Neurocognitive and clinical profile of male patients with substance use disorder in early remission phase with and without comorbid depression.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) represents one of the most frequent conditions worldwide which commonly coexists with major depressive disorder (MDD). This comorbidity (SUD + MDD) is one of the most prevalent with patients showing certain social and clinical characteristics that could lead to a worsening of their cognitive performance. However, despite these particularities, only a few studies have addressed the possible differences in cognitive performance between patients with SUD + MDD compared with those with SUD-only patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the clinical and cognitive profile of patients with SUD + MDD vs. SUD-only who are in early remission phase. For this purpose, 271 male patients underwent a clinical and neuropsychological assessment (SUD + MDD group: N = 101; SUD-only group: N = 170). Results indicated that SUD + MDD patients showed worse cognitive performance than SUD in visuospatial reasoning, verbal memory and learning, recognition, and processing speed even after a 3-month period of abstinence. Furthermore, these patients exhibited more self-reported prefrontal symptoms, as well as worse social and clinical conditions. This study indicates that the neurocognitive and clinical profile of patients with SUD + MDD could represent a risk since their characteristics have been associated with poorer recovery and prognosis. Our results could be helpful in clinical practice highlighting the need for cognitive remediation strategies in these populations, providing information that would allow the implementation of more appropriate treatments and preventive strategies.

The Japanese version of the reduced morningness-eveningness questionnaire.

Circadian typology, or "morningness" and "eveningness," is generally assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), a 19-item scale that could be burdensome in large-scale surveys. To overcome this, a 5-item version known as the reduced morningness-eveningness questionnaire (rMEQ), which is sensitive to the assessment of circadian typology, was developed; however, a validated Japanese version of the rMEQ is yet to be established. This study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the rMEQ. Five essential items for the rMEQ were selected from existing Japanese MEQ data (N = 2,213), and the rMEQ was compiled. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis for the psychometric properties of the rMEQ and confirmed its robust one-factor structure for evaluating morningness-eveningness (GFI = 0.984, AGFI = 0.951, CFI = 0.935, and RMSEA = 0.091). Reliability was evaluated via internal consistency of rMEQ items using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω, and the values were 0.618 and 0.654, respectively. The rMEQ scores strongly correlated with MEQ (ρ = 0.883, p < 0.001), and classification agreement (Morning, Neither, and Evening types) between rMEQ and MEQ was 77.6% (Cramer's V = 0.643, Weighted Cohen's κ = 0.72), confirming the validity. The Japanese rMEQ may be a valuable tool for the efficient assessment of circadian typologies.

Influence of light at night on allergic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases impose a significant global disease burden, however, the influence of light at night exposure on these diseases in humans has not been comprehensively assessed. We aimed to summarize available evidence considering the association between light at night exposure and major allergic diseases through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We completed a search of six databases, two registries, and Google Scholar from inception until December 15, 2023, and included studies that investigated the influence of artificial light at night (ALAN, high vs. low exposure), chronotype (evening vs. morning chronotype), or shift work (night vs. day shift work) on allergic disease outcomes (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and skin allergies). We performed inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses to examine the association between the exposures (ALAN exposure, chronotype, or shiftwork) and these allergic outcomes. Stratification analyses were conducted by exposure type, disease type, participant age, and geographical location along with sensitivity analyses to assess publication bias. RESULTS: We included 12 publications in our review. We found that exposure to light at night was associated with higher odds of allergic diseases, with the strongest association observed for ALAN exposure (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04 to 3.39), followed by evening chronotype (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.87) and exposure to night shift work (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.67). When analyses were stratified by disease types, light at night exposure was significantly associated with asthma (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.20), allergic rhinitis (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.60 to 2.24), and skin allergies (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.91). We also found that the association between light at night exposure and allergic diseases was more profound in youth (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.48) than adults (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.63). Additionally, we observed significant geographical variations in the association between light at night exposure and allergic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Light at night exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of allergic diseases, both in youth and adults. More long-term epidemiological and mechanistic research is required to understand the possible interactions between light at night and allergic diseases.

Better characterizing sleep beliefs for personalized sleep health promotion: the French sleep beliefs scale validation study.

Background: The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS) is a well-known tool to design and monitor personalized sleep health promotion at an individual and population level. The lack of an established French version limits the development of effective interventions targeting these populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the French version of the SBS in a representative sample of the general population. Methods: Quota sampling was used to recruit 1,004 participants (18-65 years, mean age: 43 years, 54% of female) who underwent an online survey to complete the SBS, and to assess sleep schedules, sleep quality and disorders, and mental health. Cronbach's α coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, item-internal consistency (IIC), and item discriminant validity (IDV) of the SBS were computed to assess internal validity while bivariate associations with sleep schedules, sleep quality and disorders, and mental health were used to assess external convergent and discriminant validity. Results: The mean score on the SBS was 12.3 ± 4.9. Item 19 ("Quiet & Dark") showed the highest rate of correct answers (n = 801, 79.8%), while item 20 ("Recovering sleep") showed the lowest rate of correct answers (n = 246, 24.5%). Overall, the SBS showed satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.87) and confirmed the three-factor structure proposed by the original study. All items were found consistent (IIC > 0.4) and discriminant (IIC > IDV) except for item 20 ("recovering lost sleep by sleeping for a long time"). Females, older participants, and subjects with short time-in-bed, poor sleep quality, insomnia, and circadian rhythm disorder had higher SBS scores while participants with depressive symptoms had lower SBS scores. Conclusion: We successfully translated and validated the French version of the SBS in a representative sample, making it a reliable instrument for researchers and clinicians to assess and target sleep beliefs. Correct answers vary from 25 to 80% which underlines the importance of continuing sleep health promotion campaigns by targeting poorly understood behaviors. Our findings also shed light on the fickleness of beliefs that are prone to vary within individuals across time, in step with societal changes. Several associated factors were identified, thus contributing to our understanding of sleep beliefs and offering insights for personalized approaches to enhance sleep health and overall well-being.

Telomere length and childhood trauma in Colombians with depressive symptoms

Objective: Childhood trauma and telomere length (TL) are important risk factors for major depressive disorder. We examined whether there was an association between childhood trauma and TL in a sample of Colombians who were assessed for depressive symptoms. Methods: We applied the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to 92 Colombian subjects (mean age = 21). TL was measured with quantitative PCR. Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) was used to analyze the relationship between childhood trauma scores and TL. Results: We found a significant correlation between TL and sexual abuse scores (rs = 0.428, p = 0.002) in individuals with higher depressive symptom scores. Conclusion: This is the first report of a significant association between TL and sexual abuse in a Latin American sample and provides additional evidence about the role of childhood trauma and TL in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Physical self-efficacy is associated to body mass index in schoolchildren / Autoeficácia física associada ao índice de massa corporal em crianças em idade escolar

Abstract: Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical self-efficacy and body mass index in a large sample of schoolchildren. Methods: The Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children was administered to 1560 children (50.4% boys; 8-12 years) from three different countries. Weight and height were also recorded to obtain the body mass index. Results: In agreement with the literature, the boys reported greater perceived physical self-efficacy than girls. Moreover, the number of boys who are obese is double that of girls, while the number of boys who are underweight is half that found in girls. In the linear regression model, the increase in body mass index was negatively related to the physical self-efficacy score, differently for boys and girls. Furthermore, age and nationality also were predictors of low physical self-efficacy only for girls. Conclusion: The results of this study reinforce the importance of psychological aspect of obesity, as the perceived physical self-efficacy and body mass index were negatively associated in a sample of schoolchildren for boys and girls.

Resumo: Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre a autoeficácia física e o índice de massa corporal em uma grande amostra de crianças em idade escolar. Métodos: A Escala de Capacidade Física Percebida para Crianças foi administrada a 1.560 crianças (50,4% meninos; 8-12 anos) de três países diferentes. O peso e a altura também foram registrados para obter o índice de massa corporal. Resultados: De acordo com a literatura, os meninos relataram maior autoeficácia física percebida do que as meninas. Além disso, o número de meninos obesos é o dobro do de meninas, ao passo que o número de meninos abaixo do peso é metade do de meninas. No modelo de regressão linear, o aumento no índice de massa corporal foi negativamente relacionado ao escore de autoeficácia física, diferentemente em meninos e meninas. Além disso, a idade e a nacionalidade também foram preditoras de autoeficácia física baixa apenas para meninas. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo reforçam a importância do aspecto psicológico da obesidade, uma vez que a autoeficácia física percebida e o índice de massa corporal foram negativamente associados em uma amostra de crianças em idade escolar para meninos e meninas.

Spanish translation of the mood rhythm instrument: a novel approach to mood evaluation

Introduction: The Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRI) is a questionnaire developed to assess the circadian rhythm of mood-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to translate this instrument from Brazilian Portuguese into Spanish. Methods: The translation process consisted of forward translation, adjustment, back translation, back translation review and harmonization. Results: Comparing the initial Spanish translation and the final Spanish version, there were no semantic differences and the items were not changed. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the MRI is ready to be tested in a Spanish population. In the future, assessing and comparing mood-related behaviors in transcultural studies will be possible(AU)

Estudio comparativo de factores de riesgo en mujeres con citología vaginal positiva / Comparative Study of Risk Factors in Women with Positive Pap Smear

Introducción: el cáncer cervicouterino es la segunda causa de muerte en la mujer a nivel mundial, y la principal por enfermedades malignas en las mujeres de los países en desarrollo. Mundialmente, cada año se reportan alrededor de 500 000 nuevos casos y cerca del 80 % corresponde a los países en desarrollo. Mueren anualmente 272 000 mujeres por esta causa. Objetivo: describir los factores de riesgo en mujeres con citología vaginal positiva. Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo sobre las lesiones premalignas y el cáncer cérvico uterino, así como el comportamiento de los diferentes factores de riesgo asociados a dichas patologías en el Policlínico Docente "Dr. Mario Escalona Reguera" perteneciente al municipio La Habana del Este, en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2010 comparado con el periodo de enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2013. Resultados: la mayor frecuencia de alteraciones citológicas correspondió a la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical I (44,3 por ciento) en el periodo 2008-2010, manteniéndose este comportamiento en el 2011-2013 con el 63,2 por ciento. El mayor por ciento de citología positivas fue en edades entre los 25-39 años, con un 55,7 por ciento de frecuencia. Los antecedentes obstétricos más frecuentes fueron la multiparidad y el aborto. Predomina el grupo de mujeres con referencia de más de 4 compañeros sexuales, 93 casos (80,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: las mujeres jóvenes son las más afectadas. Las relaciones sexuales en edades tempranas (antes de los 20 años) aumentan el riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino(AU)

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide, and the main malignant disease in women of developing countries. Globally, each year about 500,000 new cases are reported and about 80% are in developing countries. 272 000 women die a year as a result. Objective: Describe risk factors in women with a positive Pap smear. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of premalignant lesions and cervical cancer was conducted, as well as the behavior of associated different risk factors with these diseases at Dr. Mario Escalona Reguera Teaching Polyclinic in Havana del Este, from January 2008 to December 2010 compared with the period January 2011 to December 2013. Results: More frequent cytological abnormalities corresponded to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (44.3 percent) in 2008-2010. This behavior was maintained in 2011-2013 to 63.2 percent. The highest percentage of positive cytology was between the ages of 25-39 years, with a 55.7 percent frequency. The most common obstetric history were multiparity and abortion. The group of women with more than 4 sexual partners, 93 cases (80.9 percent) was higher. Conclusions: Young women are most affected. Sexual intercourse at an early age (before age 20) increases the risk of cervical cancer(AU)

Propiedades psioométricas de la versión castellna del cuestionario de evaluaciión de patrón estacional (spaq) / Pschometric propperties of the spanish version of he seasonal patttern assessment questionnaire (spaq)

The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ- Rosenthal, Bradt Wehr, 1984) is the most frequently used self-evaluation instrument for identifying the subject's sensibility to seasonal changes. The objective of this study is to present the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SPAQ in young subjects. The questionnaire was administered to 592 university students (395 women and 197 men). Good psychometric properties of the SPAQ reported by authors from several countries are replicated (descriptive statistics, internal consistency, inter-item correlation and factor analysis). On the grounds of the patterns of the results we believe that the Spanish version of the SPAQ is a valuable instrument in order to further study the chronobiological aspects of psychopathologies, which are highly useful in epidemiological research and, with the due precautions, also in the clinical environment.

El cuestionario de evaluación de patrón estacional (Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, SPAQ– Rosenthal, Bradt & Wehr, 1984) es el instrumento de auto-evaluación más usado para determinar la sensibilidad de los individuos a los cambios estacionales. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en presentar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión castellana del SPAQ en sujetos jóvenes. Se administró la traducción castellana del SPAQ a 592 estudiantes universitarios (395 mujeres y 197 varones). Los resultados confirman unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas del SPAQ también para la versión castellana (distribución de las puntuaciones, consistencia interna, homogeneidad, estructura factorial), en consonancia con los datos obtenidos en otros países. El cuestionario es un instrumento que permitirá profundizar en el estudio de los aspectos cronobiológicos de las psicopatologías, de gran utilidad en investigación epidemiológica y, aunque con algunas precauciones, también en el ámbito clínico en países de habla hispana.

Diferencias individuales en las variaciones diurnas fisiologicas y comportamentales / Individual differences in physiological and behavioral diurnal variations

En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de las principales diferencias individuales con mayor interés en la ritmicidad circadiana. Para ello se exponen en primer lugar las características rítmicas de los parámetros fisiológicos de temperatura corporal, presión sanguinea y tasa cardiaca. Tambien se destacan los datos obtenidos desde una perspectiva homeostatica, sin considerar la hora del dia, que hallan factores que influyen en los valores de estas variables fisiológicas. Las diferencias individuales consideradas son las dimensiones de personalidad (extraversión y neuroticismo), el factor de matutinidad, la edad, el género y el consumo de tabaco. En cada una de ellas se consideran las diferencias ritmicas en los parámetros fisiológicos y comportamentales, subjetivos y objetivos, aunque tambien se hace referencia a los hallazgos homeostáticos susceptibles de ser considerados en función de la hora del día.

La cronopsicologia, su estado actual: una revision / Chronopsychology, its current state: a review

En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de los estudios cronopsicológicos que evaluan la ritmicidad circadiana, limitando las mediciones al periodo diurno en sujetos adultos sanos. Como introducción se incluyen los conceptos generales de ritmicidad junto a los hallazgos biológicos de los mecanismos generadores y se exponen los problemas que conlleva el estudio de los ritmos comportamentales. Los distintos tipos de pruebas comportamentales se categorizan a partir de la clasificación propuesta por Adan (1993b). Las pruebas comportamentales se engloban en dos categorías principales, subjetivas y objetivas, y estas últimas se subclasifican en simples y complejas. Finalmente, se comentan los resultados mas destacables de los ritmos de periodicidad distinta a la circadiana -mayor o menor- provinientes de trabajos psicológicos.

Tumores de ovario: revisión de un período de 5 años / Ovarian tumors: a five year review

Se realiza un estudio de las tumoraciones del ovario y se detecta que aparecen con mayor incidencia en la edad fértil de la mujer; en gran número de ellas no existían antecedentes de partos o abortos y tuvieron como síntomas principales el dolor en bajo vientre y los trastornos menstruales. El diagnóstico se logró por el examen clínico y la ultrasonografía en el 40,36 % y fue un hallazgo quirúrgico en el 19,26 %. Sólo en el 4,80 % se encontraron afecciones malignas y se pudo apreciar que dentro de las benignas las más frecuentes son: el dermoide, el quiste folicular y el absceso ovárico