Acceptance of Electronic Labeling for Medicinal Product Information Among Malaysian Hospital Patients: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: While perceptions of electronic labeling (e-labeling) in developed countries have been generally positive, existing data primarily come from studies involving hospital pharmacists, community pharmacy customers who may not be frequent medication users, and individuals receiving COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess e-labeling acceptance, perceptions of its benefits, challenges with its implementation, and preferences among hospital ambulatory care patients in Malaysia. Additionally, the study investigates the factors influencing patients' acceptance of e-labeling. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a 28-item questionnaire was conducted at the outpatient pharmacy department of a quaternary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from May to June 2023. The questionnaire was developed based on a review of published literature related to e-labeling and was guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, second version (UTAUT2). Patients aged 18 years and above were recruited using a stratified sampling method to ensure representative age-related medication usage. A mobile tablet was provided to patients for self-completion of the e-survey in their preferred language (English, Malay, or Mandarin). Categorical data on e-labeling acceptance, perceptions, and preferences were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative content analysis was performed to characterize participants' responses to open-ended questions. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of e-labeling acceptance. RESULTS: Out of 462 patients approached, 387 (83.8%) participated in the survey, with 283 (73.1%) accepting e-labeling. Most participants perceived the electronic version of the package insert as beneficial, particularly for understanding their medication better through the choice of language (352/387, 91.0%). However, around half of the participants (197/387, 50.9%) expressed concerns about the potential risks of obtaining illegal medication information via e-labeling. Most participants (302/387, 78.0%) preferred to access electronic leaflets through government websites. However, 221/387 (57.1%) still wanted the option to request printed leaflets. Significant predictors of e-labeling acceptance included perceived benefits such as better understanding of medication (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 8.02, 95% CI 2.80-22.97, P<.001), environmental protection (AOR 7.24, 95% CI 3.00-17.51, P<.001), and flexibility in information retrieval (AOR 2.66, 95% CI 1.11-6.35, P=.03). Conversely, being of Chinese ethnicity compared with Malay (AOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13-0.60, P=.005) and perceived lack of self-efficacy in browsing electronic leaflets (AOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11-0.56, P<.001) were associated with lower acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: The acceptance rate for e-labeling among hospital ambulatory care patients was moderately high and was significantly influenced by ethnicity as well as patients' perceived benefits and challenges related to its implementation. Future strategies to enhance e-labeling uptake should address patient concerns regarding the challenges of using the digital platform and emphasize the benefits of e-labeling.

Diagnosis-Related Groups payment reform and hospital cost control.

BACKGROUND: This study explores the influence of Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) payment reform on hospital cost control and offers pertinent cost management strategies for public hospitals. It situates the research by elucidating the significance of the DRG payment method and comparing its advantages and drawbacks with the traditional 'pay per project' model. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim is to assess the impact of DRG payment reform on hospital cost control and propose effective cost management strategies for public hospitals. The objective is to provide insights into DRG payment implications and attempt practical recommendations for its implementation in the public healthcare sector. METHODS: Employing a comprehensive approach, the study analyzes DRG payment, delineates advantages and drawbacks, and proposes cost management strategies. Methods include staff training, an information management platform, disease analysis, and optimized cost accounting. The study highlights the potential for improved medical diagnosis and treatment through industry-finance integration. RESULTS: Findings reveal advantages and limitations of DRG payment, emphasizing strategies for optimizing hospital operations. Enhanced medical diagnosis and treatment procedures through industry-finance integration contribute to overall cost control effectiveness. CONCLUSION: The study serves as a practical guide for implementing DRG payment reforms, offering valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals in navigating the complexities of cost control in public healthcare.

Development and validation of a predictive scoring model for risk stratification of tuberculosis treatment interruption.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment interruption poses risks of antimicrobial resistance, potentially leading to treatment failure and mortality. Addressing the risk of early treatment interruption is crucial in tuberculosis care and management to improve treatment outcomes and curb disease transmission. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify risk factors of TB treatment interruption and construct a predictive scoring model that enables objective risk stratification for better prediction of treatment interruption. METHODS: A multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted at public health clinics in Sarawak, Malaysia over 11 months from March 2022 to January 2023, involving adult patients aged ≥18 years with drug-susceptible TB diagnosed between 2018 and 2021. Cumulative missed doses or discontinuation of TB medications for ≥2 weeks, either consecutive or non-consecutive, was considered as treatment interruption. The model was developed and internally validated using the split-sample method. Multiple logistic regression analysed 18 pre-defined variables to identify the predictors of TB treatment interruption. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate model performance. RESULTS: Of 2953 cases, two-thirds (1969) were assigned to the derivation cohort, and one-third (984) formed the validation cohort. Positive predictors included smoking, previously treated cases, and adverse drug reactions, while concurrent diabetes was protective. Based on the validation dataset, the model demonstrated good calibration (P = 0.143) with acceptable discriminative ability (AUC = 0.775). A cutoff score of 2.5 out of 11 achieved a sensitivity of 81 % and a specificity of 64.4 %. Risk stratification into low (0-2), medium (3-5), and high-risk (≥6) categories showed ascending interruption rates of 5.3 %, 18.1 %, and 41.3 %, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The predictive scoring model aids in risk assessment for TB treatment interruption, enabling focused monitoring and personalized intervention plans for higher-risk groups in the early treatment phase.

The antibiotic resistance profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study.

PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study (ACSIKS). METHODS: All bacterial isolates from ACSIKS underwent repeat microbiological identification in a central repository in Singapore. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was conducted for isolates of P. aeruginosa against thirteen antibiotics from 6 different classes, and categorized based on Clinical Laboratory Standard Institutes' reference ranges. The percentage rates of resistance (non-susceptibility) to each antibiotic included isolates of both intermediate and complete resistance. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial classes. RESULTS: Of the 1493 unique bacterial specimens obtained from ACSIKS, 319 isolates were of P. aeruginosa. The majority of isolates were from centers in India (n = 118, 37%), Singapore (n = 90, 28.2%), Hong Kong (n = 31, 9.7%) and Thailand (n = 30, 9.4%). The cumulative antibiotic resistance rate was the greatest for polymyxin B (100%), ciprofloxacin (17.6%) and moxifloxacin (16.9%), and lowest for cefepime (11.6%) and amikacin (13.5%). Isolates from India demonstrated the highest antibiotic resistance rates of all the centers, and included moxifloxacin (47.5%) and ciprofloxacin (39.8%). Forty-eight of the 59 MDR isolates also originated from India. Antibiotic resistance rates were significantly lower in the other ACSIKS centers, and were typically less than 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The antibiotic resistance profiles of P. aeruginosa varied between different countries. While it was low for most countries, substantial antibiotic resistance and a significant number of multi-drug resistant isolates were noted in the centers from India.

Evaluation of tissue conditioner-assisted complete denture restoration: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of three impression methods, conventional, closed-mouth, and tissue conditioner, on complete denture fabrication. METHODS: 60 subjects (edentulous with severely resorbed alveolar ridges - Atwood classification III or IV) who visited the Prosthodontic Department of Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, China, between January 2022 and June 2023, were selected for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 20: a conventional impression group (CI group), a closed-mouth impression group (CM group), and a tissue conditioner group (TC group). Three months after denture restoration was completed, denture quality was assessed by clinicians in terms of marginal extension, retention, and stability. In addition, patients completed the oral health impact profile-edentulous (OHIP-EDENT) questionnaire to provide subjective satisfaction evaluations of the final denture restoration outcomes. RESULTS: The comprehensive denture quality evaluation results showed that the TC group had the lowest score, which was significantly lower than that of the CM (P= 0.014) and CI (P< 0.001) groups. The average score of the CM group was also significantly lower than that of the CI group (P= 0.004), indicating that tissue conditioner restoration was the most effective method. The OHIP-EDENT scores gradually decreased across the groups from CI to CM to TC (P= 0.001), indicating patients' oral health was significantly improved using tissue conditioner. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Tissue conditioner is a suitable dynamic functional impression method. It can significantly improve the effects for edentulous patients and increase their satisfaction.

Nicotinamide Suppresses Hyperactivation of Dendritic Cells to Control Autoimmune Disease through PARP Dependent Signaling.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in initiating and shaping both innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinical studies and experimental models have highlighted their significant involvement in various autoimmune diseases, positioning them as promising therapeutic targets. Nicotinamide (NAM), a form of vitamin B3, with its anti-inflammatory properties, has been suggested, while the involvement of NAM in DCs regulation remains elusive. Here, through analyzing publicly available databases, we observe substantial alterations in NAM levels and NAM metabolic pathways during DCs activation. Furthermore, we discover that NAM, but not Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), significantly inhibits DCs over-activation in vitro and in vivo. The suppression of DCs hyperactivation effectively alleviates symptoms of psoriasis. Mechanistically, NAM impairs DCs activation through a Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs)-NF-κB dependent manner. Notably, phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) and PARPs are significantly upregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DCs and psoriasis patients; elevated NAMPT and PARPs expression in psoriasis patients correlates with higher psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores. In summary, our findings underscore the pivotal role of NAM in modulating DCs functions and autoimmune disorders. Targeting the NAMPT-PARP axis emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for DC-related diseases.

The Pneumothorax And Symptom Evaluation (PASE) study: Bendopnoea in patients with pneumothorax.

Background: Pneumothorax can cause distressing breathlessness, however the effect of the accumulated air in the pleural space and its association with diaphragmatic function and symptoms of breathlessness is not well understood. Bendopnoea is an evolving clinical symptom that has been demonstrated as clinically useful in some heart and lung conditions. Whether bendopnoea is present in patients with pneumothorax, and its potential clinical usefulness has not yet been investigated. The PASE study is a pilot study to explore the incidence and clinical relevance of bendopnoea in patients with pneumothorax and may provide better understanding of pneumothorax related dyspnoea. Methods: PASE is a prospective study. Eligible patients are assessed at baseline (pre air drainage/lung reinflation) and in patients whose pneumothorax resolves once the lung has re-expanded (post conservative management or air drainage procedure). Outcome measures include the incidence of bendopnoea, correlation of the associated symptoms (pain and breathlessness) to the severity of bendopnoea and the size of pneumothorax; and correlation with clinical outcome (i.e., response to air drainage/lung reinflation). The study will recruit 50 participants. Discussion: This is the first study to explore bendopnoea in patients with pneumothorax. The presence and significance of bendopnoea in relation to clinical and physiological parameters in patients with pneumothorax requires investigation. The findings of this study may further current understanding of dyspnoea related pneumothorax. Trial Registration: Name of the registry: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry Trial registration number : ACTRN12623001109695p. URL of the trial registry record for this trial : https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=386631&isReview=true Date of registration : Registered on 24 October 2023. Funding of the trial : This study has not received grant support. The study is sponsored by the Institute for Respiratory Health, a not-for-profit organisation. Name and contact information for the trial sponsor : Mr Bi Lam; Finance manager. Level 2, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009. Role of sponsor : The funder is not involved in the planning of the study, gathering, analysing, and interpreting the data, or in preparing the manuscript. Protocol version : 1.

Effects of wearing myopia glasses on eye movement and scleral blood supply.

The present study examined the effect of wearing myopia glasses on eye movement and scleral blood supply. For this purpose, a total of 30 individuals were recruited for the present self-control study. Under the same fixation distance, the individuals wore 0.00 D and -10.00 D glasses. The amount of eye movement generated when shifting from gazing at a central point to a point light source located at the left or right was measured and compared between the two glasses. The results revealed that the range of eye movement was significantly reduced after wearing -10.00 D glasses. When gazing at the right point light source from the central point, the difference between the rotation distances of the right eye when wearing the 0.00 D glasses and the -10.0 D glasses was 0.73±0.45 mm (t=8.93, P<0.01) and that of the left eye was 0.73±0.43 mm (t=9.34, P<0.01). Similar results were obtained when the left point light source was viewed from a shift in gaze from the central point. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that wearing concave lenses limits eyeball movement. Restricted eyeball movement can affect vascular changes within the extraocular muscles and blood flow, thereby affecting the blood supply to the anterior segment and sclera of the eye, potentially accelerating the development of myopia.

Changes in the Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacterial Epidemiology of Moraxella catarrhalis from Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 5-Year Study at a Tertiary Hospital of Southwest China.

This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Moraxella catarrhalis infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The epidemiological features and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of M. catarrhalis were compared between the pre-pandemic period (2018-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2022). The results revealed a marked increase in the positivity rate of M. catarrhalis in 2020 and 2021 compared with the pre-pandemic years. The median age of the patients increased significantly in 2021 and 2022, while the proportion of male patients decreased substantially from 2019 to 2021. In addition, there were notable changes in the co-infections of Haemophilus influenzae, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The AMR profile of M. catarrhalis also changed significantly, showing increased resistance to ampicillin, but decreased resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin, and a lower proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates. Notably, ampicillin resistance increased among ß-lactamase-producing isolates. Before the pandemic, the number and detection rate of isolates, along with resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were seasonally distributed, peaking in autumn and winter. However, coinciding with local COVID-19 outbreaks, these indices sharply fell in February 2020, and the number of isolates did not recover during the autumn and winter of 2022. These findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the infection landscape of M. catarrhalis in pediatric CAP patients, as evidenced by shifts in the detection rate, demographic characteristics, respiratory co-infections, AMR profiles, and seasonal patterns.

Para-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Mitigates Senescence and Inflammaging in Human Skin Models.

Para-hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA) is one of the most abundant naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acids, a class of chemistries known for their antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated the impact of pHCA on different parameters of skin aging in in vitro skin models after H2O2 and UV exposure. These parameters include keratinocyte senescence and differentiation, inflammation, and energy metabolism, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that pHCA prevents oxidative stress-induced premature senescence of human primary keratinocytes in both 2D and 3D skin models, while improving clonogenicity in 2D. As aging is linked to inflammation, referred to as inflammaging, we analyzed the release of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2, known to be associated with senescence. All of them were downregulated by pHCA in both normal and oxidative stress conditions. Mechanistically, DNA damage induced by oxidative stress is prevented by pHCA, while pHCA also exerts a positive effect on the mitochondrial and glycolytic functions under stress. Altogether, these results highlight the protective effects of pHCA against inflammaging, and importantly, help to elucidate its potential mechanisms of action.

Detection and characterisation of a sixth Candida auris clade in Singapore: a genomic and phenotypic study.

BACKGROUND: The emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris poses a serious threat to global public health due to its worldwide distribution, multidrug resistance, high transmissibility, propensity to cause outbreaks, and high mortality. We aimed to characterise three unusual C auris isolates detected in Singapore, and to determine whether they constitute a novel clade distinct from all previously known C auris clades (I-V). METHODS: In this genotypic and phenotypic study, we characterised three C auris clinical isolates, which were cultured from epidemiologically unlinked inpatients at a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. The index isolate was detected in April, 2023. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and obtained hybrid assemblies of these C auris isolates. The complete genomes were compared with representative genomes of all known C auris clades. To provide a global context, 3651 international WGS data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were included in a high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done and antifungal resistance genes, mating-type locus, and chromosomal rearrangements were characterised from the WGS data of the three investigated isolates. We further implemented Bayesian logistic regression models to classify isolates into known clades and simulate the automatic detection of isolates belonging to novel clades as their WGS data became available. FINDINGS: The three investigated isolates were separated by at least 37 000 SNPs (range 37 000-236 900) from all existing C auris clades. These isolates had opposite mating-type allele and different chromosomal rearrangements when compared with their closest clade IV relatives. The isolates were susceptible to all tested antifungals. Therefore, we propose that these isolates represent a new clade of C auris, clade VI. Furthermore, an independent WGS dataset from Bangladesh, accessed via the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, was found to belong to this new clade. As a proof-of-concept, our Bayesian logistic regression model was able to flag these outlier genomes as a potential new clade. INTERPRETATION: The discovery of a new C auris clade in Singapore and Bangladesh in the Indomalayan zone, showing a close relationship to clade IV members most commonly found in South America, highlights the unknown genetic diversity and origin of C auris, particularly in under-resourced regions. Active surveillance in clinical settings, along with effective sequencing strategies and downstream analysis, will be essential in the identification of novel strains, tracking of transmission, and containment of adverse clinical effects of C auris infections. FUNDING: Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center Nurturing Clinician Researcher Scheme, and the Genedant-GIS Innovation Program.

Defective recovery of QT dispersion due to no-reflow following acute interventional therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that adequate myocardial reperfusion after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can improve the inhomogeneity of myocardial repolarization. However, it remains unclear whether no-reflow (NR) following emergency PCI involves disadvantages related to ventricular repolarization indices. The present study aimed to determine the effect of NR on QT dispersion (QTd) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to evaluate the prognostic value of the relative reduction of QTd on ventricular arrhythmia events (VAEs). Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted. According to the inclusion criteria, 275 patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI treatment at the First People's Hospital of Anqing affiliated to Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to May 2023 were enrolled. According to whether NR occurred during PCI, these patients were divided into two groups: an NR group and a non-NR group. Subsequently, the QT intervals were measured before and at 12 hours after PCI. Afterward, the QTd, corrected QTd (QTcd), and the relative reduction of QTd and QTcd 12 hours pre- and postprocedure (ΔQTd-R and ΔQTcd-R, respectively) were calculated. Finally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the risk of VAE occurrence. Results: In the non-NR group, there was a significant decrease from baseline in postprocedure QTd (48±17 vs. 73±22 ms; P=0.009) and QTcd (54±19 vs. 80±23 ms; P=0.01); in contrast, the NR group showed no significant difference in QTd (64±20 vs. 75±23 ms; P=0.58) or QTd (70±22 vs. 82±26 ms; P=0.45). Furthermore, the ΔQTd-R and ΔQTcd-R were both lower in the NR group than in the non-NR group (P<0.05); however, the rate of VAEs was higher in the NR group than in the non-NR group (15.2% vs. 6.2%; P=0.02). The multivariable logistic regression analysis results revealed that each increase of 12% in ΔQTcd-R was an independent predictor of VAEs (odds ratio: 0.547; 95% confidence interval: 0.228-0.976). Conclusions: The NR phenomenon following primary PCI in patients with STEMI leads to the defective recovery of QTd and QTcd. Furthermore, ΔQTcd-R can be viewed as an effective indicator for evaluating the myocardial repolarization inhomogeneity, and short-term clinical outcomes.

Universal screening for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancer diagnoses in Auckland, New Zealand: The initial experience.

BACKGROUND: Universal mismatch repair immunohistochemistry (MMR IHC) tumour testing in endometrial cancer (EC) for Lynch syndrome (LS) was introduced in Auckland, New Zealand, in January 2017. Identifying patients with LS allows them and their families to access risk reduction strategies. Universal MMR IHC testing aids in the molecular classification of EC and has prognostic and therapeutic implications. AIM: We aimed to determine the incidence of LS in women with EC in Auckland, New Zealand, following the introduction of MMR testing and the impact of universal screening on local genetic services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective clinicopathological evaluation of women with a new EC diagnosis referred to the Auckland Gynaecological Oncology Unit from 1/1/17 to 31/12/18. Patient data were extracted from the Gynaecological Oncology Unit database and electronic records, and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: During the study period, 409 patients were diagnosed with EC, with an over-representation of Pacific Islanders (32.5%). Of these, 82.6% underwent MMR IHC testing, 20% were MMR-deficient (MMRd), and 71% had somatic hypermethylation. The Pacific Islander population had a 64% (odds ratio 0.36, P = 0.005) reduction in the odds of having MMRd tumours compared with Europeans. Of the patients who underwent MMR IHC testing, 5.5% were referred to a genetic clinic for germline testing. LS was confirmed in eight patients (2.3%). CONCLUSION: LS was diagnosed in 2.3% of patients. There was an over-representation of Pacific Islanders in the EC group but not among those diagnosed with LS.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatric patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the infection spectrum of various pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections among pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We retrospectively reviewed pediatric CAP admissions before (from 2018 to 2019) and during (from 2020 to 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of S. aureus isolates were examined to assess the pandemic's effect. As a result, a total of 399 pediatric CAP patients with S. aureus infections were included. The positivity rate, gender, and age distribution of patients were similar across both periods. There was a marked reduction in respiratory co-infections with Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to 2019. Additionally, there were significant changes in the resistance profiles of S. aureus isolates to various antibiotics. Resistance to oxacillin and tetracycline increased, whereas resistance to penicillin, gentamicin, and quinolones decreased. Notably, resistance to erythromycin significantly decreased in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The number of S. aureus isolates, the proportion of viral co-infections, and the number of resistant strains typically peaked seasonally, primarily in the first or fourth quarters of 2018, 2019, and 2021. However, shifts in these patterns were noted in the first quarter of 2020 and the fourth quarter of 2022. These findings reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the infection dynamics of S. aureus among pediatric CAP patients, as evidenced by changes in respiratory co-infections, AMR patterns, and seasonal trends.

Salvage surgery and conversion surgery for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A narrative review.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. With the development of screening, patient selection and treatment strategies, patients' survival outcomes and living quality significantly improved. However, some patients still have local recurrence or residual tumors after receiving definitive therapies. Salvage surgery has been regarded as an effective option for recurrent or residual NSCLC, but its effectiveness remains undetermined. Furthermore, conversion surgery is a special type of salvage surgery for tumors converted from "initially unresectable" to "potentially resectable" status due to a favorable response to systemic treatments. Although conversion surgery is a promising curative procedure for advanced NSCLC, its concept and clinical value remain unfamiliar to clinicians. In this narrative review, we provided an overview of the safety and efficacy of salvage surgery, especially salvage surgery after sublobar resection in early-stage NSCLC. More importantly, we highlighted the concept and value of conversion surgery after systemic treatment in advanced NSCLC to gain some insights into its role in the treatment of lung cancer.

Assessment of resting cerebral perfusion between methamphetamine-associated psychosis and schizophrenia through arterial spin labeling MRI.

OBJECTIVE: The clinical manifestations of methamphetamine (METH)-associated psychosis (MAP) and acute paranoid schizophrenia (SCZ) are similar. This study aims to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in individuals who use METH and in those with SCZ using the MRI arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 68 participants and divided them into four groups: MAP (N = 15), SCZ (N = 13), METH users with no psychosis (MNP; N = 22), and normal healthy controls (CRL; N = 18). We measured rCBF using an MRI three-dimensional pseudo-continuous ASL sequence. Clinical variables were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Group-level rCBF differences were analyzed using a two-sample t-test. RESULTS: Decreased rCBF was found in the precuneus, premotor cortex, caudate nucleus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and thalamus in the MNP group compared with the CRL group. The MAP group had significantly decreased rCBF in the precuneus, hippocampus, anterior insula, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior orbitofrontal gyrus, and superior occipital gyrus compared with the MNP group. Increased rCBF in the precuneus and premotor cortex was seen in the MAP group compared with the SCZ group. rCBF in the precuneus and premotor cortex significantly correlated negatively with the PANSS but correlated positively with BACS scores in the MAP and SCZ groups. CONCLUSION: METH exposure was associated with decreased rCBF in the precuneus and premotor cortex. Patients with MAP exhibited higher rCBF than those with SCZ, implying preserved insight and favorable outcomes. rCBF can therefore potentially serve as a diagnostic approach to differentiate patients with MAP from those with SCZ.

Effect of CdS loading on the properties and photocatalytic activity of MoS2 nanosheets.

Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) and modified MoS2 with different percentages of CdS (10%, 30%, and 50% CdS@MoS2) were successfully synthesized and characterized. The photocatalytic performance of the MoS2 and CdS@MoS2 was evaluated by degrading brilliant green (BG), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under visible light irradiation. Amongst the synthesized photocatalysts, 50% CdS@MoS2 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, degrading 97.6%, 90.3%, and 75.5% of BG, MB, and RhB dyes, respectively within 5 h. The active species involved in the degradation processes were investigated. All trapping agents inhibited BG and MB degradation to a similar extent, indicating that all of the probed active species play an important role in the degradation of BG and MB. In contrast, h+ and O2•- were found to be the main reactive species in the photocatalytic RhB degradation. A potential mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using CdS@MoS2 has been proposed. This work highlights the potential of CdS@MoS2 as a photocatalyst for more efficient water remediation applications.

Therapeutic effect of E-Lip-siRNA-sFlt1 on pre-eclampsia: targeted gene silencing and improved pregnancy outcomes.

Aim: To evaluate a liposome complex conjugated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies for the treatment of pre-eclampsia (PE).Methods: In in vitro experiments, the transfection rate, silencing effect and cytotoxicity were determined. In the in vivo PE model, the siRNA distribution, mean arterial pressure, 24-h urine protein concentration, serum sFlt1 concentration, number of viable fetuses and placental weight were measured.Results: The nanomedicine effectively reduced the expression of sFIt1 and had a strong ability to target placental tissues. It could significantly reduce the symptoms of pre-eclampsia and improve pregnancy outcomes in PE model rats.Conclusion: The constructed nanomedicine can improve pregnancy outcomes in a rat model of pre-eclampsia and provides a new strategy for the treatment of pre-eclampsia.

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