[Vaping and vaping-associated lung injury: A review].

Vaping, i.e. the use of electronic nicotine/other substances delivery systems, increases a risk of vaping-associated lung injury. The review describes clinical manifestation, methods of diagnosis and diagnostic criteria, treatment of patients with this disease as well as risk stratification of vapers and approaches to their management based on Worchester classification and clinical guidance. The pathogenetic mechanisms of vaping-associated lung injury have been analyzed.

[Monoclonal antibody therapies for rapidly progressive and highly active multiple sclerosis in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Terapiya monoklonal'nymi antitelami bystroprogressiruyushchego i vysokoaktivnogo rasseyannogo skleroza v epokhu pandemii COVID-19.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, reducing the risk of infection for immunocompromised patients remains an important issue. Patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) require immunosuppressive therapy in order to control the overactive autoimmune response. Preliminary international and national trials demonstrate that older age, higher disability status and progressive MS are generally associated with a more severe clinical course of COVID-19. However, uncertainty remains about the effect of disease-modifying therapies on the COVID-19 clinical presentation. In this article, we pay special attention to monoclonal antibodies used for immune reconstitution therapy, which results in significant changes to the T-cell and/or B-cell repertoire. Based on the published data from registries in different countries, we attempted to estimate the benefits and risks of these therapies in a complicated epidemiological setting.

[Experience in designing an electronic multiple sclerosis registry]. / Opyt sozdaniya elektronnogo registra patsientov s rasseyannym sklerozom.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an electronic registry of patients with MS in the Russian Federation and to analyze the collected epidemiological and clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged 18 and older with definite multiple sclerosis were included in the study. We designed a specialized electronic individual registration form (registry) to gather information about study participants. This paper presents data collected in the project between September 25, 2017 and March 25, 2020. RESULTS: We collected information on 2728 patients. This paper presents the results of data analysis from the registry of MS patients, including demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics, the type and timing of treatment received. Based on the data obtained, certain issues with primary diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and delayed initiation of disease-modifying therapy can be highlighted, which contribute to the transition of the disease to a secondary progressive course and disability increase.

[Leptomeningeal B-cell follicles in multiple sclerosis: a role in the pathogenesis and prognostic value]. / Éktopicheskie limfoidnye V-kletochnye follikuly pri rasseiannom skleroze: rol' v patogeneze zabolevaniia i prognosticheskaia znachimost'.

B-lymphocytes play an important role in the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process in multiple sclerosis. Recently special attention has been paid to cell formations that are found in the meninges in patients with multiple sclerosis - the so-called leptomeningeal follicle-like structures that contain not only B-lymphocytes, but also other immunocompetent cells, creating a special environment for clonal expansion, selection and further proliferation of B-lymphocytes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with gadolinium-based contrast agents reveals local subarachnoid space contrasting that corresponds to the accumulation of the contrast agent by large lymphoid follicles. This phenomenon is called leptomeningeal contrast enhancement and according to some literature data, its severity correlates with the rate of progression of the disease and functional disability. The review presents the available literature on leptomeningeal follicle-like B-cell structures, as well as prospects of using leptomeningeal contrast enhancement on MRI as a potential biomarker for predicting disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Mantle Cell Lymphoma Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the beginning of the use of immunophenotypic and cytogenetic techniques, new nosological forms of lymphoproliferative diseases have appeared over the past few decades. According to the WHO classification (2008), today there are more than 50 known lymphoproliferative diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 51-year-old man with lymphoproliferative syndrome. Our patient underwent morphological and immunohistochemical investigations of biopsy materials from the right inguinal lymph node. The morphological picture was characteristic for small cell lymphoma. Immunophenotypically, tumor proliferate cells expressed CD20, CD76b, CD5, and cyclin D, and the tumor immunophenotype matched mantle cell lymphoma. DISCUSSION: At the present stage of the development of medicine, the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases is based on the clinical picture of the disease with the definition of localization and characteristics of the tumor process, morphological study of tumor tissue and cells, and immunophenotypic and/or cytogenetic analyses are mandatory to determine the final diagnosis.

[Recognition of emotions based on facial expressions in subjects with different personality traits]. / Opoznanie émotsii po litsevoi ékspressii ispytuemymi s raznym lichnostnym profilem.

A reaction time and accuracy of visual recognition of emotions of joy, anger and fear in their relation to personality traits was studied in 68 healthy subjects. According to scores of Kettell Questionnaire all the participants were divided into two groups: emotionally unstable and emotionally stable, which differed in their emotional and communication traits. It was shown that in the stable group recognition of fear was significantly worse and more slowly than in the unstable group. Besides, the emotionally stable subjects recognized the frightened facial expression less accurate and slowly than they did the joyous and threatening ones. The reaction time and recognition level was found to be closely correlated with some personality traits. These traits were different in two groups and differed from data in the control session of gender recognition. The conjunction between recognition of fearful facial expression and the personality traites and its adaptive significance were discussed. The data seems to be essential for understanding of individual strategy of communication.

[Pathology of anthrax sepsis according to materials of the infectious outbreak in 1979 in Sverdlovsk (macroscopic changes)]. / Patologicheskaia anatomiia sibireiazvennogo sepsisa po materialam infektsionnoi vspyshki 1979g. v Sverdlovske (makroskopicheskie izmeneniia).

Obligatory findings in 42 postmortem observation of anthrax were hemorrhagic alterations of the intrathoracic lymph nodes and mediastinum. Hemorrhagic alterations in the respiratory organs, digestive tract, brain and meninges were also found macroscopically.

[Pathology of anthrax sepsis according to materials of the infectious outbreak in 1979 in Sverdlovsk (microscopic changes)]. / Patologicheskaia anatomiia sibireiazvennogo sepsisa po materialam infektsionnoi vspyshki 1979g v Sverdlovske (mikroskopicheskie izmeneniia).

Histologic studies of 42 cases of anthrax revealed that serous-hemorrhagic, hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic-necrotic inflammation was a substrate of macroscopic changes. Morphological characteristics of alterations in the respiratory organs, lymph nodes and mediastinum, digestive tract and liver, spleen, kidneys, brain and meninges are presented.

[Pathology of anthrax sepsis according to materials of the infectious outbreak in 1979 in Sverdlovsk (various aspects of morpho-, patho- and thanatogenesis)]. / Patologicheskaia anatomiia sibireiazvennogo sepsisa po materialam infektsionnoi vspyshki 1979 g. v Sverdlovske (nekotorye voprotsy morfo-, pato- i tanatogeneza.

Hemorrhagic lymphadenitis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes and mediastinitis are shown to be the primary septical focus, this indicating an inhalation route of the contamination with development of pulmonary anthrax. The alterations in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system are considered to be secondary resulting from lymphohematogenic generalization of the anthraxic sepsis. The attention is drawn to the morphological signs of the immunodepression and the inhibition of granulocytic reaction. It is noted that the epidemic outburst of the pulmonary anthrax is without analogs and its development may be the result only of a massive penetration of bacteria into the atmosphere.