Spacing effects on flows around two square cylinders in staggered arrangement via LBM.

This study presents a computational analysis of fluid flow characteristics around two staggered arranged square cylinders using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). With Reynolds number (Re) fixed at 200, numerical simulations explore the influence of varying gap ratios (G) ranging from 0 to 10 times the cylinder size. Emphasis is placed on understanding the impact of cylinders spacing on flow structure mechanisms and induced forces. Investigation of fluid flow parameters includes vorticity behavior, pressure streamlines, and variations in drag and lift coefficients alongside the Strouhal number under different values of G. From the results, four distinct flow patterns emerge: single bluff body flow, flip flopping flow, modulated synchronized flow, and synchronized flow, each exhibiting unique characteristics. This study reveals the strong dependence of fluid forces on G, with low spacing values leading to complex vortex structures and fluctuating forces influenced by jet flow effects. At higher spacing values, proximity effects between cylinders diminish, resulting in a smoother periodic flow. The Strouhal number, average drag force and the rms values of drag and lift force coefficients vary abruptly at narrow gaps and become smooth at higher gap ratios. Unlike the tandem and side-by-side arrangements the staggered cylinders arrangement is found to have significant impact on the pressure variations around both cylinders. Overall, this research could contribute to a comprehensive understanding of staggered cylinder arrangements and their implications for engineering applications.

Molecular docking, derivatization, characterization and biological assays of amantadine.

Background: Derivatization has been tremendously utilized in the field of drug discovery for optimizing the pharmacological properties and improving safety, efficacy and selectivity. Methodology: Schiff's bases (AD1-AD11) are synthesized through amantadine condensation with different aldehydes and ketones. Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, TLC, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, in silico studies, molecular docking and antiviral activity through hemagglutinin test were performed for evaluation of new compounds. Results: AD2, 3 and 9-11 showed greater antiviral activity than the parent drug. Among all derivatives, AD2 and AD3 exhibited good potential against α-amylase while AD7 and AD10 showed stronger inhibition against α-glucosidase. Conclusion: So, it is concluded that the most potent derivatives can be used as lead compounds in novel drug design of antiviral antidiabetic agents.

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Synthesis of quercetin derivatives as cytotoxic against breast cancer MCF-7 cell line in vitro and in silico studies.

Background: Quercetin being antioxidant and antiproliferative agent acts by inhibiting CDK2, with an increase in cancer prevalence there is a need to profile quercetin derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors. Materials & method: Schiff bases of quercetin were synthesized as cytotoxic agents against the MCF7 cell line. FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, CHNS/O analysis were employed along with in vivo and in silico activities. Results & conclusion: 2q, 4q, 8q and 9q derivatives have maximum cytotoxic effect with IC50 values 39.7 ± 0.7, 36.65 ± 0.25, 35.49 ± 0.21 and 36.99 ± 0.45, respectively. Molecular docking also confirmed these results 8q has the highest binding potential of -9.165 KJ/mole making it a potent inhibitor of CDK2. These derivatives can be used as lead compounds as potent CDK2 inhibitors.

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MicroRNA-Dependent Mechanisms Underlying the Function of a ß-Amino Carbonyl Compound in Glioblastoma Cells.

Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive brain malignancy characterized by its invasive nature. Current treatment has limited effectiveness, resulting in poor patients' prognoses. ß-Amino carbonyl (ß-AC) compounds have gained attention due to their potential anticancerous properties. In vitro assays were performed to evaluate the effects of an in-house synthesized ß-AC compound, named SHG-8, upon GB cells. Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) and biocomputational analyses investigated the effects of SHG-8 upon the miRNome and its bioavailability within the human body. SHG-8 exhibited significant cytotoxicity and inhibition of cell migration and proliferation in U87MG and U251MG GB cells. GB cells treated with the compound released significant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Annexin V and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining also demonstrated that the compound led to apoptosis. sRNA-seq revealed a shift in microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles upon SHG-8 treatment and significant upregulation of miR-3648 and downregulation of miR-7973. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) demonstrated a significant downregulation of CORO1C, an oncogene and a player in the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. In silico analysis indicated SHG-8's potential to cross the blood-brain barrier. We concluded that SHG-8's inhibitory effects on GB cells may involve the deregulation of various miRNAs and the inhibition of CORO1C.

Enhancing hydrodynamic forces through miniaturized control of square cylinders using the lattice Boltzmann method.

This study investigates the influence of small control cylinders on the fluid dynamics around a square cylinder using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Varying the gaps (L) between the main and control cylinders from 0 to 6, four distinct flow regimes are identified: the solo body regime (SBR), shear layer reattachment (SLR), suppressed fully developed flow (SFDF), and intermittent shedding (IS). The presence of control cylinders results in significant reductions in flow-induced forces, with drag coefficient (CD) and root mean square values of drag and lift coefficients (CDrms and CLrms) decreasing by approximately 31%, 90%, and 81%, respectively. The SFDF flow regime exhibits the lowest fluid forces compared to other regimes. The effects of tiny control cylinders on the fluid flow characteristics of a square cylinder are examined using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) in this research work. The gaps (L) between the main and control cylinders are varied in the range from 0 to 6. The size of each control cylinder is equal to one-fifth of the primary cylinder. According to the findings, there are four distinct flow regimes as the gap spacing varies: solo body regime (SBR), shear layer reattachment (SLR), suppressed fully developed flow (SFDF), and intermittent shedding (IS) for gap spacing ranges 0 ≤ L ≤ 0.2, 0.3 ≤ L ≤ 0.9, 1 ≤ L ≤ 3, and 3.2 ≤ L ≤ 6, respectively. Additionally, it has been noted that the amplitude of variable lift force is reduced when the gap separation between the main and control cylinders is increased. When compared to solo cylinder values, it is found that the presence of small control cylinders in the flow field results in a considerable reduction of flow-induced forces. The SFDF flow regime was determined to have the lowest fluid forces compared to the other flow regimes studied. Our findings highlight the efficacy of small control cylinders in mitigating flow-induced forces and controlling flow characteristics. The LBM proves to be a valuable computational technique for such fluid flow problems.

The role of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment and pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Psoriasis, a prevalent inflammatory skin condition impacting millions globally, continues to pose treatment challenges, despite the availability of multiple therapies. This underscores the demand for innovative treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option due to their capacity to modulate the immune system and facilitate tissue healing. Recent research indicates that MSCs don't just work through direct cell-to-cell interactions but also release extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing various bioactive substances like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This article explores our current knowledge of psoriasis's origins and the potential utilization of MSCs and their EVs, particularly exosomes, in managing the condition. Additionally, we delve into how MSCs and EVs function in therapy, including their roles in regulating immune responses and promoting tissue repair. Lastly, we discuss the obstacles and opportunities associated with translating MSC-based treatments for psoriasis into clinical practice.

Exploring the role of trifarotene against RAR-α: an investigation of expression pattern and clinicopathological significance of RAR-α in breast cancer.

Introduction: The members retinoic acid receptors (RARs) (α, ß, and γ) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) (α, ß, and γ) belong to the retinoid receptor family. They regulate the biological action of classical retinoids through nuclear retinoid receptors, a transcription factor that is regulated by ligands. Through the binding of particular retinoic acid-responsive elements (RAREs) located in target gene promoters, RARs and members of the RXRs form heterodimers. By binding to its nuclear receptors and triggering the transcription of the target genes downstream, retinoic acid (RA) mediates the expression of certain genes. Retinoids so mainly control gene expression to carry out their biological actions. RARs are essential for many biological processes, such as development, immunity, reproduction, organogenesis, and homeostasis. Apart from their physiological functions, RARs are also linked to pathologies and tumors due to mutations, protein fusions, changes in expression levels, or abnormal post-translational changes that lead to aberrant functions and homeostasis breakdown. The oncogenic development of animal tissues or cultured cells is linked to altered expression of retinoid receptors. The RAR-α is over-expressed in several malignancies. Increased invasion and migration in several cancer forms, including HNSC carcinoma, pediatric low-grade gliomas, lung adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer, have been linked to its upregulated expression. Numerous approved therapeutic regimens targeting RAR-α have been developed, improving patient survival rates. Objective: This study's main objective was to identify novel RAR-α-targeting drugs and evaluate the expression patterns of RAR-α in breast cancer patients. Methodology: In-silico investigation using a variety of bioinformatics tools like UALCAN, TISCH, TIMER 2.0, ENRICHR, and others were employed to examine the expression of RAR-α. Further we evaluated in-silico inhibition of RAR-α with trifarotene and also tested the cytotoxicity of trifarotene in breast cancer cells. Results: Our research indicates that RAR-α is upregulated in several malignancies including Breast Cancer. It regulates granulocyte differentiation and has an association with the retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway and cellular response to estrogen stimulus. Furthermore, trifarotene was found as a potential synthetic compound that targets RAR-α through in silico and in-vitro study. Discussion: Overall, this research indicates that elevated expression of RAR-α enhances the onset of breast cancer. Using trifarotene medication to target RAR-α will significantly boost the response of breast cancer individuals to treatment and delay the development of resistance to drugs.

Potential of covalently linked tamoxifen hybrids for cancer treatment: recent update.

Cancer is a complex disease and the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer is still a leading cause of cancer death in women. Tamoxifen is the most commonly used drug for breast cancer (ER-positive) treatment and chemoprevention, saving the lives of millions of patients every year. In addition, the tamoxifen template has been explored extensively for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) applicable in breast cancer, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptom treatment. Numerous anticancer drugs, including tamoxifen, are in use, but the complexity and heterogeneous nature of cancer complicate the effect of conventional targeted drugs, leading to adverse reactions and resistance. One of the significant approaches to overcome these shortcomings is drug hybrids, generated by covalently linking two or more active pharmacophores. These drug hybrids are remarkably effective in acting on multiple drug targets with higher selectivity and specificity. In recent years, several tamoxifen hybrids have been discovered as potential candidates for cancer treatment. The review highlights the recent progress in developing anticancer hybrids, including organometallic, fluorescent, photocaged, and novel ligand-based tamoxifen hybrids. It also demonstrates the significance of merging various pharmacophores with tamoxifen to produce more potent, precise, and effective anticancer agents. The study offers valuable knowledge to researchers working on cancer research with the hope of enhancing drug potency and reducing drug toxicity to improve cancer patients' lives.

Association between Reactive Oxygen Species, Transcription Factors, and Candidate Genes in Drought-Resistant Sorghum.

Drought stress is one of the most severe natural disasters in terms of its frequency, length, impact intensity, and associated losses, making it a significant threat to agricultural productivity. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a C4 plant, shows a wide range of morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations in response to drought stress, paving the way for it to endure harsh environments. In arid environments, sorghum exhibits enhanced water uptake and reduced dissipation through its morphological activity, allowing it to withstand drought stress. Sorghum exhibits physiological and biochemical resistance to drought, primarily by adjusting its osmotic potential, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and changing the activities of its antioxidant enzymes. In addition, certain sorghum genes exhibit downregulation capabilities in response to drought stress. Therefore, in the current review, we explore drought tolerance in sorghum, encompassing its morphological characteristics and physiological mechanisms and the identification and selection of its functional genes. The use of modern biotechnological and molecular biological approaches to improving sorghum resistance is critical for selecting and breeding drought-tolerant sorghum varieties.

Produced water treatment by semi-continuous sequential bioreactor and microalgae photobioreactor.

Produced water (PW) from oil and gas exploration adversely affects aquatic life and living organisms, necessitating treatment before discharge to meet effluent permissible limits. This study first used activated sludge to pretreat PW in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). The pretreated PW then entered a 13 L photobioreactor (PBR) containing Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae culture. Initially, 10% of the PW mixed with 90% microalgae culture in the PBR. After the exponential growth of the microalgae, an additional 25% of PW was added to the PBR without extra nutrients. This study reported the growth performance of microalgae in the PBR as well as the reduction in effluent's total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metals content. The results demonstrated removal efficiencies of 64% for TOC, 49.8% for TDS, and 49.1% for EC. The results also showed reductions in barium, iron, and manganese in the effluent by 95, 76, and 52%, respectively.

Pilot-Study to Explore Metabolic Signature of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pipeline of Tree-Based Machine Learning and Bioinformatics Techniques for Biomarkers Discovery.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify unique metabolomics biomarkers associated with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and develop an accurate diagnostics model using tree-based machine learning (ML) algorithms integrated with bioinformatics techniques. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate analyses such as fold change, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were used to identify biomarker metabolites that showed significant concentration in T2D patients. Three tree-based algorithms [eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost)] that demonstrated robustness in high-dimensional data analysis were used to create a diagnostic model for T2D. RESULTS: As a result of the biomarker discovery process validated with three different approaches, Pyruvate, D-Rhamnose, AMP, pipecolate, Tetradecenoic acid, Tetradecanoic acid, Dodecanediothioic acid, Prostaglandin E3/D3 (isobars), ADP and Hexadecenoic acid were determined as potential biomarkers for T2D. Our results showed that the XGBoost model [accuracy = 0.831, F1-score = 0.845, sensitivity = 0.882, specificity = 0.774, positive predictive value (PPV) = 0.811, negative-PV (NPV) = 0.857 and Area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.887] had the slight highest performance measures. CONCLUSIONS: ML integrated with bioinformatics techniques offers accurate and positive T2D candidate biomarker discovery. The XGBoost model can successfully distinguish T2D based on metabolites.

Single-nucleus transcriptomics of epicardial adipose tissue from female pigs reveals effects of exercise training on resident innate and adaptive immune cells.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in women. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) secretes cytokines to modulate coronary artery function, and the release of fatty acids from EAT serves as a readily available energy source for cardiomyocytes. However, despite having beneficial functions, excessive amounts of EAT can cause the secretion of proinflammatory molecules that increase the instability of atherosclerotic plaques and contribute to CAD progression. Although exercise mitigates CAD, the mechanisms by which exercise impacts EAT are unknown. The Yucatan pig is an excellent translational model for the effects of exercise on cardiac function. Therefore, we sought to determine if chronic aerobic exercise promotes an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in EAT from female Yucatan pigs. METHODS: Sexually mature, female Yucatan pigs (n = 7 total) were assigned to sedentary (Sed, n = 3) or exercise (Ex, n = 4) treatments, and coronary arteries were occluded (O) with an ameroid to mimic CAD or remained non-occluded (N). EAT was collected for bulk (n = 7 total) and single nucleus transcriptomic sequencing (n = 2 total, 1 per exercise treatment). RESULTS: Based on the bulk transcriptomic analysis, exercise upregulated S100 family, G-protein coupled receptor, and CREB signaling in neurons canonical pathways in EAT. The top networks in EAT affected by exercise as measured by bulk RNA sequencing were SRC kinase family, fibroblast growth factor receptor, Jak-Stat, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Single nucleus transcriptomic analysis revealed that exercise increased the interaction between immune, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and between endothelial and other cell types in the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 pathway. Sub-clustering revealed nine cell types in EAT, with fibroblast and macrophage populations predominant in O-Ex EAT and T cell populations predominant in N-Ex EAT. Unlike the findings for exercise alone as a treatment, there were not increased interactions between endothelial and mesenchymal cells in O-Ex EAT. Coronary artery occlusion impacted the most genes in T cells and endothelial cells. Genes related to fatty acid metabolism were the most highly upregulated in non-immune cells from O-Ex EAT. Sub-clustering of endothelial cells revealed that N-Ex EAT separated from other treatments. CONCLUSIONS: According to bulk transcriptomics, exercise upregulated pathways and networks related to growth factors and immune cell communication. Based on single nucleus transcriptomics, aerobic exercise increased cell-to-cell interaction amongst immune, mesenchymal, and endothelial cells in female EAT. Yet, exercise was minimally effective at reversing alterations in gene expression in endothelial and mesenchymal cells in EAT surrounding occluded arteries. These findings lay the foundation for future work focused on the impact of exercise on cell types in EAT.

Exploring HMMR as a therapeutic frontier in breast cancer treatment, its interaction with various cell cycle genes, and targeting its overexpression through specific inhibitors.

Among women, breast carcinoma is one of the most complex cancers, with one of the highest death rates worldwide. There have been significant improvements in treatment methods, but its early detection still remains an issue to be resolved. This study explores the multifaceted function of hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) in breast cancer progression. HMMR's association with key cell cycle regulators (AURKA, TPX2, and CDK1) underscores its pivotal role in cancer initiation and advancement. HMMR's involvement in microtubule assembly and cellular interactions, both extracellularly and intracellularly, provides critical insights into its contribution to cancer cell processes. Elevated HMMR expression triggered by inflammatory signals correlates with unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer and various other malignancies. Therefore, recognizing HMMR as a promising therapeutic target, the study validates the overexpression of HMMR in breast cancer and various pan cancers and its correlation with certain proteins such as AURKA, TPX2, and CDK1 through online databases. Furthermore, the pathways associated with HMMR were explored using pathway enrichment analysis, such as Gene Ontology, offering a foundation for the development of effective strategies in breast cancer treatment. The study further highlights compounds capable of inhibiting certain pathways, which, in turn, would inhibit the upregulation of HMMR in breast cancer. The results were further validated via MD simulations in addition to molecular docking to explore protein-protein/ligand interaction. Consequently, these findings imply that HMMR could play a pivotal role as a crucial oncogenic regulator, highlighting its potential as a promising target for the therapeutic intervention of breast carcinoma.

Effects of Salt Stress on Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Rice Genotypes with Contrasting Salt Tolerance.

Salinity is one of the major constraints to crop production. Rice is a main staple food and is highly sensitive to salinity. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of salt stress on physiological and agronomic traits of rice genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance. Six contrasting rice genotypes (DJWJ, JFX, NSIC, HKN, XD2H and HHZ), including three salt-tolerant and three salt-sensitive rice genotypes, were grown under two different salt concentrations (0 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCl solution). The results showed that growth, physiological and yield-related traits of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice were significantly affected by salt stress. In general, plant height, tiller number, dry weight and relative growth rate showed 15.7%, 11.2%, 25.2% and 24.6% more reduction in salt-sensitive rice than in salt-tolerant rice, respectively. On the contrary, antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase), osmotic adjustment substances (proline, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA)) and Na+ content were significantly increased under salt stress, and the increase was far higher in salt-tolerant rice except for MDA. Furthermore, grain yield and yield components significantly decreased under salt stress. Overall, the salt-sensitive rice genotypes showed a 15.3% greater reduction in grain yield, 5.1% reduction in spikelets per panicle, 7.4% reduction in grain-filling percentage and 6.1% reduction in grain weight compared to salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress. However, a modest gap showed a decline in panicles (22.2% vs. 22.8%) and total spikelets (45.4% vs. 42.1%) between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice under salinity conditions. This study revealed that the yield advantage of salt-tolerant rice was partially caused by more biomass accumulation, growth rate, strong antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment ability under salt stress, which contributed to more spikelets per panicle, high grain-filling percentage and grain weight. The results of this study could be helpful in understanding the physiological mechanism of contrasting rice genotypes' responses to salt stress and to the breeding of salt-tolerant rice.

Investigating the potential of Juglans regia phytoconstituents for the treatment of cervical cancer utilizing network biology and molecular docking approach.

The fourth most frequent type of cancer in women and the leading cause of mortality for females worldwide is cervical cancer. Traditionally, medicinal plants have been utilized to treat various illnesses and ailments. The molecular docking method is used in the current study to look into the phytoconstituents of Juglans regia's possible anticancer effects on cervical cancer target proteins. This work uses the microarray dataset analysis of GSE63678 from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database to find differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions of differentially expressed genes were constructed using network biology techniques. The top five hub genes (IGF1, FGF2, ESR1, MYL9, and MYH11) are then determined by computing topological parameters with Cytohubba. In addition, molecular docking research was performed on Juglans regia phytocompounds that were extracted from the IMPPAT database versus hub genes that had been identified. Utilizing molecular dynamics, simulation confirmed that prioritized docked complexes with low binding energies were stable.

Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Electrode for the Fabrication of Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensor.

This work demonstrates the use of jute stick extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In UV-Vis spectroscopy, peak at 550 nm was used to confirm the formation of AuNPs. The spherical surface morphology of AuNPs was determined through SEM and TEM analysis. While XRD investigation revealed the crystallinity of the prepared AuNPs. To ensure the biocompatibility of synthesized AuNPs, a bacterial investigation was conducted with negative results towards bacterial strain. The, modified FTO with AuNPs were able to detect glucose in CV analysis and the constructed sensor displayed a wide linear range of 50 µM to 40 mM with a detection limit of 20 µM. Scan rate analysis was performed to determine the charge transfer coefficient (0.42) and Tafel slope (102 mV/decade). Furthermore, the interfacial surface mechanism is illustrated to understand the interaction of glucose with the electrode surface in an alkaline medium and the product formation through the dehydrogenation and hydrolysis process. The prepared sensor also showed good stability, reproducibility, and anti-interference capabilities. In the case of real sample analysis, we used a blood serum sample. A low RSD value (<10 %) suggests the practical use of AuNPs/FTO in real-life applications.

Translation, cross cultural adaptation, and validation of Arabic version of Interview administered version of Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ).

BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment tools for work rehabilitation are essential in healthcare settings. Adapting the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) to Arabic-speaking populations ensures effective evaluation and intervention for individuals with work-related disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To execute a cross-cultural adaptation of interview-administered version Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire -Arabic (WORQ-A) and assess the psychometric properties of WORQ-A in patients with musculoskeletal problems. METHODS: WORQ is mainly intended to assess the work functioning of persons who are involved in vocational rehabilitation. Psychometric properties were scrutinized in the outpatient rehabilitation center. Test-retest reliability was examined with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha. The usability of WORQ-A was established in 46 patients with musculoskeletal problems. RESULTS: WORQ-A exhibited exceptional internal consistency (0.93) and a great test-retest reliability (0.87). Regarding usability, the ability to understand the questions and answer choices was established as good. Five percent of the participants encountered minor difficulties with certain words, while the majority found it quite straightforward to choose the correct answers. CONCLUSIONS: The WORQ-A is an effective, consistent, and very easy to administer questionnaire to assess the work-related functions assumed in our study context and the individualities of the sample.

Exogenous glutathione protected wheat seedling from high temperature and water deficit damages.

High temperatures (HT) and drought are two major factors restricting wheat growth in the early growth stages. This study investigated the role of glutathione (GSH) amendment (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM) to soil in mitigating the adverse effect of HT (33 °C, with 25 °C as a control), water regimes (60% of field capacity and control), and their combinations. HT decreased the length, project area, surface area, volume, and forks of the root, while drought had the reverse effect. Shoot length, leaf area, leaf relative water content, and shoot and root dry matter were significantly decreased by HT and drought, and their combined impact was more noticeable. GSH significantly promoted the root system, shoot growth, and leaf relative water content. The combined treatment reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. However, 0.5 mM GSH raised chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll by 28.6%, 41.4%, and 32.5%, respectively, relative to 0.0 mM GSH. At combined treatment, 0.5 mM GSH decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) by 29.5% and increased soluble protein content by 24.1%. GSH meaningfully enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxide in different treatments. This study suggested that GSH could protect wheat seedlings from the adverse effects of HT and/or drought stresses.