RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of bladder cancer prior to and following cystectomy in a U.S. sample of patients. METHODS: This retrospective, observational analysis of de-identified patients with bladder cancer utilized the MarketScan Commercial Claims & Encounters and Health & Productivity Management databases. Adult patients with bladder cancer plus ≥ 1 claim for partial or radical cystectomy between 1 October 2015 and 31 December 2020 (date of the cystectomy = index date) and who were continuously enrolled for 6 months pre- (baseline) and post-index (follow-up) were included in the sample. All-cause total healthcare costs and indirect costs associated with short-term and long-term disability (STD and LTD) employer claims were assessed during each of the 6-month baseline and follow-up periods. RESULTS: The study included N = 142 patients; mean age 56 ± 6 years, 76% (male), and 42% had a baseline Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 2. Baseline mean total all-cause direct healthcare costs were $51,473 ± $48,560 (median: $36,202), and $99,524 ± 86,839 (median: $75,444) during follow-up. At baseline, 32% of patients had ≥ 1 STD claim, equating to a mean 134 ± 303 h lost and $2,353 ± $6,445 in total payments per patient. Follow up STD claims increased 23.4% equating to a mean 218 ± 324 h lost and $3,679 ± $7,795 per patient. Patient LTD claims increased from baseline to follow-up (1-3%), with post-cystectomy LTD claims resulting in 574 ± 490 h lost, and $1,636 ± $1,429 in total payments. Over 85% of the population had a cystectomy related complication, the most common were genitourinary-related (47.9%) and infection/sepsis (33.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Cystectomy was associated with complications and decreased work productivity post-surgery. Findings may aid to inform decisions regarding cystectomy vs. bladder preservation approaches, and underscores an ongoing need to further develop bladder preservation therapies within the bladder cancer treatment landscape.
Asunto(s)
Cistectomía , Gastos en Salud , Revisión de Utilización de Seguros , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/economía , Cistectomía/economía , Cistectomía/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Gastos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados Unidos , Costo de Enfermedad , Comorbilidad , Anciano , Costos de la Atención en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder type 1 (BD-1) is a serious episodic mental illness whose severity can be impacted by social determinants of health (SDOH). To date the relationship of social and economic factors with health care utilization has not been formally analyzed using real-world data. OBJECTIVE: To describe patient characteristics and assess the influence of SDOH on hospitalizations and costs in patients with BD-1 insured with commercial and managed Medicaid health plans. METHODS: This retrospective observational study used data from the Medical Outcomes Research for Effectiveness and Economics (MORE2) Registry to identify patients aged 18 years and older with evidence of BD-1 between July 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018. SDOH were linked to patients at the "near neighborhood" level (based on ZIP9 area). Multivariable models assessed the relationship between patient characteristics and hospitalizations (incidence rate ratios [95% CI]) and costs (cost ratios [95% CI]). RESULTS: Of 243,286 patients with BD-1, 62,148 were covered by commercial insurance and 181,138 by Medicaid. Mean ages [±SD] were similar (commercial 39.8 [±14.8]; Medicaid 40.1 [±13.6]), with more female patients in both cohorts (commercial 59.8%; Medicaid 65.4%). All-cause hospitalization rates were 21.6% for commercial and 35.1% for Medicaid patients; emergency department visits were 39.7% and 64.3%, respectively. All-cause costs were $15,379 [±$27,929] for commercial and $21,474 [±$37,600] for Medicaid. Older age was a significant predictor of fewer hospitalizations compared with those aged younger than 30 years, particularly ages 40-49 for both commercial (0.60 [0.57-0.64]) and Medicaid (0.82 [0.80-0.85]). Increasing age was associated with significantly higher costs, especially age 65 and older (commercial 1.37 [1.31-1.44]); (Medicaid 1.43 [1.38-1.49]). Initial treatment with antipsychotics plus antianxiety medications was a significant predictor of higher hospitalizations (commercial 2.12 [1.98-2.27]; Medicaid 1.62 [1.57-1.68]) and higher costs (commercial 1.86 [1.80-1.92]); Medicaid 1.80 [1.76-1.84]). Household income was inversely associated with hospitalizations for Medicaid (<$30,000 [1.16 (1.12-1.19)]; $30,000-$39,999 [1.11 (1.07-1.15)]; $40,000-$49,999 [1.08 (1.05-1.12)]; $50,000-$74,999 [1.06 (1.02-1.09)]). Not speaking English well or at all was associated with 90% higher hospitalizations for commercial patients (1.93 [1.36-2.76]) but 40% fewer hospitalizations for Medicaid patients (0.59 [0.53-0.67]). Low English language proficiency was associated with significantly higher costs for commercial patients (2.22 [1.86-2.64]) but lower costs for Medicaid patients (0.57 [0.53-0.61]). CONCLUSIONS: Medicaid patients with BD-1 had high SDOH burden, hospitalizations, and costs. The association of lower English proficiency with fewer hospitalizations and lower costs in Medicaid patients suggests a potential disparity in access to care. These findings highlight the importance of addressing social risk factors to advance health equity in treatment of mental illness.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Femenino , Trastorno Bipolar/terapia , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Hospitalización , Medicaid , Estudios Retrospectivos , Costos de la Atención en SaludRESUMEN
Purpose: Triple therapy to prevent exacerbations from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with improved health compared to single and dual-agent therapy in some populations. This study assessed the benefits of prompt administration of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF) following a COPD exacerbation. Patients and methods: EROS was a retrospective analysis of people with COPD using the MORE2 Registry®. Inclusion required ≥1 severe, ≥2 moderate, or ≥1 moderate exacerbation while on other maintenance treatment. Within 12 months following the index exacerbation, ≥1 pharmacy claim for BGF was required. Primary outcomes were the rate of COPD exacerbations and healthcare costs for those that received BGF promptly (within 30 days of index exacerbation) versus delayed (31-180 days) and very delayed (181-365 days). The effect of each 30-day delay in initiation of BGF was estimated using a multivariable negative binomial regression model. Results: 2409 patients were identified: 434 prompt, 1187 delayed, and 788 very delayed. The rate (95% CI) of total exacerbations post-index increased as time to BGF initiation increased: prompt 1.52 (1.39-1.66); delayed 2.00 (1.92-2.09); and very delayed 2.30 (2.20-2.40). Adjusting for patient characteristics, each 30-day delay in receiving BGF was associated with a 5% increase in the average number of subsequent exacerbations (rate ratio, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.01-1.08; p<0.05). Prompt initiation of BGF was also associated with lower post-index annualized COPD-related costs ($5002 for prompt vs $7639 and $8724 for the delayed and very delayed groups, respectively). Conclusion: Following a COPD exacerbation, promptly initiating BGF was associated with a reduction in subsequent exacerbations and reduced healthcare utilization and costs.
Asunto(s)
Broncodilatadores , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Broncodilatadores/efectos adversos , Glicopirrolato/efectos adversos , Fumarato de Formoterol/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Inhaladores de Dosis Medida , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Método Doble Ciego , Budesonida/efectos adversos , Nebulizadores y Vaporizadores , Administración por InhalaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Describe patient characteristics, health care resource utilization, costs, and humanistic burden of women with Medicare insurance with incident fragility fracture who were admitted to post-acute-care (PAC). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using 100% Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling female Medicare beneficiaries with incident fragility fracture January 1, 2017, to October 17, 2019, resulting in PAC admission to a skilled nursing facility (SNF), home-health care, inpatient-rehabilitation facility, or long-term acute-care hospital. METHODS: Patient demographic/clinical characteristics were measured during 1-year baseline. Resource utilization and costs were measured during baseline, PAC event, and PAC follow-up. Humanistic burden was measured among SNF patients with linked Minimum Data Set assessments. Multivariable regression examined predictors of PAC costs after discharge and changes in functional status during SNF stay. RESULTS: A total of 388,732 patients were included. Compared with baseline, hospitalization rates were 3.5, 2.4, 2.6, and 3.1 times higher and total costs 2.7, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.6 times higher for SNF, home-health, inpatient-rehabilitation, and long-term acute-care, respectively, following PAC discharge. Utilization of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and osteoporosis medications remained low: 8.5% to 13.7% received DXA during baseline vs 5.2% to 15.6% following PAC; 10.2% to 12.0% received osteoporosis medication during baseline vs 11.4% to 22.3% following PAC. Dual eligibility for Medicaid (ie, low income) was associated with 12% higher costs; Black patients had 14% higher costs. Activities of daily living scores improved 3.5 points during SNF stay, but Black patients had 1.22-point lower improvement than White patients. Pain intensity scores showed small improvement (-0.8 points). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Women admitted to PAC with incident fracture had high humanistic burden with little improvement in pain and functional status and significantly higher economic burden after discharge compared with baseline. Disparities in outcomes related to social risk factors were observed, with consistently low utilization of DXA and osteoporosis medications even after fracture. Results indicate a need for improved early diagnosis and aggressive disease management to prevent and treat fragility fractures.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas de Cadera , Osteoporosis , Humanos , Anciano , Femenino , Estados Unidos , Medicare , Actividades Cotidianas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Alta del Paciente , Fracturas de Cadera/rehabilitación , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Instituciones de Cuidados Especializados de EnfermeríaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: ⢠To estimate and predict worldwide and regional prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), overactive bladder (OAB), urinary incontinence (UI) and LUTS suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction (LUTS/BOO) in 2008, 2013 and 2018 based on current International Continence Society symptom definitions in adults aged ≥20 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: ⢠Numbers and prevalence of individuals affected by each condition were calculated with an estimation model using gender- and age-stratified prevalence data from the EPIC study along with gender- and age-stratified worldwide and regional population estimates from the US Census Bureau International Data Base. RESULTS: ⢠An estimated 45.2%, 10.7%, 8.2% and 21.5% of the 2008 worldwide population (4.3 billion) was affected by at least one LUTS, OAB, UI and LUTS/BOO, respectively. By 2018, an estimated 2.3 billion individuals will be affected by at least one LUTS (18.4% increase), 546 million by OAB (20.1%), 423 million by UI (21.6%) and 1.1 billion by LUTS/BOO (18.5%). ⢠The regional burden of these conditions is estimated to be greatest in Asia, with numbers of affected individuals expected to increase most in the developing regions of Africa (30.1-31.1% increase across conditions, 2008-2018), South America (20.5-24.7%) and Asia (19.7-24.4%). CONCLUSIONS: ⢠This model suggests that LUTS, OAB, UI and LUTS/BOO are highly prevalent conditions worldwide. Numbers of affected individuals are projected to increase with time, with the greatest increase in burden anticipated in developing regions. ⢠There are important worldwide public-health and clinical management implications to be considered over the next decade to effectively prevent and manage these conditions.