RESUMEN
Cell transplantation has been shown to be an effective therapy for central nervous system disorders in animal models. Improving the efficacy of cell transplantation depends critically on improving grafted cell survival. We investigated whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-pretreatment of neural stem cells (NSCs) enhanced grafted cell survival in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We first examined the neuroprotective effects of GDNF on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in NSCs. Cells were pretreated with GDNF for 3 days before subjecting them to OGD. After 12h of OGD, GDNF-pretreated NSCs showed significant increases in survival rates compared with PBS-pretreated NSCs. An apoptosis assay showed that the number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in GDNF-pretreated NSCs at 1h and 6h after OGD. A PD rat model was then established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 9µg) into the medial forebrain bundle. Two weeks after 6-OHDA injection, GDNF-pretreated NSCs, PBS-pretreated NSCs, or PBS were injected into PD rat striatum. The survival of grafted cells in the striatum was significantly increased in the GDNF-pretreated NSC group compared with the control groups. GDNF pretreatment increased survival of NSCs following transplantation, at least partly through suppression of cell apoptosis.
Asunto(s)
Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/farmacología , Supervivencia de Injerto/fisiología , Células-Madre Neurales/trasplante , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/cirugía , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodos , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/fisiología , Supervivencia de Injerto/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Células-Madre Neurales/efectos de los fármacos , Células-Madre Neurales/fisiología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Neurotoxinas/toxicidad , Oxidopamina/toxicidad , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/inducido químicamente , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/fisiopatología , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Trasplante Heterólogo/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Bow hunter's syndrome is a unique clinical entity caused by mechanical occlusion of the vertebral artery on head rotation. Although it is usually treated by direct surgical intervention, we report successful treatment using endovascular stent placement for contralateral vertebral artery stenosis. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 56-year-old man presented with repeated vertigo and loss of consciousness caused by turning his head to the left. Right vertebral angiogram showed no abnormalities with the head in the neutral position. However, with the head rotated 60 degrees to the left, the right vertebral artery was completely occluded at the C1-2 level. A three-dimensional angiogram with bone window clearly demonstrated vertebral artery compression at the C1-2 level by the bony structure. The left subclavian angiogram revealed severe stenosis at the origin of the left vertebral artery. Left vertebral artery angioplasty followed by stent placement was successfully performed under local anesthesia. The patient showed an uneventful postoperative course and his preoperative symptoms disappeared. At 6 months postoperatively, a left subclavian angiogram showed good patency of the stented left vertebral artery and the patient showed no recurrent symptoms. CONCLUSION: Vertebral artery stenting is a useful and less invasive option in the treatment of bow hunter's syndrome in the setting of contralateral vertebral artery stenosis.
