Outcome Comparison between Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty and Trapeziectomy in Patients with Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Systematic review.

Background: Osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal (CMC) is considered a common musculoskeletal disorder. The treatment of carpometacarpal osteoarthritis could be either by conservative or surgical methods. surgical treatment, there are various alternatives, including trapeziectomy and arthroplasty. This study aims to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine the functional outcomes associated with trapeziectomy and arthroplasty in CMC arthritis. Objectives: To determine the functional outcomes associated with trapeziectomy and arthroplasty in CMC arthritis patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and performed on August 2022 by one independent reviewer (author) using PubMed database, EBSCO Host, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect. The literature search will be based on Patients, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO) criteria, as mentioned in the following: Patients with any carpometacarpal arthritis; with the intervention of using carpometacarpal arthroplasty as their method of surgery; control with trapeziectomy and primary outcome of functional outcome. Clinical outcomes using patient-reported outcome measures and complications were included. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tools. Quantitative analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4. Results: Three studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Both treatments resulted in significant improvements in functional scores. When matching patients according to preoperative function, patients receiving arthroplasty had better postoperative function (Quick DASH: trapeziectomy = 25.1, ARPE = 16.8). Conclusion: This study showed that variable results of clinical outcomes improved after trapezeictomy and arthroplasty in patients with CMC arthritis. Evidence showed that arthroplasty allows for a better improvement in functional outcome.

Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus with Large Ossicle Formation: A Case Report.

Hallux valgus interphalangeus (HVIP) is a deviation of the distal phalanx in relation to the proximal phalanx. Its etiology is considered multifactorial, including growth development disturbances, external pressure, and biomechanical alteration involving the interphalangeal joint. Here, we report a case of HVIP with the presence of a large ossicle at the lateral side, which was considered related to HVIP development. A 21-year-old woman presented HVIP that had developed since childhood. She complained of pain in her right great toe that worsened in the previous several months, particularly when walking and wearing shoes. Surgical correction consisted of Akin osteotomy, fixation with headless screw, ossicle excision, and medial capsulorrhaphy. The interphalangeal joint angle was improved from 28.69° pre-operatively to 8.93° post-operatively. The wound healed uneventfully and the patient was satisfied. Akin osteotomy with concomitant ossicle excision was effective in this case. Gaining more knowledge regarding ossicles around the foot will provide a better understanding of deformity correction, especially from the biomechanical standpoint.

The use of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector system as a sustainable energy-harvest instrument in urban technology.

A solar cell is a converter that uses semiconductor material to convert photon energy packets. The electrons located in the material's crystalline structure can escape from the bonds between their atoms and generate electricity. Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells can work via diffuse radiation and have the highest efficiency among other types of solar cell generation. Photovoltaic Thermal Collector (PVT)-based active cooling technology makes it possible to increase the efficiency of PV solar cells and to generate thermal energy at the same time through the direct conversion of solar radiation. Therefore, this study modeled various riser configurations on PVT collectors to cool PV solar cells using water heat transfer fluids and nanofluids: TiO2, SiO2, and Al2O3. The mass flow rates were varied. An ANSYS models a simulation of the heat transfer phenomenon between the PV cell layer and the fluid. Only the heat transfer phenomenon generated from the natural convection of the PV cell layer is studied using steady-state thermal ANSYS with simulated controlled conditions. The radiation intensity of 1000 W/m2 has the photovoltaic solar cells with the most negligible efficiency. The semicircular collector configuration with water at a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s demonstrated the highest electrical efficiency, achieving 11.98%.

Oxidative Degradation of Hazardous Benzene Derivatives by Ferrate(VI): Effect of Initial pH, Molar Ratio and Temperature.

Two of the most hazardous benzene derivatives (HBD) that have polluted the aquatic environment are bromobenzene and chlorobenzene. Ferrate can degrade various pollutants quickly and efficiently without producing harmful byproducts. This study aims to determine the ability of ferrate to degrade harmful contaminants such as bromobenzene and chlorobenzene. A series of batch experiments were carried out, including for the molar ratio, initial pH solution, and temperature. The study was conducted at an initial pH of 3.6 to 9.6, a molar ratio of 2 to 8 and a temperature of 15 to 55 °C. The study will also examine the differences in functional groups in these pollutants. As a result of the experiments, the optimum conditions to oxidize HBD in a batch reactor was found to have an initial pH of 7.0, a molar ratio of 8, and a temperature of 45 °C, with a 10 min reaction time. Ferrate has a degradation ability against chlorobenzene greater than bromobenzene. The functional cluster in pollutants also significantly affects the degradation ability of ferrate. The results of the degradation experiment showed that ferrate(VI) could effectively oxidize hazardous benzene derivatives in a solution.

Fabrication of AA6061-sea sand composite and analysis of its properties.

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are widely used in various applications because of their excellent properties; however, their lightweightness limits their broad application scope. Various ceramic compounds are used as reinforcements in AMCs, such as Al2O3, SiC, ZrO2, and TiO2. However, the use of ceramic compounds results in high production costs in AMC manufacturing. Thus, the substitution of reinforcement particles with various organic and industrial waste reinforcements is required. In line with the research trend of using industrial waste materials such as rice husk ash, red mud, and fly ash, this study uses sea sand as an AMC reinforcement. Sea sand is used because it primarily contains SiO2 and Fe3O4 ceramic compounds and, thus, can be used as a reinforcement. This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical properties of an AA6061-sea sand composite. Sea sand was subjected to electroless coating to increase its wettability before the stir-casting process. The as-prepared composite was manufactured by the stir-casting method upon the addition of 2-6 wt% sea sand. Composite characterisation was carried out through Brinell hardness and tensile tests. The results showed that the electroless-coated composites possessed lower porosity and, therefore, higher hardness and ultimate tensile strength than the non-electroless-coated composites.

Autologous tendon graft for non-union distal clavicle fracture in a patient with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Fracture of distal-end accounts for 20% of all clavicle fracture. In the situation of impaired bone healing environment such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), nonunion rates after surgery might increase. In the case where bone healing is unexpected, biological healing with tendon graft could be an alternative method to maintain bone reduction. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 62-year old male with a history of end-stage CKD presented to the hospital with pain, wound, and deformity on the right shoulder. The patient have had surgery in the past 4 months and resulted in a non-union fracture of the distal third right clavicle. The patient underwent implant removal and continued with coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with autologous tendon grafts of semitendinosus tendon and mini-plate augmentation. DISCUSSION: The Distal clavicle has a high rate of delayed and nonunion even without the presence of comorbidity. A compromised bone quality frequently leads to failed osteosynthesis in patients with end-stage renal failure. In the advanced stages of kidney disease, problems with a renal clearance of phosphate and low 1ɑ-hydroxylase levels resulting in increased serum phosphate levels and low serum calcium levels. Given these circumstances, we considered the idea to maintain fracture reduction by biologic soft tissue healing of the graft to replace the coracoclavicular ligaments as we can not rely on normal bone strength and healing capacity. CONCLUSION: In the situation where bone healing is unexpected, biological healing with tendon graft may be necessary. The use of autologous tendon graft and mini-plate suture augmentation could help to maintain bone reduction in such environment.

Energy behavior on side structure in event of ship collision subjected to external parameters.

The safety of ships in regards to collisions and groundings, as well as the navigational and structural aspects of ships, has been improved and developed up to this day by technical, administrative and nautical parties. The damage resulting from collisions could be reduced through several techniques such as designing appropriate hull structures, ensuring tightness of cargo tanks as well as observation and review on structural behaviors, whilst accounting for all involved parameters. The position during a collision can be influenced by the collisions' location and angle as these parts are included in the external dynamics of ship collisions. In this paper, the results of several collision analyses using the finite element method were used and reviewed regarding the effect of location and angle on energy characteristic. Firstly, the capabilities of the structure and its ability to resist destruction in a collision process were presented and comparisons were made to other collision cases. Three types of collisions were identified based on the relative location of contact points to each other. From the results, it was found that the estimation of internal energy by the damaged ships differed in range from 12%-24%. In the second stage, the results showed that a collision between 30 to 60 degrees produced higher level energy than a collision in the perpendicular position. Furthermore, it was concluded that striking and struck objects in collision contributed to energy and damage shape.