Preclosing of the femoral artery allows total percutaneous venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and prevents groin wound infection after lung transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: In lung transplantation (LT), femoral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) usually requires an open approach that may be associated with severe groin wound infection. In endovascular aortic procedures, preclosing of the femoral artery (PFA) with vascular closure devices allows the percutaneous insertion and withdrawal of large-bore cannulae. We sought to evaluate whether this innovative technique could be applied in the specific setting of LT to achieve total percutaneous VA-ECMO and decrease groin wound infection. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of a prospective database including patients who underwent LT in our centre from January 2011 to December 2017. Patients who underwent peripheral VA-ECMO using the PFA technique after January 2014 (PFA group, n = 106) were compared to those who underwent peripheral VA-ECMO using open cannulation and/or decannulation before January 2014 (non-PFA group, n = 48). The primary end point was the rate of technical success defined as total percutaneous VA-ECMO. Secondary end points included groin wound infections and delayed vascular complications. RESULTS: The PFA technique was technically successful in 98 patients (92.5%). As compared with the non-PFA group, the PFA group was characterized by a similar rate of vascular complications (16.6% vs 11.3%, P = 0.360) and a decreased rate of groin wound infection (18.9% vs 0%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with vascular complications following PFA included female sex, peripheral arterial disease and ECMO duration. CONCLUSIONS: In LT patients, PFA is associated with a high rate of total percutaneous VA-ECMO, thus preventing the occurrence of groin wound infection.

Surgical revascularization of the celiac artery for persistent intestinal ischemia in short bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Without prompt superior mesenteric artery (SMA) revascularization, acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) frequently leads to death or short bowel syndrome (SBS). In SBS patients, persistent or chronic intestinal ischemia (PII) of the remnant bowel can lead to recurrences of AMI. Since SMA revascularization is sometimes unfeasible, celiac artery (CA) revascularization may improve blood supply to the remnant bowel. The aim of this study was to describe and to assess our experience of the CA revascularization in case of SMA occlusion unsuitable for revascularization in the setting of PII in SBS patients. METHODS: All consecutive patients with i) SBS consecutive to AMI, ii) persistent intestinal ischemia (PII), iii) irreversible SMA occlusion, i.e unsuitable for radiological or surgical revascularization and iv) occlusion or severe stenosis of the CA were included. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (7 males/6 females, mean age = 47.2 ±â€¯12.1 years) were included. The mean length of remnant small bowel was 47 ±â€¯39 cm and 77% of patients had a stoma. The types of revascularization included anterograde aorto-hepatic bypass n = 11 (84%), ilio-hepatic bypass n = 1 (8%) and endarterectomy n = 1 (8%). Major adverse events were observed in 5 cases: bypass graft infection (n = 2), hemorrhagic pericarditis (n = 2), hemorrhagic shock (n = 2) and aortic false aneurysm (n = 1). After a mean follow-up of 27.0 ±â€¯25.2 months, symptoms of PII relieved in 12 cases (92%) allowing for digestive surgical rehabilitation with continuity restoration in 7 patients (54%). PN was weaned for 2 patients. One-year and 3-year survival rates were 73.8% and 73.8% respectively. No recurrence of AMI or further need for bowel resection was noticed. CONCLUSION: For patients with SBS suffering from PII with CA occlusion or stenosis without possibility of SMA revascularization, the surgical revascularization of the CA allowed digestive rehabilitation with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.

Surgical management of penetrating thoracic injuries during the Paris attacks on 13 November 2015.

OBJECTIVES: The Paris terrorist attacks on 13 November 2015 caused 482 casualties, including 130 deaths and 352 wounded. Facing these multisite terrorist attacks, Parisian public and military hospitals simultaneously managed numerous patients with penetrating thoracic injuries. The aim of this study was to analyse this cohort, the injury patterns, and assess the results of this mobilization. METHODS: The clinical records of all patients admitted to Parisian public and military hospitals with a penetrating thoracic injury related to the Paris 13 November terrorist attacks were reviewed. RESULTS: The study group included 25 patients (7% of the casualties) with a mean age of 34 ± 8 years and a majority of gunshot wounds ( n = 20, 80%). Most patients presented with severe thoracic injury (Abbreviated Injury Score Thorax 3.3 ± 1.2), and also associated non-thoracic injuries in 21 cases (84%). The mean Injury Severity Score was 26.8 ± 9.4. Eight patients (32%) were managed with chest tube insertion and 17 (68%) required thoracic surgery. Lung resection, diaphragmatic repair, and lung suture were performed in 6 (36%), 6 (35%), and 5 cases (29%), respectively. Extra-thoracic surgical procedures were performed in 16 patients, mostly for injuries to the extremities. Postoperative mortality was 12% ( n = 3) and postoperative morbidity was 60% ( n = 15). CONCLUSIONS: The coordination of Parisian military and civilian hospitals allowed the surgical management of 25 patients. The mortality is high but consistent with what has been reported in previous series. The current times expose us to the threat of new terrorist attacks and require that the medical community be prepared.

Technical Aspects of Open Repair for Degenerative Aneurysmal Evolution Despite Early Thoracic Endovascular Repair of Type B Aortic Dissection.

BACKGROUND: Closure of the proximal tear by thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) at the acute phase appears to be a safe effective treatment to prevent aneurysmal degeneration type B dissection. However, it appears to be inefficient in up to a third of the patient. We report the technical aspects of our experience with patients undergoing secondary open repair after TEVAR for dissecting thoracoabdominal aneurysm despite early closure proximal tear by TEVAR. METHODS: During a period of 5 years, 96 patients presenting acute type B aortic dissections were treated by TEVAR and followed-up in our institution. Among them, 5 patients experienced an evolution to a dissecting thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Their demographic data and initial medical conditions, delay to reintervention, operative technical details, perioperative and mid-term outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: All 5 patients (4 male, mean age 58 ± 9) were operated under peripheral normothermic bypass without deep circulatory arrest using the thoracic stent graft as an elephant trunk for completion of the proximal anastomosis. In cases of patency, the false lumen was reapproximated in the anastomosis, 6 visceral arteries were revascularized selectively. One patient died at day 1 of perioperative ventricular fibrillation due to an acute myocardial infarction. The 4 others are alive without complication after a median of 30 months, range (13-22). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, TEVAR was not only efficient at the acute phase to deal with complications, but in cases of subsequent aneurysmal evolution, it made open repair even easier by avoiding very proximal cross-clamping/anastomosis and circulatory arrest.