Black Seed Oil-Based Curcumin Nanoformulations Ameliorated Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination in the Mouse Hippocampus.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the demyelination of nerves, axonal damage, and neuroinflammation. Cognition impairment, pain, and loss of mobility are some of the usual complications of MS. It has been postulated that the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the main factors that contribute to MS pathology. Among various animal models, the cuprizone model is the most widely used model for investigating MS-related pathology. We assessed the effects of cuprizone along with the protective effects of some black seed oil-based nanoformulations of curcumin with and without piperine, in mice hippocampus in terms of the changes in antioxidant enzymes, transcription factors, and cytokines during demyelination and remyelination processes. The results of behavioral studies point toward impairment in working memory following the feeding of cuprizone for 5 weeks. However, in treatment groups, mice seemed to prevent the toxic effects of cuprizone. Nanoformulations used in this study were found to be highly effective in lowering the amount of ROS as indicated by the levels of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, nanoformulations CCF and CCPF were observed resisting the toxic effects of cuprizone. We observed greater expression of NFκB-p65 in the CPZ group than in the control group. CCF nanoformulation had a better inhibitory effect on NFκB-p65 than other formulations. Histological examination of the hippocampus was also conducted. Nanoformulations used here were found effective in reversing MS-related pathophysiology and hence have the potential to be applied as adjuvant therapy for MS treatment.

Unraveling the Endocannabinoid System: Exploring Its Therapeutic Potential in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The salient features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompass persistent difficulties in social communication, as well as the presence of restricted and repetitive facets of behavior, hobbies, or pursuits, which are often accompanied with cognitive limitations. Over the past few decades, a sizable number of studies have been conducted to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD. Preclinical rat models have proven to be extremely valuable in simulating and analyzing the roles of a wide range of established environmental and genetic factors. Recent research has also demonstrated the significant involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases, including ASD. In fact, the ECS has the potential to regulate a multitude of metabolic and cellular pathways associated with autism, including the immune system. Moreover, the ECS has emerged as a promising target for intervention with high predictive validity. Particularly noteworthy are resent preclinical studies in rodents, which describe the onset of ASD-like symptoms after various genetic or pharmacological interventions targeting the ECS, providing encouraging evidence for further exploration in this area.

The role of Aquaporins in tumorigenesis: implications for therapeutic development.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are ubiquitous channel proteins that play a critical role in the homeostasis of the cellular environment by allowing the transit of water, chemicals, and ions. They can be found in many different types of cells and organs, including the lungs, eyes, brain, glands, and blood vessels. By controlling the osmotic water flux in processes like cell growth, energy metabolism, migration, adhesion, and proliferation, AQPs are capable of exerting their regulatory influence over a wide range of cellular processes. Tumour cells of varying sources express AQPs significantly, especially in malignant tumours with a high propensity for metastasis. New insights into the roles of AQPs in cell migration and proliferation reinforce the notion that AQPs are crucial players in tumour biology. AQPs have recently been shown to be a powerful tool in the fight against pathogenic antibodies and metastatic cell migration, despite the fact that the molecular processes of aquaporins in pathology are not entirely established. In this review, we shall discuss the several ways in which AQPs are expressed in the body, the unique roles they play in tumorigenesis, and the novel therapeutic approaches that could be adopted to treat carcinoma.

Modulation of Gut Microbiome Community Mitigates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model: The Promising Role of Palmaria palmata Alga as a Prebiotic.

BACKGROUND: Red marine algae have shown the potential to reduce inflammation, influence microbiota, and provide neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prebiotic properties of Palmaria palmata aqueous extract (Palmaria p.) and its potential as a neuroprotective agent in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: eighty-eight adult Swiss mice were divided into four male and four female groups, including a control group (distilled water), Palmaria p.-treated group (600 mg/kg b.w.), cuprizone (CPZ)-treated group (mixed chow 0.2%), and a group treated with both CPZ and Palmaria p. The experiment continued for seven weeks. CPZ treatment terminated at the end of the 5th week, with half of the mice sacrificed to assess the demyelination stage. To examine the spontaneous recovery, the rest of the mice continued until the end of week seven. Behavioral (grip strength (GS) and open field tests (OFT)), microbiome, and histological assessments for general morphology of corpus callous (CC) were all conducted at the end of week five and week 7. RESULTS: Palmaria p. can potentially protect against CPZ-induced MS with variable degrees in male and female Swiss mice. This protection was demonstrated through three key findings: (1) increased F/B ratio and expansion of the beneficial Lactobacillus, Proteobacteria, and Bactriodia communities. (2) Protection against the decline in GS induced by CPZ and prevented CPZ-induced anxiety in OFT. (3) Preservation of structural integrity. CONCLUSIONS: Because of its propensity to promote microbiota alterations, its antioxidant activity, and its content of -3 fatty acids, Palmaria p. could be a promising option for MS patients and could be beneficial as a potential probiotic for the at-risk groups as a preventive measure against MS.

A review on plant-based remedies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of central nervous system, which is degenerative in nature usually appears between 20-40years of age. The exact cause of MS is still not clearly known. Loss of myelin sheath and axonal damage are the main features of MS that causes induction of inflammatory process and blocks free conduction of impulses. Till date FDA has approved 18 drugs to treat or modify MS symptoms. These medicines are disease-modifying in nature directed to prevent relapses or slow down the progression of disease. The use of the synthetic drug over an extended period causes undesirable effects that prompt us to look at Mother Nature. Complementary and alternative medicine involves the use of medicinal plants as an alternative to the existing modern medical treatment. However, modern drugs cannot be replaced completely with medicinal plants, but the two types of drugs can be used harmoniously with later one can be added as an adjuvant to the existing treatment. These medicinal plants have the potential to prevent progression and improve the symptoms of MS. Various plants such like Nigella sativa, ginger, saffron, pomegranate, curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenoside have been tested as therapeutics for many neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this write-up is to make information available about medicinal plants in their potential to treat or modify the symptoms of MS. Chronically ill patients tend to seek medicinal plants as they are easily available and there is a general perception about these medicines of having fewer undesirable effects.

Targeting Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus encoded protease (ORF17) by a lysophosphatidic acid molecule for treating KSHV associated diseases.

Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, Multicentric Castleman Disease and Pleural effusion lymphoma. KSHV-encoded ORF17 encodes a protease which cleaves -Ala-Ala-, -Ala-Ser- or -Ala-Thr-bonds. The protease plays an important role in assembly and maturation of new infective virions. In the present study, we investigated expression pattern of KSHV-encoded protease during physiologically allowed as well as chemically induced reactivation condition. The results showed a direct and proportionate relationship between ORF17 expression with reactivation time. We employed virtual screening on a large database of natural products to identify an inhibitor of ORF17 for its plausible targeting and restricting Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus assembly/maturation. A library of 307,814 compounds of biological origin (A total 481,799 structures) has been used as a screen library. 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol) was highly effective against ORF17 in in-vitro experiments. The screened compound was tested for the cytotoxic effect and potential for inhibiting Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus production upon induced reactivation by hypoxia, TPA and butyric acid. Treatment of reactivated KSHV-positive cells with 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol) resulted in significant reduction in the production of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus. The study identified a lysophosphatidic acid molecule for alternate strategy to inhibit KSHV-encoded protease and target Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus associated malignancies.

Correction: Ashraf et al. Inhibition of Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinase 4 by Metformin: Exploring the Neuroprotective Potential of Antidiabetic Drug through Spectroscopic and Computational Approaches. Molecules 2022, 27, 4652.

The updated affiliation information can be seen in the affiliation part of this correction [...].

A novel biallelic variant further delineates PRDX3-related autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia.

Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) comprise a rare group of neurological disorders characterized by extensive phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. In the last several years, our understanding of the CA etiology has increased significantly and resulted in the discoveries of numerous ataxia-associated genes. Herein, we describe a single affected individual from a consanguineous family segregating a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder. The proband showed features such as global developmental delay, cerebellar atrophy, hypotonia, speech issues, dystonia, and profound hearing impairment. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing revealed a biallelic nonsense variant (c.496A > T; p.Lys166*) in the exon 5 of the PRDX3 gene that segregated perfectly within the family. This is the third report that associates the PRDX3 gene variant with cerebellar ataxia. In addition, associated hearing impairment further delineates the PRDX3 associated gene phenotypes.

A novel biallelic variant in the Popeye domain-containing protein 1 (POPDC1) underlies limb girdle muscle dystrophy type 25.

POPDC1 also known as BVES, is a highly conserved transmembrane protein, important for striated muscle function and homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in the POPDC1 gene are associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 25 (LGMDR25). In the present study, we performed trio-whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing on a single family having LGMD clinical features. Protein modeling of all POPDC1 missense variants (POPDC1Pro134Leu , POPDC1Ile193Ser , and POPDC1Ser201Phe ) associated with LGMDR25 were performed using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. We identified a homozygous missense variant (c.401C>T; p.Pro134Leu) in the POPDC1 gene. Altered 3D structure, disruptive fluctuation, less compactness, and instability were observed in all the three variants of POPDC1 protein models. In comparison, POPDC1Ser201Phe protein dynamics were more unstable than other variants. Functional study of newly identified variant would add key answers to underlying mechanisms of the disease.

Dioxinodehydroeckol: A Potential Neuroprotective Marine Compound Identified by In Silico Screening for the Treatment and Management of Multiple Brain Disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Even after a variety of advanced therapies, prognosis of all these disorders is not favorable, with survival rates of 14-20 months only. To further improve the prognosis of these disorders, it is imperative to discover new compounds which will target effector proteins involved in these disorders. In this study, we have focused on in silico screening of marine compounds against multiple target proteins involved in AD, GBM, ALS, and PD. Fifty marine-origin compounds were selected from literature, out of which, thirty compounds passed ADMET parameters. Ligand docking was performed after ADMET analysis for AD, GBM, ALS, and PD-associated proteins in which four protein targets Keap1, Ephrin A2, JAK3 Kinase domain, and METTL3-METTL14 N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase (MTA70) were found to be binding strongly with the screened compound Dioxinodehydroeckol (DHE). Molecular dynamics simulations were performed at 100 ns with triplicate runs to validate the docking score and assess the dynamics of DHE interactions with each target protein. The results indicated Dioxinodehydroeckol, a novel marine compound, to be a putative inhibitor among all the screened molecules, which might be effective against multiple target proteins involved in neurological disorders, requiring further in vitro and in vivo validations.

Unravelling Binding of Human Serum Albumin with Galantamine: Spectroscopic, Calorimetric, and Computational Approaches.

Human serum albumin (HSA), an abundant plasma protein, binds to various ligands, acting as a transporter for numerous endogenous and exogenous substances. Galantamine (GAL), an alkaloid, treats cognitive decline in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and other memory impairments. A vital step in pharmacological profiling involves the interaction of plasma protein with the drugs, and this serves as an essential platform for pharmaceutical industry advancements. This study is carried out to understand the binding mechanism of GAL with HSA using computational and experimental approaches. Molecular docking revealed that GAL preferentially occupies Sudlow's site I, i.e., binds to subdomain IIIA. The results unveiled that GAL binding does not induce any conformational change in HSA and hence does not compromise the functionality of HSA. Molecular dynamics simulation (250 ns) deciphered the stability of the HSA-GAL complex. We performed the fluorescence binding and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to analyze the actual binding of GAL with HSA. The results suggested that GAL binds to HSA with a significant binding affinity. ITC measurements also delineated thermodynamic parameters associated with the binding of GAL to HSA. Altogether, the present study deciphers the binding mechanism of GAL with HSA.

Galectins-Potential Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Advancements in medicine have increased the longevity of humans, resulting in a higher incidence of chronic diseases. Due to the rise in the elderly population, age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent. The available treatment options only provide symptomatic relief and do not cure the underlying cause of the disease. Therefore, it has become imperative to discover new markers and therapies to modulate the course of disease progression and develop better treatment options for the affected individuals. Growing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is a common factor and one of the main inducers of neuronal damage and degeneration. Galectins (Gals) are a class of ß-galactoside-binding proteins (lectins) ubiquitously expressed in almost all vital organs. Gals modulate various cellular responses and regulate significant biological functions, including immune response, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell growth, through their interaction with glycoproteins and glycolipids. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the Gal superfamily, with Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-9 in prime focus. Their roles have been described in modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we discuss the role of Gals in the causation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. We describe the role of Gals in microglia and astrocyte modulation, along with their pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. In addition, we discuss the potential use of Gals as a novel therapeutic target for neuroinflammation and restoring tissue damage in neurodegenerative diseases.

Inhibition of Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinase 4 by Metformin: Exploring the Neuroprotective Potential of Antidiabetic Drug through Spectroscopic and Computational Approaches.

Microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) regulates the mechanism of microtubules by its ability to phosphorylate the microtubule-associated proteins (MAP's). MARK4 is known for its major role in tau phosphorylation via phosphorylating Ser262 residue in the KXGS motif, which results in the detachment of tau from microtubule. In lieu of this vital role in tau pathology, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), MARK4 is a druggable target to treat AD and other neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). There is growing evidence that NDs and diabetes are connected with many pieces of literature demonstrating a high risk of developing AD in diabetic patients. Metformin (Mtf) has been a drug in use against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for a long time; however, recent studies have established its therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), namely AD, Parkinson's disease (PD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. In this study, we have explored the MARK4 inhibitory potential of Mtf, employing in silico and in vitro approaches. Molecular docking demonstrated that Mtf binds to MARK4 with a significant affinity of -6.9 kcal/mol forming interactions with binding pocket's critical residues. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation provided an atomistic insight into the binding of Mtf with MARK4. ATPase assay of MARK4 in the presence of Mtf shows that it inhibits MARK4 with an IC50 = 7.05 µM. The results of the fluorescence binding assay demonstrated significant binding of MARK4 with a binding constant of 0.6 × 106 M-1. The present study provides an additional axis towards the utilization of Mtf as MARK4 inhibitor targeting diabetes with NDs.

Phytomedicine from Middle Eastern Countries: An Alternative Remedy to Modern Medicine against Candida spp Infection.

Candida spp are capable of infecting both normal and immunocompromised individuals. More recently, Candida infections have spread considerably in healthcare settings, especially in intensive care units, where it is the most frequently encountered pathogen. Candida albicans is the commonest species encountered, although infections by non-albicans species have also risen in the past few years. The pathogenicity of Candida is credited to its aptitude to change between yeast and hyphal modes of growth. Candida spp produce biofilms on synthetic materials that protect them and facilitate drug resistance and act as a source for chronic and recurrent infections. Primarily, azoles antifungal agents are utilized to treat Candida infection that targets the ergosterol synthesis pathway in the cell wall. The development of antifungal resistance in Candida species is a major reason for treatment failure, and hence, there is a need to develop newer antifungal molecules and/or modifications of existing antifungals to make them more effective and less toxic. This has led researchers to oversee the plants to discover newer antimicrobials. Middle Eastern countries are well known for their landscape ranging from dry and sandy deserts to snow-capped mountains. However, they comprise enormous plant diversity with over 20,000 different species showing various types of bioactivities, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. Especially, the antifungal potential of these phytoproducts could be exploited in the clinical setting for therapy. The present review examines some of the promising alternative natural compounds that have been tested and found effective in treating Candida infections in vitro in some Middle Eastern countries.

Empagliflozin Effectively Attenuates Olanzapine-Induced Body Weight Gain in Female Wistar Rats.

Atypical antipsychotic drugs are commonly associated with undesirable side effects including body weight gain (BWG) and metabolic deficits. Many pharmacological interventions have been tested in an attempt to minimize or prevent these side effects. Preliminary evidence suggests that antidiabetic drugs may be effective in attenuating antipsychotic-induced BWG. In the current study, we examined the effect of an antidiabetic drug empagliflozin (EMPA) on BWG induced by anatypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine (Ola) in female and male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into six groups based on the dose they received: group 1 (female control), group 2 (female EMPA, 20 mg/kg; IG), group 3 (female Ola, 4 mg/kg; IP), group 4 (female Ola, 4 mg/kg; IP + EMPA, 20 mg/kg; IG), group 5 (male control), and group 6 (male Ola, 4 mg/kg; IP). Ola induced sustained increase in BWG. The subsequent treatment of Group 3 and 4 with EMPA attenuated the Ola-induced BWG in female Wistar rats. In terms of the gender difference between female and male Wistar rats, the male control group 5 gained more weight throughout the study as compared to the female control group 1. Similarly, the male Ola group 6 gained more weight throughout the study as compared to the female Ola group 3. However, Ola did not cause any weight difference between male rats treated with Ola in comparison with male control group, thus showing a significant gender difference regarding body weight between male and female Wistar rats regardless of Ola administration. In addition, the present findings showed that EMPA effectively attenuates the Ola induced BWG in female Wistar rats. These novel findings should help to better understand the underlying molecular and behavioral mechanisms contributing to the observed increase in body weight after treatment with Ola and other atypical antipsychotic drugs across male and female rats.

Analysis of sugar composition and pesticides using HPLC and GC-MS techniques in honey samples collected from Saudi Arabian markets.

Honey is a complex foodstuff found in nature which is used without any processing. Honey has been in use in medicine as well as raw food since ancient times. Essentially, it is a blend of sugars especially fructose and glucose. The objectives of the study were to determine major sugar composition as well as pesticides contamination in honey samples. Further, Hydroxy-methyl-furfuraldehyde (HMF) level was also determined to ascertain the freshness of honey samples. A total of 14 samples were collected from local market and tested for fructose, glucose, sucrose, HMF and organochlorine pesticides using HPLC and GC-MS techniques respectively. The total sugars in the 14 honey samples were found ranging between 50.26 and 74.74 g/100 g of honey. The chromatographic results showed the presence of the sugars like fructose and glucose in all honey samples. The honey sample SH-11 was found to contain the highest amount of fructose (40.63%). On the other hand, the lowest amount of fructose with 29.08% was observed in SH-7. The HPLC analysis also revealed the presence of sucrose in two samples but under the permissible limit. The average ratio of fructose to glucose in these honey samples was 1.3. None of the sample has ratio below 1.0 indicating lesser chances for honey to crystallize on storage. Out of 14 honey samples, 13 samples were found negative for the presence of any of the 63 pesticides tested. Only sample No. 13, was found to contain 15.95 ppb hexachlorobenzene per kilogram of honey. The HMF was not detected in four samples but in remaining samples it was well below the maximum permissible limit. No pesticide and sugar adulteration was observed in any of the honey samples. The honeys collected from Saudi Arabian markets were found to confirm the standards set by the regional and international standardization organization, the GSO and Codex Alimentarius Commission respectively.

MDR1 Gene Polymorphisms and Its Association With Expression as a Clinical Relevance in Terms of Response to Chemotherapy and Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer.

In spite of the significant advancements in the treatment modalities, 30% of advanced stage ovarian cancer (OC) patients do not respond to the standard chemotherapeutic regimen and most of the responders finally relapse over time due to the escalation of multidrug resistance (MDR) Phenomenon. Our present study evaluated chemotherapeutic sensitivity response among 47 ovarian tumor patients of which we found 37 (78.8%) sensitive and remaining 10 (21.2%) resistant. Among the resistant, seven tumor samples were found to be platinum resistant or refractory to platinum (CB/TX), one to carboplatin, and two to 5FU. Notably, all these resistant cases were observed in the disease recurrence group of patients identified at stage III or IV. The stage III resistant cases revealed heterozygous mutation (C/T) in exon 12 (C1236T) and 26 (C3435T) and increased level of mRNA, whereas homozygous mutation (T/T) was found at stage IV tumor patients. The genotypic difference was found to be significant (p = 0.03) for exon 12, and p = 0.003 for exon 26 mutant genotypes. No significant association between genotypes of different exons with tumor stages and tumor grade was observed (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was observed between the genotype of exon-12 and histopathology of tumor tissue (p = 0.028). Statistically, the chemotherapy response was found to be significantly associated with the tumor stage (p = 0.019). We also observed a significant difference in PFS (P = 0.019) and OS (P = 0.047) between tumor grades 1 and 3. Notably, the highest mRNA expression was observed in resistant tumor sample T-32, where interestingly we found homozygosity TT in all of the exons 12, 21, and 26. Thus, we suggest that exons 12 (C1236T) and exon 26 (C3435T) polymorphism may play a role in inducing drug resistance by altering the expression level of the MDR1 gene. To summarize, we suggest that the expression of MDR1 in OC is influenced by tumor stage and genotype variants as well as by chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus our findings suggest that inter individual variability in platinum based therapy may be anticipated by MDR1 genotypes. Further studies on a large number of samples shall eventually lead to provide beneficial information for the individualized chemotherapy.

Virulence and biofilms as promising targets in developing antipathogenic drugs against candidiasis.

Candida albicans has remained the main etiological agent of candidiasis, challenges clinicians with high mortality and morbidity. The emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs, toxicity and lower efficacy have all contributed to an urgent need to develop alternative drugs aiming at novel targets in C. albicans. Targeting the production of virulence factors, which are essential processes for infectious agents, represents an attractive substitute for the development of newer anti-infectives. The present review highlights the recent developments made in the understanding of the pathogenicity of C. albicans. Production of hydrolytic enzymes, morphogenesis and biofilm formation, along with their molecular and metabolic regulation in Candida are discussed with regard to the development of novel antipathogenic drugs against candidiasis.

Interference of phosphane copper (I) complexes of ß-carboline with quorum sensing regulated virulence functions and biofilm in foodborne pathogenic bacteria: A first report.

Foodborne pathogens are one of the major cause of food-related diseases and food poisoning. Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing (QS) mechanism of cell-cell communication have also been found to be associated with several outbreaks of foodborne diseases and are great threat to food safety. Therefore, In the present study, we investigated the activity of three tetrahedrally coordinated copper(I) complexes against quorum sensing and biofilms of foodborne bacteria. All the three complexes demonstrated similar antimicrobial properties against the selected pathogens. Concentration below the MIC i.e. at sub-MICs all the three complexes interfered significantly with the quorum sensing regulated functions in C. violaceum (violacein), P. aeruginosa (elastase, pyocyanin and alginate production) and S. marcescens (prodigiosin). The complexes demonstrated potent broad-spectrum biofilm inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Chromobacterium violaceum, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes. Biofilm inhibition was visualized using SEM and CLSM images. Action of the copper(I) complexes on two key QS regulated functions contributing to biofilm formation i.e. EPS production and swarming motility was also studied and statistically significant reduction was recorded. These results could form the basis for development of safe anti-QS and anti-biofilm agents that can be utilized in the food industry as well as healthcare sector to prevent food-associated diseases.