during admission period. Exclusion criteria were the presence of prior structural brain lesions and/or known epilepsy. We documented the presence of SAH-related cortical involvement in brain CT and focal electrographic abnormalities (epileptiform and non-epileptiform). Post-SAH epilepsy was defined as the occurrence of remote unprovoked seizures ≥ 7 days from the bleeding. RESULTS: We included 278 patients with a median follow-up of 2.4 years. The mean age was 57 (+/-12) years, 188 (68 %) were female and 49 (17.6 %) developed epilepsy with a median latency of 174 days (IQR 49-479). Cortical brain lesions were present in 189 (68 %) and focal EEG abnormalities were detected in 158 patients (39 epileptiform discharges, 119 non-epileptiform abnormalities). The median delay to the first EEG recording was 6 days (IQR 2-12). Multiple Cox regression analysis showed higher risk of long-term epilepsy in those patients with CT cortical involvement (HR 2.6 [1.3-5.2], p 0.009), EEG focal non-epileptiform abnormalities (HR 3.7 [1.6-8.2], p 0.002) and epileptiform discharges (HR 6.7 [2.8-15.8], p < 0.001). Concomitant use of anesthetics and/or antiseizure medication during EEG recording had no influence over its predictive capacity. ROC-curve analysis of the model showed good predictive capability at 5 years (AUC 0.80, 95 %CI 0.74-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Focal electrographic abnormalities (both epileptiform and non-epileptiform abnormalities) and cortical involvement in neuroimaging predict the development of long-term epilepsy. In-patient EEG and CT findings could allow an early risk stratification and facilitate a personalized follow-up and management of SAH patients.

EPITRANS. Quality assessment of the epilepsy transition process.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences in clinical management during the epilepsy transition process from pediatric to adult care and to determine the quality of life and degree of satisfaction of patients and caregivers during the transition. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study including patients with epilepsy transferred from pediatric to adult epilepsy care between 2013 and 2017. Patients had a minimum follow-up of 3 years before the transition visit and at least 3 years consulting in the adults section. Clinical characteristics were retrieved from the medical chart. Quality of life and satisfaction questionnaires were administered by online access to patients and caregivers at the end of the adult follow-up period. RESULTS: 99 patients (50.5 % women, mean transition age 16.5 ± 1 years old) were included. Before the transition visit, 90 % of patients received a transition discussion and 88 % had a formal clinical report. In the pediatric period, patients were visited more frequently, had more EEGs and genetic studies, and were seen by the same neuropediatrician (P<0.05). In the adult period, patients underwent a larger number of prolonged video EEGs and were prescribed polytherapy more often (P<0.05). Quality of life remained steady during the entire transition, but satisfaction with the care received was significantly higher during the pediatric period. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were seen in epilepsy care during transition from pediatric to adult management, and this had an impact on the degree of satisfaction reported by patients and caregivers. Our results provide evidence of the potential value of development and early implementation of a protocolled transition program.

Implications of starting antiepileptic treatment prior to electroencephalography in first epileptic seizures.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine whether the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED) alters the likelihood of detecting epileptiform abnormalities in electroencephalographies (EEG) performed early after a first epileptic seizure. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, observational study including patients with a first seizure attended at our centre's emergency department between July 2014 and November 2019. We collected clinical data, as well as technical data on the acquisition and interpretation of the EEG performed within the first 72 hours after the seizure, and the factors related with seizure recurrence. RESULTS: We recruited 155 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.6 (22.5) years; 61.3% were men. Regarding seizure type, 51% presented tonic-clonic seizures of unknown onset and 12% presented focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. Thirty-nine patients (25.2%) received AED treatment before the EEG was performed: 33 received a non-benzodiazepine AED and 6 received a benzodiazepine. Epileptiform abnormalities were observed in 29.7% of patients. Previous administration of AEDs was not significantly associated with the probability of detecting interictal epileptiform abnormalities (P = .25) or with the risk of recurrence within 6 months (P = .63). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of AEDs before an early EEG following a first seizure does not decrease the likelihood of detecting epileptiform abnormalities. These findings suggest that starting AED treatment immediately in patients with a high risk of early recurrence does not imply a reduction in the diagnostic accuracy of the test.

Epileptic seizures in the emergency room: clinical and electroencephalographic findings associated with brain perfusion patterns on computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of epileptic seizures, particularly regarding status epilepticus (SE), may be challenging in an emergency room setting. The aim of the study was to study the diagnostic yield of perfusion computed tomography (pCT) in patients with single epileptic seizures and SE. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who followed an acute ischemic stroke pathway during a 9-month period and who were finally diagnosed with a single epileptic seizure or SE. Perfusion maps were visually analyzed for the presence of hyperperfusion and hypoperfusion. Clinical data, EEG patterns, and neuroimaging findings were compared. RESULTS: We included 47 patients: 20 (42.5%) with SE and 27 (57.5%) with single epileptic seizure. Of 18 patients who showed hyperperfusion on pCT, 12 were ultimately diagnosed with SE and eight had EEG findings compatible with an SE pattern. Focal hyperperfusion on pCT had a sensitivity of 60% (95% CI 36.4-80.2) and a specificity of 77.8% (95% CI 57.2-90.6) for predicting a final diagnosis of SE. The presence of cerebral cortical and thalamic hyperperfusion had a high specificity for predicting SE presence. Of note, 96% of patients without hyperperfusion on pCT did not show an SE pattern on early EEG. CONCLUSIONS: In acute settings, detection by visual analysis of focal cerebral cortical hyperperfusion on pCT in patients with epileptic seizures, especially if accompanied by the highly specific feature of thalamic hyperperfusion, is suggestive of a diagnosis of SE and requires clinical and EEG confirmation. The absence of focal hyperperfusion makes a diagnosis of SE unlikely.

Overnight switch from levetiracetam to brivaracetam. Safety and tolerability.

Brivaracetam is a newer antiseizure medication than levetiracetam. It has a more selective action on the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A binding site, and it seems to provide a more favorable neuropsychiatric profile. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and tolerability of an overnight switch from levetiracetam to brivaracetam. This was a retrospective descriptive study including patients with epilepsy treated with levetiracetam, who switched due to inefficacy or previous adverse events (AEs). In total, forty-one patients were included (mean age 40.9 ± 17.8 years, women 48.8%). Focal epilepsy represented 75.6% (n = 31) of patients (structural cause [n = 25], unknown cause [n = 6]). Four patients had idiopathic generalized epilepsy, two had developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and four patients were unclassified. The reason to start brivaracetam was inefficacy in 53.7% (n = 22), AEs in 65.9% (25/27 neuropsychiatric) and both in 19.5% (n = 8). Brivaracetam-related AEs were reported in 24.4%. Neuropsychological AEs associated with the previous use of levetiracetam improved in 76% of patients. Treatment was discontinued in 19.5% patients. Patients' reported seizure frequency improved, worsened and remained stable in 26.8%, 12.2%, and 61.0% of the cases, respectively. An overnight switching to brivaracetam is safe and well tolerated. This treatment can improve levetiracetam-related neuropsychiatric AEs.

Status epilepticus without impairment of consciousness: Long-term outcomes according to duration.

OBJECTIVE: The point after which non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) can cause permanent damage remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between time to resolution and long-term outcomes in NCSE. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all patients with focal NCSE without consciousness impairment at two tertiary care hospitals in Spain. All the data were registered prospectively and the study period was December 2014-May 2018. We collected information on demographics, SE etiology, time to administration of different lines of treatment, time to NCSE resolution, and outcomes at discharge, 1 year, and 4 years. Clinical outcome was prospectively categorized as good (return to baseline function) or poor (new disability and death). RESULTS: Seventy-four patients with a mean (±SD) age of 63.4 ±â€¯17.5 years and a mean follow-up time of 2.4 ±â€¯2.2 years were studied. A poor outcome at discharge was associated with a potentially fatal etiology (p < 0.001), EMSE score (Epidemiology-based Mortality Score in Status Epilepticus) (p = 0.012), lateral periodic discharges on EEG (p = 0.034), and occurrence of major complications during hospitalization (p = 0.007). An SE duration of >100 h was clearly associated with a worse outcome (p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, the only independent predictors of a poor outcome at discharge were an SE duration of >+100 hours (p = 0.001), a potentially fatal etiology (p = 0.001), and complications during hospitalization (p = 0.010). An SE duration of >100 hours retained its value as the optimal cutoff point for predicting poor outcomes at both 1 year (p = 0.037) and 4 years (p = 0.05). Other predictors of poor long-term outcomes were a potentially fatal etiology (p < 0.001) and EMSE score (p = 0.034) at 1 year, and progressive symptomatic etiology at 4 years (p = 0.025). SIGNIFICANCE: In patients with focal NCSE without consciousness impairment, a potentially fatal etiology and an SE duration of >100 h were associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes.

Implications of initiating antiseizure drugs prior to the performance of EEG in first epileptic seizures. / Implicaciones de iniciar fármacos antiepilépticos previo a la realización de EEG en primeras crisis epilépticas.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine whether the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED) alters the likelihood of detecting epileptiform abnormalities in electroencephalographies (EEG) performed early after a first epileptic seizure. METHOD: We performed a retrospective, observational study including patients with a first seizure attended at our centre's emergency department between July 2014 and November 2019. We collected clinical data, as well as technical data on the acquisition and interpretation of the EEG performed within the first 72hours after the seizure, and the factors related with seizure recurrence. RESULTS: We recruited 155 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.6 (22.5) years; 61.3% were men. Regarding seizure type, 51% presented tonic-clonic seizures of unknown onset and 12% presented focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. Thirty-nine patients (25.2%) received AED treatment before the EEG was performed: 33 received a non-benzodiazepine AED and 6 received a benzodiazepine. Epileptiform abnormalities were observed in 29.7% of patients. Previous administration of AEDs was not significantly associated with the probability of detecting interictal epileptiform abnormalities (P=.25) or with the risk of recurrence within 6 months (P=.63). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of AEDs before an early EEG following a first seizure does not decrease the likelihood of detecting epileptiform abnormalities. These findings suggest that starting AED treatment immediately in patients with a high risk of early recurrence does not imply a reduction in the diagnostic accuracy of the test.

[Quality of life in adult patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy. The EPILAK study]. / Calidad de vida en pacientes adultos con epilepsia generalizada idiopática. Estudio EPILAK.

INTRODUCTION: Quality of life (QoL) is an important aspect in the treatment of patients with epilepsy. AIM: To analyse the QoL using the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-10 (QOLIE-10) in adults with idiopathic generalised epilepsy and to study factors associated with a worse QoL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study conducted by 141 neurologists in all the autonomous communities of Spain. Each researcher analysed the QOLIE-10 of two males and two females over 18 years of age with idiopathic generalised epilepsy seen consecutively in public or private practice. The results were standardised: 0 was the worst QoL and 100 was the best. RESULTS: A total of 546 patients were analysed. Women: 51.1% (n = 279). Mean age: 36 ± 15.3 years old (18-87). Childhood absence seizures: 7.5% (n = 41); juvenile absence seizures: 9.2% (n = 50); juvenile myoclonic seizures: 29.8% (n = 163); only tonic-clonic seizures: 53.5% (n = 292). Monotherapy: 63.2% (n = 345). Seizure-free in the last year: 53.1% (n = 290). Psychiatric comorbidity: anxiety: 28.4% (n = 155); depression: 14.1% (n = 77); attention deficit: 10.1% (n = 55). Employment status: in active employment: 47.2% (n = 258); student: 20% (n = 109); housewife/husband: 7.3% (n = 40); pensioner: 10.2% (n = 56); unemployed: 14.3% (n = 78). Marital status: married or in a relationship: 49.1% (n = 268); single: 43.7% (n = 239). Mean score on the QOLIE-10: 71.4 ± 19.1. Being female (p = 0.006), greater frequency of seizures (p < 0.001), polytherapy (p < 0.001), psychiatric comorbidity (p < 0.001) and unemployment (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a worse QoL. CONCLUSIONS: The QoL of patients with idiopathic/genetic generalised epilepsy is affected by poor seizure control, psychiatric comorbidity and unemployment, and women are more affected than men.

TITLE: Calidad de vida en pacientes adultos con epilepsia generalizada idiopática. Estudio EPILAK.Introducción. La calidad de vida (CV) es un aspecto importante en el tratamiento de los pacientes con epilepsia. Objetivo. Analizar la CV mediante el Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-10 (QOLIE-10) en adultos con epilepsia generalizada idiopática y estudiar factores asociados a una peor CV. Pacientes y método. Estudio transversal, multicéntrico, observacional, realizado por 141 neurólogos de todas las comunidades autónomas de España. Cada investigador analizaba el QOLIE-10 de dos varones y dos mujeres mayores de 18 años con epilepsia generalizada idiopática visitados de forma consecutiva en consulta pública o privada. Los resultados se estandarizaron: 0 era la peor CV y 100, la mejor. Resultados. Se analizó a 546 pacientes. Mujeres: 51,1% (n = 279). Edad media: 36 ± 15,3 años (18-87). Ausencias infantiles: 7,5% (n = 41); ausencias juveniles: 9,2% (n = 50); mioclónica juvenil: 29,8% (n = 163); sólo crisis tonicoclónicas: 53,5% (n = 292). Monoterapia: 63,2% (n = 345). Libres de crisis en el último año: 53,1% (n = 290). Comorbilidad psiquiátrica: ansiedad: 28,4% (n = 155); depresión: 14,1% (n = 77); déficit de atención: 10,1% (n = 55). Condición laboral: trabajador/a en activo: 47,2% (n = 258); estudiante: 20% (n = 109); amo/a de casa: 7,3% (n = 40); pensionista: 10,2% (n = 56); en paro: 14,3% (n = 78). Estado civil: casado/a o en pareja: 49,1% (n = 268); soltero/a: 43,7% (n = 239). Puntuación media en el QOLIE-10: 71,4 ± 19,1. Sexo femenino (p = 0,006), mayor frecuencia de crisis (p menor de 0,001), politerapia (p menor de 0,001), comorbilidad psiquiátrica (p menor de 0,001) y desempleo (p menor de 0,001) se asociaron de forma significativa con una peor CV. Conclusiones. La CV de los pacientes con epilepsia generalizada idiopática/genética está afectada por el mal control de las crisis, la comorbilidad psiquiátrica y el desempleo, y las mujeres presentan una mayor afectación que los hombres.

How soon should urgent EEG be performed following a first epileptic seizure?

PURPOSE: Patients with a first unprovoked epileptic seizure are often seen in emergency services. Electroencephalography (EEG) is indicated for diagnosing epilepsy, but the optimal time to perform this test has not been defined. This study aimed to determine the time interval following a seizure within which EEG has the greatest diagnostic yield. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of all adult patients with a first unprovoked seizure who had undergone emergency EEG (July 2014-December 2019). Data collection included demographics, seizure type, time interval to EEG study, EEG pattern identified, and the prescription after emergency assessment. An optimal cut-off point for time to EEG was obtained, and an adjusted regression model was performed to establish associations with the presence of epileptiform abnormalities. RESULTS: A total of 170 patients were included (mean age: 50.7 years, 40.6% women). Epileptiform discharges were identified in 34.1% of recordings, nonepileptiform abnormalities in 46.5%, and normal findings in 19.4%. A lower latency from seizure to EEG was associated with a higher probability of finding epileptiform discharges (median: 12.7 in the epileptiform EEGs vs. 20 h in the nonepileptiform EEGs, p < 0.001). The time interval associated with the highest probability of detecting an epileptiform EEG pattern was within the first 16 h after seizure onset: 52.1% of recordings performed before the 16-h cut-off showed these abnormal patterns compared with 20.2% performed after (p < 0.001). These findings were not related to the presence of an epileptogenic lesion in neuroimaging or to other clinical variables. The finding of epileptiform abnormalities was followed by a greater prescription of antiseizure drugs (96.4% vs. 66% in nonepileptiform patterns, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic yield of EEG following a first unprovoked epileptic seizure is highest when this test is performed within the first 16 h after onset of the event.

The ADAN scale: a proposed scale for pre-hospital use to identify status epilepticus.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prognosis of status epilepticus (SE) depends on the time between onset and the diagnosis and start of treatment. Our aim was to design a scale with predictive value for pre-hospital diagnosis of SE. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 292 patients who attended the emergency department for an epileptic seizure. A total of 49 patients fulfilled the criteria for SE. We recorded the patients' history and clinical features. Variables independently associated with SE were combined to design a clinical scale. The performance of the scale was evaluated in a validation dataset of 197 patients. RESULTS: A total of 50.3% of the patients were male and the mean age was 55.9 years. The following features were more prevalent in patients with SE: abnormal speech (79.6% vs. 18.9%, P < 0.001), eye deviation (69.4% vs. 14.0%, P < 0.001), automatism (22.4% vs. 6.3%, P < 0.001), hemiparesis (24.5% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.011), state of stupor/coma (46.9% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.001) and number of pre-hospital seizures, i.e. two (34.7% vs. 4.5%, P < 0.001) or more than two (51.0% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.001). Based on these findings, we designed a scale that scored 1 point each for presence of abnormal speech, eye deviation, automatism and two seizures, and 2 points for more than two seizures. The predictive capacity of the scale for identifying SE in the validation dataset was 98.7% (95% confidence interval, 97.3%-100%) and 85.4% of patients with a score >1 had SE. CONCLUSIONS: A score >1 on the ADAN scale is a robust predictor of the diagnosis of SE in patients who experience an epileptic seizure. This scale may be a useful tool for clinical use and warrants further investigation.

[Social cognition and cognitive functions in patients with epilepsy treated with eslicarbazepine acetate]. / Cognicion social y funciones cognitivas en pacientes con epilepsia tratados con acetato de eslicarbacepina.

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is accompanied by cognitive disorders, frequently aggravated by the use of antiepileptic drugs, which can affect social empathy. AIM: To analyse the impact of treatment with eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) on social cognition and prefrontal cognitive functions in adults with focal epilepsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective single-centre study with patients aged between 18 and 65 years with focal seizures treated with ESL. The patients were evaluated in their baseline visit and at six months after starting ESL treatment by means of tasks designed for theory of mind, executive and attentional functions, auditory-verbal memory, quality of life, and anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were treated with ESL, and 30 completed the follow-up. A significant improvement was observed in the theory of mind tasks. In the analysis stratified by sex, the men showed greater improvement. A cognitive improvement was observed in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Symbol Digit, Backward Digit Span and Stroop tests. No differences were found in the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 Inventory or in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. These results were independent of the reduction in the number of seizures and the ESL dosage. CONCLUSION: Treatment with ESL could improve some aspects of theory of mind in patients with epilepsy, especially in men and independently of the control of seizures, with no changes in quality of life, anxiety or depression.

TITLE: Cognicion social y funciones cognitivas en pacientes con epilepsia tratados con acetato de eslicarbacepina.Introduccion. La epilepsia se acompaña de alteraciones cognitivas, frecuentemente agravadas por el uso de farmacos antiepilepticos, que pueden afectar a la empatia social. Objetivo. Analizar el impacto del tratamiento con acetato de eslicarbacepina (ESL) en la cognicion social y las funciones cognitivas prefrontales en adultos con epilepsia focal. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio prospectivo y unicentrico realizado en pacientes de 18 a 65 años con crisis focales, tratados con ESL. Los pacientes fueron evaluados en la visita basal y a los seis meses tras iniciar ESL mediante tareas para la teoria de la mente, funciones ejecutivas y atencionales, memoria audioverbal, calidad de vida, y ansiedad y depresion. Resultados. Cuarenta y un pacientes fueron tratados con ESL y 30 completaron el seguimiento. Se observo una mejoria significativa en las tareas de teoria de la mente. En el analisis estratificado por sexo, los hombres mejoraron mas. Se observo una mejoria cognitiva en las pruebas Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Symbol Digit, Backward Digit Span y test de Stroop. No hubo diferencias en el cuestionario Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 Inventory ni en la escala de depresion y ansiedad hospitalaria (HADS). Estos resultados fueron independientes de la reduccion del numero de crisis y de la dosis de ESL. Conclusion. El tratamiento con ESL podria mejorar algunos aspectos de la teoria de la mente en pacientes con epilepsia, especialmente en hombres e independientemente del control de las crisis, sin cambios en la calidad de vida, ansiedad o depresion.