Assessing the impact of urban landfills as feeding sites on physiological parameters of a generalist seabird species.

The increasing human population and associated urban waste pose a significant threat to wildlife. Our study focused on the Kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), known for opportunistic feeding in anthropogenic areas, particularly urban landfills. We assessed the physiological status of Kelp gulls at a landfill and compared it with gulls from a protected natural site. Results indicate that gulls from the anthropogenic site exhibited lower levels of key physiological parameters linked to diet, including triglycerides, total proteins, uric acid, plasmatic enzyme activity, body condition index, and leukocyte count, in comparison to their counterparts from the natural site. These findings suggest that Kelp gulls experience inferior physical and nutritional conditions when utilizing anthropogenic sites like landfills governmentally managed.

Urbanity as a source of genotoxicity in the synanthropic Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus).

Increases in human population lead to an increase in urban wastes, which could affect wildlife in several ways. Urban pollutants can affect erythrocytes of birds generating morphological membrane and nuclear anomalies. The Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) is an opportunistic species, which take advantage of urban environments, thus being highly exposed to environmental pollution. In northeastern Patagonia, the dynamic of the waste management was transformed in the last decade and consequently, gulls changed their movements in response to changes in waste management systems. The food available to the seagulls went from being a mixture of urban/fishing discards until 2015, when this landfill closures, to being domestic urban offerings. In order of evaluating genotoxicity and changes in pollutants exposition due to these changes, we analyzed the frequencies of erythrocytes nuclear abnormalities and micronuclei (ENAs and MN respectively) in 58 blood smears from adults extracted during the non-breeding season in two periods in landfills with different waste compositions: a mixed landfill (ML) in 2013 before closure (n = 24) versus an urban landfill (UL) (n = 34) in 2021. We found that the Kelp Gull showed high values of abnormalities with an average of 151.5 /10,000 RBC in comparison with other seabird species. The bud and notched types of ENAs were the most prevalent abnormalities in both sites. We did not find significate differences in the overall abnormality frequency between sites, however we found significant higher frequencies in displaced and tailed types of ENAs in ML. We also found poikilocytosis, as seen previously in other animals exposed experimentally to pollutants such as metals and crude oil. Cellular abnormalities found in the Kelp Gull suggest an exposition of individuals to pollutants in foraging areas. The hemispheric distribution and the synanthropic characteristics of the species denote its importance as a suitable global monitor of genotoxicity.