Unraveling the Hydrological Behavior of a Coastal Pond in Doñana National Park (Southwest Spain).

Time series analysis methods have been used to detect behavioral patterns in a set of nine time series. These series contained information in a 3-h time step about meteorological, hydrological and tidal data of a sand dune pond area located in Doñana National Park in the southwest of Spain. The methods used, such as wavelet analysis and additive seasonal decomposition, had never been applied before in the types of ecosystems studied. These approaches have improved the current knowledge of the conceptual model of the Santa Olalla pond system, the only system with a permanent hydroperiod located in this protected area. In addition, complex surface water-groundwater interactions, not visible through descriptive methods, have been distinguished to have a strong seasonal component. Finally, we evaluated the effect of pumping activity in a nearby coastal resort on the water supply of the Santa Olalla pond system. Although direct damage to this sand dune pond has not yet been identified, special attention must be paid in order to maintain groundwater inputs that are integral to maintaining its current status.

Data on chemical composition of soil and water in the semiarid wetland of Las Tablas de Damiel National Park (Spain) during a drought period.

Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP) is a Ramsar Mediterranean wetland area designated as Biosphere Reserve by Unesco. The whole system dried out during a long drought period in the past decade (2006-2009) and a smouldering peat fire took place in 2009. The physical and chemical properties of sediments were significantly disturbed by the fire. To date, the ecological system has not fully recovered from the impact. We present a raw data collection of the chemical composition of soil, groundwater and surface water sampled over four consecutive years in 2006-2010. The data include major and minor anions and cations, nutrients and heavy metals. Sampling points were located inside and outside TDNP both upstream as well as downstream. The information provided can be used to analyse the medium and long term impact of drought and smouldering fire to the TDNP environment. It is also a baseline for hydro-ecological modelling of the impact of climate change in arid and semiarid wetlands to develop adaptive management strategies.

Concentrating solar power plants versus groundwater resources in Mediterranean areas of Spain: The environmental dilemma.

Concentrating solar power plants (CSPPs) are considered to be particularly respectful of the environment but under Mediterranean climate where surface water scarcity is a key issue, these types of electrical plants usually require groundwater for their cooling towers and use the same aquifers to discharge their salinized effluents. This study analyses de Spanish case, where fifteen out of the fifty active CSPPs use groundwater directly, four discharge their effluents to infiltration ponds and forty-three to surface watercourses most of which recharge underlying aquifers. The volume of water withdrawn and discharged varies greatly among similar plants. The salinity of the effluent exceeds 2.5 times that of the withdrawn water in half of the plants and it may alter the current or potential use of the water turning it unsuitable for drinking or even for irrigation. There is a risk that the impact on groundwater can be extended to related ecosystems such as wetlands. This can become a serious environmental problem, but specific impacts on groundwater are often overlooked in environmental impact assessments of CSPPs and no research on the matter has been reported so far. Other legal and political implications of CSPPs are further discussed.

Discovery of a mass grave from the Spanish Civil War using Ground Penetrating Radar and forensic archaeology.

An estimated 500,000 people died from all causes during the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939, with a further 135,000 killed after the war ended. There are currently over 2000 known mass burial locations throughout Spain but many more are unknown. This study details the successful search for an unmarked mass grave in mountainous terrain in the Asturias region of Northern Spain. Two approximate locations were known due to eyewitness accounts. A phased site investigation approach was undertaken, which included Ground Penetrating Radar. Results showed a clear geophysical anomaly on 2D GPR profiles. The identified area was subsequently intrusively investigated by forensic archaeologists and human remains were successfully discovered. Careful and sensitive investigations are essential in these approaches where living relatives are involved.

Effectiveness of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder in Latin America.

Objective. Painful physical symptoms occur frequently in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and although numerous studies report the effect of antidepressants on emotional aspects of depression, few focus on their effect on physical symptoms. This observational study was conducted, in a clinical practice setting, to determine antidepressant treatment decisions and their outcome on the physical and emotional symptoms of MDD. Methods. Patients with a mean score ≥2 for pain-related items on the Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI) were classified with painful physical symptoms (PPS +) and differentiated from the remaining patients (PPS -). Severity of depression and physical pain were determined using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17) and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity Scale (CGI-S), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), respectively. Results. At baseline, 72.6% of patients were PPS+. Compared to PPS- patients, PPS +patients were, on average, significantly more depressed at baseline (mean difference [95% CI]: HAMD17 4.6 [3.6, 5.5] and CGI-S 0.3 [0.2, 0.4]; all p<0.0001), and remained more depressed and in greater pain at endpoint (HAMD17p=0.0074, CGI-S P =0.0151, and VAS P <0.0001). In addition, fewer PPS+ patients (65.8%) achieved remission (total HAMD17≤7) compared to PPS- patients (74.6%, P =0.0180). Conclusions. Painful physical symptoms are prevalent in MDD patients, highlighting the importance of addressing both the physical and emotional symptoms of depression.

Experiencia con venlafaxina en Venezuela / Experience with venlafaxine in Venezuela

Se realizó un estudio abierto, no comparativo, multicéntrico, prospectivo en el cual fueron incluidos 171 pacientes con diagnóstico de depreción mayor (leve, moderada y severa), fue realizado por 39 psiquiatras en 10 ciudades de Venezuela. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la eficacia, seguridad y tolerancia de la venlafaxina, una nueva droga antidepresiva en pacientes ambulatorios. La Sociedad Venezolana de Psiquiatría aprobó el protocolo del estudio. Los pacientes llenaban los criterios diagnósticos para depresión mayor de la DSM-III-R. La escala para evaluación de depresión de hamilton y la de impresión clínica global (ICG) fueron utilizadas para determinar la respuesta clínica de los pacientes a la medición. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos en diferentes grupos de dosis (37,5 - 75 mg, 100 - 150 mg y de 175 - 300 mg) de acuerdo a su puntuación al inicio del estudio en la escala de hamilton. Los pacientes fueron evaluados durante 6 semanas. Un total de 118 pacientes completaron el estudio (69 por ciento) de los 118 casos, 50 tenían depresión leve, 39 moderada y 29 severa. Después de 7 días de tratamiento con venlafaxina se apreció una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en pacientes con depresión leve a moderada en la escala ICG como se observa a continuación: en dosis de 37,5 a 75 mg hubo una mejoría marcada a los 7 días en el 36,8 por ciento, después de 14 días en el 76,3, después de 28 días en el 91,1 por ciento y a los 42 días en el 94,7 por ciento. En el grupo de dosis de 100 a 150 mg hubo una mejoría marcada a los 7 días del 37,5 por ciento, en el día 14 del 53,3 por ciento, en el día 28, 78,1 por ciento y al día 42 de 89,3 por ciento. Todos estos resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos. En el grupo de dosis de 150 a 300 mg a los 7 días fue de 0 por ciento, al día 14 de 33,3 por ciento, al día 28 de 55,6 por ciento y al día 42 de 41,4 por ciento. Todos estos resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos. De acuerdo a la esc...

La atención del paciente geriátrico en una unidad de terapia intensiva / Geriatric assistance in an intensive care unit

Se realiza un análisis retrospectivo de los gerontes ingresados en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital General Docente "Julio Trigo" durante los primeros 10 meses de su funcionamiento. Los ancianos representan el 51 % del total de ingresos de la Unidad, las afecciones cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de admisión. La mayoría de los pacientes de más de 60 años presentaron complicaciones durante su estadía, hubo arritmias cardíacas en el 90 % de los mismos y muchos tuvieron trastornos psíquicos. La mortalidad se incrementó cuando las intervenciones quirúrgicas se realizaron de urgencia en comparación con las electivas. Las principales causas de muerte fueron las enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias. La mortalidad de los ancianos fue dos veces mayor que la de pacientes más jóvenes