The Center of Origin and Colonization Routes of Noble Salmons of the Genus Salmo (Salmonidae, Actinopterigii).

Genetic diversity and colonization routes of noble salmons were studied using a partial nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene. The brown trout S. trutta, which is the most ancient species of the genus, was concluded to originate from the modern southeastern Pontic-Caspian area, which is currently inhabited by members of the subspecies S. trutta oxianus. Migrating westward while the Paratethys was in existence (5-34 million years ago), species of the genus colonized ancient water bodies in the modern Mediterranean basin and formed many isolated populations that survived desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea (5-6 million years ago). The Strait of Gibraltar mediated brown trout migrations to Northern Europe; the subspecies S. trutta trutta belongs to a relatively young phylogenetic lineage of the species. A separate brown trout lineage, currently classified as the subspecies S. trutta labrax, formed most likely in the area of the modern Danube basin, which was a relatively separate part of the Paratethys and was sometimes isolated as the Pannonian Lake. A highly divergent phylogenetic lineage of Atlantic salmon (S. salar) haplotypes originates from a haplotype of the brown trout that inhabited the area of the modern Strait of Gibraltar.

[A change in adrenal responsiveness in sotalol-treated patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation depending on autonomic nervous system tone].

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of sotalol depending on the magnitude of changes in adrenal responsiveness and autonomic nervous system tone in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with paroxysmal AF in the presence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension were examined. Sinus rhythm variability and sympathicotonic and vagotonic disorders were studied in patients with paroxysmal AF before and during sotalol treatment. A commercial Beta-ARM-Agat kit was used to estimate the adrenal responsiveness of erythrocyte membranes (ß-APM), which can judge the body's individual sensitivity to ß-adrenoblockers. RESULTS: Sotalol used in the average therapeutic doses of 160-240 mg did not reduce ejection fraction or increase atrioventricular conduction up to abnormal values. In patients with borderline and mild hypertension, the drug lowered blood pressure statistically significantly (p=0.01) and was well tolerated. The drug increased the sensitivity of ß-adrenoblockers in patients with adrenergic AF. CONCLUSION: The effect of sotalol on the autonomic nervous system manifested in the higher power of a high-frequency spectral component of heart rate variability than in that of a low-frequency one. Long-term sotalol administration significantly reduced ß-APM, increasing the sensitivity of adrenoceptors.

Effect of transplantation of bone marrow cells on morphology of rat myocardium after cryodestruction.

We studied the effects of bone marrow cell transplantation on myocardium of the prenecrotic zone in Wistar rats. Intramyocardial cell transplantation reduced the severity of hypertrophy of myocardium and the degree of its cicatricial degeneration on day 40 after cryodestruction. The morphology of the myocardium in the prenecrotic zone depended on the type of transplanted cells. The course of inflammation was swifter; vascularization of the myocardium was more intensive. The best effect, evaluated by the number of new vessels, was observed after MSC transplantation. Hence, the positive effect of bone marrow cell transplantation is realized at the expense of more rapid structural organization of the damaged site and stimulation of myocardial vascularization.

Changes in the rhythmoinotropic dependence of the myocardium in rats with postinfarction cardiosclerosis after beta1-adrenoreceptor blocking.

The rhythmoinotropic dependence of the papillary muscles was studied in rats with postinfarction cardiosclerosis after blocking of beta(1)-adrenoreceptors by concor (7 mg/kg daily). The development of postinfarction cardiosclerosis led to a reduction of the postextrasystolic potentiation and of potentiation induced by periods of rest. Preliminary blocking of beta(1)-adrenoreceptors stimulated the postextrasystolic contractions and contractions after periods of rest in the myocardium of rats with postinfarction cardiosclerosis. These results suggest that blocking of beta(1)-adrenoreceptors promotes an improvement of calcium-accumulating function of the cardiomyocyte sarcoplasmatic reticulum in the myocardium of rats with postinfarction cardiosclerosis.

Free radical lipid peroxidation during amiodarone therapy for postinfarction cardiosclerosis.

Postinfarction remodeling of the heart in animals with myocardial infarction was accompanied by activation of lipid peroxidation in myocardial tissue and blood serum and decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. In animals with postinfarction cardiosclerosis treated with amiodarone, we observed decreased accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and normalization of superoxide dismutase activity.