Novel Agents as Main Drivers for Continued Improvement in Survival in Multiple Myeloma.

(1) Background: New therapeutic strategies have improved the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM), changing the accepted view of this disease from being incurable to treatable. (2) Methods: We studied 1001 patients with MM between 1980 and 2020, grouping patients into ten-year periods by diagnosis 1980-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2010 and 2011-2020. (3) Results: After 65.1 months of follow-up, the median OS of the cohort was 60.3 months, and OS increased significantly over time: 22.4 months in 1980-1990, 37.4 months in 1991-2000, 61.8 months in 2001-2010 and 103.6 months in 2011-2020 (p < 0.001). Using novel agents in the front-line setting for myeloma patients yielded a significantly better OS than in those treated with conventional therapies, especially when combinations of at least two novel agents were used. The median OS of patients treated with the combination of at least two novel agents in induction was significantly prolonged compared to those treated with a single novel agent or conventional therapy in induction: 143.3 vs. 61.0 vs. 42.2 months (p < 0.001). The improvement was apparent in all patients regardless of age at diagnosis. In addition, 132 (13.2%) patients were long-term survivors (median OS ≥ 10 years). Some independent clinical predictors of long-term survival were identified: ECOG < 1, age at diagnosis ≤ 65 years, non-IgA subtype, ISS-1 and standard-risk cytogenetic. Achieving CR and undergoing ASCT were positively associated with >10 years of survival. (4) Conclusions: The combination of novel agents appears to be the main factor for the improvement in survival in MM, which is becoming a chronic and even curable disease in a subtype of patients without high-risk features.

[Diagnostic value of D-dimer in patients with a low pretest probability of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities]. / Valor diagnóstico del dímero-D en pacientes con baja probabilidad clínica de trombosis venosa profunda en miembros inferiores.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the accuracy of a diagnostic strategy including broth clinical assessment and determination of D-dimer (DD) in patients with clinically suspicion of low pretest probability of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHOD: 149 outpatients (mean age 69; SD 16) with clinically suspected proximal DVT attending our Emergency Department and classified as low pretest probability were included in an observational prospective study. In patients with a DD (STA Liatest D-Di, Diagnostica Stago, Asnières sur Seine, France) concentration below the cut-off value (0.4 ng/ml) the diagnosis of DVT was readily ruled out, whereas those individuals with a positive DD result underwent compression Doppler venous ultrasound. A 3-month clinical follow-up was carried out in those patients in whom a diagnosis of DVT was initially excluded. RESULTS: Only 2 cases of DVT were confirmed (prevalence 1.3%; CI 95%, 0.2-5.3). In 47.6% of cases, a DD negativity ruled out the diagnosis of DVT. The rate of negative DD results was significantly lower in patients below 70 years of age as compared to older patients (73.6 versus 33.3%) (p < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DD in our series were 100% (CI 95%,19.7-95.1), 48.3% (CI 95%, 40.0-56.7), 2.6% (CI 95%, 0.4-9.8) and 100% (CI 95%, 93.6-99.8) respectively, the latter being similar in the two age groups. No case of DVT was diagnosed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a low pretest probability of DVT a negative DD result reliably and safely rules out such diagnosis. However, the diagnostic value of DD is lower in elderly patients (>= 70 years of age) due to a lower rate of negative results in these individuals.