[Penile angiomyxoma: a case report].

Angiomyxoma is a rare benign tumor prone to aggressive and invasive growth and relapse. Very few case reports of tumors with this morphology have been published in the world literature. In this paper, we report a rare case of penile angiomyxoma, which illustrates that any preoperative examination does not allow physicians to suspect this tumor type. This fact makes physicians be alert for cancer and use the active surgical tactics even if a tumor is supposed to be benign.

Ultrastructure of Cardiomyocytes and Blood Capillary Endotheliocytes in the Myocardium under Conditions of Experimental Mechanical Injury to the Heart.

We studied ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes and blood capillary endotheliocytes in the ventricular myocardium in response to mechanical injury of the heart of varying severity in Wistar rats. Acute alterative changes in cardiomyocyte and endotheliocyte ultrastructure indicate impairment of the energy-producing, contractile, and protein-synthesizing functions of the cells after mechanical injury. These disorders play the key role in the development of acute contractile insufficiency of the myocardium in mechanical injury to the heart.

Morphological Characteristics of the Cartilaginous Tissue of Human Auricle in Different Age Periods.

A complex morphological study of the auricle to determine the human age was performed by evaluating the metric sizes between fixed points in each auricle with axial guidelines. The auricular elastic cartilage in different age periods was characterized by thickening of the cartilaginous plate, different mature and immature cartilage zone ratio, variations in the volume density of the intercellular substance and elastic fibers, and change in the numerical density of individual chondrocytes and isogroups. Aggrecan content in the cartilage was shown to increase in different age periods. Age-related structural changes in the auricular cartilage expand the possibilities of forensic medical examination and hold much promise for the identification of personality.

[Teflon granuloma after microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root in a patient with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia].

The use of a Teflon implant for Jannetta surgery in patients with trigeminal neuralgia is complicated in rare cases by the development of a Teflon granuloma and can cause recurrent facial pain. The article presents a clinical case of a Teflon granuloma developed after microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root, describes the surgical findings and histological picture, and analyzes the literature, causes of granuloma development, and recommendations for treatment of these patients.

[MICROSCOPIC COLITIS: THE CLINICAL CASE].

During past years incidence and prevalence of microscopic colitis (MC) have increased, that is possible caused to the improvement of knowledge of doctors about the disease. This article contain modern views on epidemiology, diagnostic and variant of microscopic colitis treatment. A typical clinical picture of MC in the form of recurrent a watery diarrhea, with the absence of pathologic changes at roentgenologic and endoscopic investigations is described with the example of a clinical case.

[Amniotic fluid embolism as a cause of maternal death].

This article reports the case of death of a puerperal woman resulting from amniotic fluid embolism. The diagnosis was established based on the results of the pathohistological study that revealed the presence of mucoproteides and epithelial scales in pulmonary blood vessels and capillaries.

[The expert observation of myocardial contusion in a child].

A case of the myocardial contusion associated with the closed blunt chest injury in the girl aged 1 year 7 months is presented. The autopsy revealed hemorrhage of an irregular oval shape, coloured dark-red, and confined to the region with the area of 4.0 x 3.5 cm. It penetrated throughout the entire thickness of the lower part of the left atrial myocardium and the upper and middle parts of the left ventricle. No other changes were found in the heart, nor were congenital cardiac and vascular malformations documented. The main factors playing an important role in the formation of the myocardium contusion are discussed. The authors emphasize that it is the children having the narrow chest with the pliable wall who constitute the group at the highest risk of accidents resulting in the chest injury and myocardial contusion.

[The epithelium of terminal placental villi in pregnant women with diffuse toxic goiter].

OBJECTIVE: To study the state of trophoblast and basal membranes of terminal placental villi in pregnant women with compensated diffuse toxic goiter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Placental fragments from 38-40-week pregnant women were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry using PCNA, NCL-COLL-IV, and NCL-MMP-2-507 monoclonal antibodies ("Novocastra", United Kingdom). RESULTS: Examination of the terminal placental villi revealed changes in their syncytiotrophoblast in the women with physiological and gestosis-complicated pregnancy and compensated diffuse toxic goiter; immunohistochemistry showed degradation of basal membranes and a change in their levels of type IV collagen. CONCLUSION: In gestosis, compensatory mechanisms occur due to the larger number of symplastic buds and the numerical density of their nuclei and during hormonal imbalance due to the increase in the mean area of symplastic buds. Placental compensatory and adaptive mechanisms in pregnant women with diffuse toxic goiter call for further immunohistochemical investigation of the structural components of the placental barrier.

Influence of polychemotherapy on the morphology of metastases and kidney of resistant RLS-bearing mice.

AIM: Polychemotherapy (PCT), widely used for the antitumor treatment has a pronounced toxic effect on the organism, and its cytostatic effect sometimes is canceled by multidrug resistance of a neoplasia. Comprehension of the nature and development of pathological changes caused by the PCT during the treatment of cancer is very important to improve the efficiency of the therapy and to clarify the mechanisms of tumor-host interactions. This study was aimed to examine PCT impact on kidney cells and tissues in mice with transplanted resistant lymphosacroma (RLS) and to analyze morphology of metastases of the tumor in kidney during PCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male mice CBA/LacSto (55 animals) were intramuscularly implanted in the right hind paw by 105 cells/ml of tumor RLS (a diffuse large B-cell lymphosarcoma) with multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Mice received combination of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg), oncovin (0.1 mg/kg), hydroxydaunorubicin (4 mg/kg), and prednisone (5 mg/kg) accordingly to CHOP scheme each 7 days after inoculation of the tumor. The kidneys were sampled on days 1, 3 and 7 after each series of injection of PCT preparations and processed for light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 and Apaf-1 proteins also was performed. RESULTS: Tumor RLS produced metastases comprised of small cells in the kidneys of mice after 8 days post inoculation. Application of PCT resulted in destruction of small-cell metastases and development of many large-cell metastases in kidney. Application of PCT induced the development of prominent damage of nephron cells, primarily in S3 segments of proximal tubules. Even one series of PCT caused reduction of basal plasma folds in these cells and alteration of mitochondria. Damage of proximal tubules and involvement of distal tubules, renal bodies and interstitial tissue in the pathologic process, increased during the experiment. This work presents the description of morphological changes in kidney as well as of the tumor metastases under PCT influence. CONCLUSION: The obtained data should be considered while designing of remedies for recovery of internal organs functions after antitumor PCT.

[To question about integrated prevention of diabetes taking into account the technogenic factors of environment (experimental results)].

Experimental conditions shown that formaldehyde decreased course of diabetes. Adding to meal the powder of plant's rhizome Curcuma longa contributes to the restoration of the morphological structure of the liver, kidney, the normalization of water-salt and carbohydrate metabolism, this can be used in programs for integrated prevention of diabetes in areas of technological risk.

[Different characteristics of quality of life in celiac disease patients].

AIM: To study quality of life (QoL) in patients with celiac disease (CD) in the course of treatment with aglutenic diet (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Modern algorithm of glutenic enteropathy diagnosis (enzyme immunoassay, histological examination of the biopsy of distal duodenum mucosa) was used in 650 patients with different gastrointestinal symptoms. QoL was assessed in the course of AD treatment of CD with application of universal standard questionnaire MOS SF-36. RESULTS: CD was diagnosed in 56 (8.6%) patients. Classic CD was diagnosed in 44 (78.6%) patients, atypical CD--in 12 (21.4%). Significant lowering of QoL characteristic psychological health" was observed in CD patients under 30 and over 50 and "physical health" in 30-50-year-old CD patients. Women had low points on "mental health" scale. After 3 AD months QoL worsened by all the scales, but after 12 months QoL significantly improved. CONCLUSION: QoL in patients with classic CD is associated with gender and age. First, AD deteriorates QoL, but 1-year diet therapy improves QoL.

Morphologic changes in the tumor and liver in mice with transplanted RLS40 lymphosarcoma during increase of its drug resistance.

The progress of drug resistance of RLS(40) resistant lymphosarcoma and specific features of toxic lesions in the liver in polychemotherapy were studied. After intramuscular injection of tumor cells, the mice received a course of polychemotherapy. The tumor material was then collected and transplanted to intact animals, after which polychemotherapy was carried out. A total of 4 passages of tumor cells and 4 polychemotherapy courses were carried out. The expression of mdr1b, bcl-2, and p53 genes in tumor cells increased by 1.3, 2.3, and 1.6 times after 4 courses of polychemotherapy in comparison with intact tumor. Volume density of apoptoses in tumor tissue after 4 polychemotherapy courses decreased 1.7 times compared to that after single course. The increase in cytostatic load was associated with aggravation of destructive changes in the liver: the volume density of necroses in the liver increased 1.3 times after 4 passages of the tumor.

[A case of malignant germ-cell tumor with choriocarcinoma].

The authors describe a case of the malignant retroperitoneal germ-cell tumor in a 20-year-old male, which appears as several types of tissues that are derivatives of three germinal layers with the presence in its composition of choriocarcinoma, metastases of which to the vital organs were a cause of death.

[Association of HLA alleles with pathological parameters in breast cancer].

The study included 67 breast cancer patients and 147 healthy controls--residents of the city of Novosibirsk. HLA association with tumor cell differentiation pattern and grade was established in breast cancer patients. -A19, -B27, -DR1, -DR6 (p < or = 0.01) and -A1, -A2, -B12, -B35, -B40 (p < or = 0.05) were shown to be associated with disease while -DR3, -DR4 and -B15--with resistance to it. Absence of metastasis to the lymph nodes was associated with -B16 and -B35, and -A19/DR2, -B35/DR1: local metastases -B40 in combination with -A1, -A10, -DR2 and A10/DR2; metastases to the regional lymph nodes--with -B5, -B17 and phenotypes-- -A2/B5, -B5/B18. Well differentiated cell tumors were associated with -A3, -A19, -B7, -B12, -B-35 in combination with -DR1, -DR2, -DR5 and phenotypes-- -A3/A19 and -A1/B35; moderately-- -B40 and -DR1; phenotypes-- -A1/B40, -B27/DR1, -B40/DR1; poorly differentiated cell tumor-- -A19, -DR6 and -A2/-A19, -A9/DR6, -B40//DR6. HLA testing may be instrumental as an additional means of prognosis for beast cancer.

Ultrastructural and histochemical markers of endometrial secretion induction in habitual miscarriage.

Biphasic hormone therapy at the stage of pre-gestation treatment of patients with habitual miscarriages stimulates the expression of progesterone receptors in the endometrium during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle with full-value ultrastructural rearrangement of the endometrial glandular components in comparison with the patients receiving metabolic therapy alone.

[The stage of portal blood flow in patients with hemoblastosis combined with chronic hepatitis].

109 patients with hemoblastosis (HB) were examined. Average age was 31.8 +/- 1.4 years in group of lymphogranulomatosis patients, and 44 +/- 5.3 years in group of acute leukemia patients. Group of 46 patients with clinical laboratory signs of hepatic lesion was marked out. Since features of portal blood flow (PBF) revealed at dopplerography did not depend on hepatitis aetiology, all patients with chronic hepatitis were analyzed in one group. These patients were examined clinicobiochemically: functional hepatic tests, markers of viral hepatitis B and C, ultrasonic abdominal scanning, PBF dopplerography, puncture biopsy of hepar. All patients had PBF disturbances such as decrease of portal vein blood flow, increase of venous drainage of hepar and spleen. The degree of disturbances intensity increased depending on degree of chronic hepatitis activity (the index of histological activity) and hepatic fibrosis stage. Thus, presence of chronic hepatitis in HB patients regardless of aetiology, is the factor aggravating patients' stage and corrupting PBF. PBF disturbances (decrease of arterial and venous inflow and increase of venous outflow) and development of fibrous changes apparently related with compression of vessels by connective tissue around central veins, inside of lobules and among of hepatic cells. Consequence of it is including anastomosises in blood flow which leads to redistribution of PBF and portal hypertension forming.

Pathomorphological study of the cytotoxic effects of cyclic polychemotherapy on reproductive organs of female rats.

The effects of cyclic polychemotherapy on reproductive organs were studied in female rats intraperitoneally injected (twice at 7-day intervals) with cyclophosphamide (21 mg/kg), adriamycin (2.1 mg/kg), vincristine (0.04 mg/kg), and prednisolone (2.1 mg/kg). Changes in the vaginal swabs on day 1 after polychemotherapy corresponded to estrus in 45% animals, to proestrus in 25%, and were undifferentiated in 30%. After repeated injection of the cytostatics, undifferentiated changes were found in 80% females and persisted for 6 days. Injection of the cytostatic complex led to degenerative changes and necrosis of follicular epithelial cells, edema and focal necroses of vascular endotheliocytes, which progressed after repeated polychemotherapy. By the end of 1.5 months following 2 courses of polychemotherapy, the numerical density of primary, early and late secondary follicles in the ovaries decreased and vascular sclerosis developed indicating progressive atrophy.

[Morphological and immunohistochemical peculiarities of placental terminal villi in a physiological and gestosis-complicated pregnancy and in pregnancy in patients with type I diabetes and gestosis].

Using the methods of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, the structural organization of terminal placental villi was studied in a physiological and gestosis-complicated pregnancy, as well as in women with type I diabetes mellitus and gestosis. The studies have revealed both morphological and immunohistochemical differences in the ratio of structural components in the terminal placental villi, including decreased diameter of the villi, increased degree of capillarization, reduced proportion of the connective tissue, increased type I, II, III, and VI collagen content in the connective tissue extracellular matrix and the decreased type IV collagen content in basement membranes in gestosis-complicated pregnancy. These changes were more expressed in the combination of gestosis and type I diabetes mellitus. It was found that the compensatory processes in gestosis are predominantly provided by syncytiotrophoblast, while in type I diabetes mellitus they were due to the increased capillarization of the terminal villi.

[Quantitative characteristics of the cellular link of immunity and a lymphocytic response to tumor-associated antigens in patients with tuberculosis and malignant neoplasms of the lung]. / Kolichestvennye kharakteristiki kletochnogo zvena immuniteta i reaktsiia limfotsitov na opukholeassotsiirovannye antigeny u bol'nykh pri tuberkuleze i zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovaniiakh legkikh.

The relative quantities of basic populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes and their response to tumor-associated antigens were estimated in the peripheral blood patients with tuberculosis and malignant neoplasms of the lung. In both diseases, the changes in the count of immunocompetent cells are similar and they characterize immunodeficiency typical of these conditions. A response to tumor-associated antigens was found only in patients with lung cancer, the pattern of this response depending on the grade of a tumor.