RESUMEN
RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou elaborar um modelo para avaliação da efetividade da atuação fisioterapêutica na atenção básica. O modelo foi elaborado com base na literatura, em entrevistas com experts envolvidos na atuação fisioterapêutica na Atenção Básica à Saúde e conferência de consenso para validação com especialistas. A matriz avaliativa proposta é composta por três dimensões - ações assistenciais, de gestão e de promoção de saúde - e nove indicadores. Esse modelo proposto será posteriormente aplicado para verificar sua aplicabilidade, necessidade de ajustes e possibilidade de replicação em diferentes contextos.
ABSTRACT The research aimed to develop a model to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic activities in primary care. The model was elaborated based on the literature, through interviews with experts involved in physiotherapeutic activities in Primary Health Care and a consensus conference for validation with specialists. The proposed evaluation matrix is composed of three dimensions - care, management and health promotion actions - and nine indicators. This proposed model will be later applied to verify its applicability, the need for adjustments and the possibility of replication in different contexts.
RESUMEN
O acesso à assistência especializada tem problemas recorrentes no Sistema Único de Saúde que se manifestam por falta de profissionais e fluxos regulatórios pouco efetivos, que culminam no aumento do tempo de espera e não comparecimento dos usuários às consultas. Esse estudo buscou identificar o perfil dos usuários que não compareceram às consultas e seus motivos alegados. Trata-se de estudo avaliativo seccional com dados coletados em prontuário eletrônico e por entrevista telefônica com 496 usuários. A taxa de absenteísmo foi de 12,2%, com maior número de ausências em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (25,2%). As pessoas que faltaram eram majoritariamente mulheres, com nível fundamental de escolaridade e idade mediana de 41,4 anos. Ao final de 3 tentativas, foram entrevistadas 273(55%) pessoas. A principal categoria de motivos alegados para não comparecimento foi da gestão do processo regulatório (47%), e, dentro dessa, não ter sido informado sobre a data da consulta (30,7%). A gestão do processo de regulação pode melhorar o acesso ao reorganizar os fluxos e melhorar a comunicação entre profissionais e usuários dos serviços de saúde. Os usuários devem ser valorizados como parte do processo e não objetos da atenção à saúde, cujas voz e ações têm consequências para si e demais cidadãos.
The access to specialized care presents recurring problems in the Unified Health System. These manifests by lack of professionals and ineffective regulatory flows, which culminate in an increase in the waiting time and non-attendance of the users to the consultations. This study aimed to identify the profile of users whom did not attend the consultations and their alleged motives. This is a cross-sectional evaluative study with data collected in an electronic medical record and by telephone interview with 496 users. The non-attendance rate was 12.2%, with a greater number of absences in Gynecology and Obstetrics (25.2%). The absence persons were mostly women, with a fundamental level of education and a median age of 41.4 years. After 3 trials, 273 (55%) people were interviewed. The main category of alleged reasons for non-attendance was 'the management of the regulatory process' (47%), and within that, 'to had not been informed about the date of the consultation' (30.7%). Managing the regulatory process can improve access by reorganizing flows and improving communication between professionals and clientes of health services. Clients must be valued as part of the process and not as objects in health care, whose voice and actions have consequences for themselves and other citizens.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Care continuum models have supported recent strategies against sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV). METHODS: HIV, HCV, and congenital syphilis care continuum models were developed, including all stages of care, from promotion/prevention to clinical control/cure. The models supported the intervention QualiRede, developed by a University-Brazilian National Health System (SUS) partnership focused on managers and other professionals from six priority health regions in São Paulo and Santa Catarina. Indicators were selected for each stage of the care continuum from the SUS information systems and from the Qualiaids and QualiAB facility's process evaluation questionnaires. The indicators acted as the technical basis of two workshops with professionals and managers in each region: the first one to identify problems and to create a Regional Technical Group; and the second one to design action plans for improving regional performance. RESULTS: The indicators are available at www.qualirede.org. The workshops took place in the regions of Alto Tietê, Baixada Santista, Grande ABC, and Registro (São Paulo) and of Foz do Rio Itajaí (Santa Catarina), which resulted in regional action plans in São Paulo, but not in Santa Catarina. A lack of awareness was observed regarding the new HIV and HCV protocols, as well as an incipient use of indicators in routine practices. CONCLUSION: Improving the performance of the care continuum requires appropriation of performance indicators and coordination of care flows at local, regional, and state levels of management.
Asunto(s)
Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Hepatitis C/terapia , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Sífilis Congénita/terapia , Brasil , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Humanos , Programas Nacionales de Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Sífilis Congénita/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: Care continuum models have supported recent strategies against sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV). Methods: HIV, HCV, and congenital syphilis care continuum models were developed, including all stages of care, from promotion/prevention to clinical control/cure. The models supported the intervention QualiRede, developed by a University-Brazilian National Health System (SUS) partnership focused on managers and other professionals from six priority health regions in São Paulo and Santa Catarina. Indicators were selected for each stage of the care continuum from the SUS information systems and from the Qualiaids and QualiAB facility's process evaluation questionnaires. The indicators acted as the technical basis of two workshops with professionals and managers in each region: the first one to identify problems and to create a Regional Technical Group; and the second one to design action plans for improving regional performance. Results: The indicators are available at www.qualirede.org. The workshops took place in the regions of Alto Tietê, Baixada Santista, Grande ABC, and Registro (São Paulo) and of Foz do Rio Itajaí (Santa Catarina), which resulted in regional action plans in São Paulo, but not in Santa Catarina. A lack of awareness was observed regarding the new HIV and HCV protocols, as well as an incipient use of indicators in routine practices. Conclusion: Improving the performance of the care continuum requires appropriation of performance indicators and coordination of care flows at local, regional, and state levels of management.
RESUMO Introdução: Modelos de cuidado contínuo baseiam recentes estratégias em HIV, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e hepatite C (HCV). Métodos: Desenvolveram-se modelos de contínuo do cuidado em HIV, HCV e sífilis congênita incluindo todas as etapas da atenção, desde a promoção e a prevenção até o controle clínico/cura. O modelo baseou a intervenção QualiRede, desenvolvida em parceria entre universidade e Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), direcionada a gestores e demais profissionais de 6 regiões de saúde prioritárias em São Paulo e Santa Catarina. Selecionaram-se indicadores para cada etapa do contínuo do cuidado, provenientes dos sistemas de informação do SUS e dos questionários de avaliação de processo Qualiaids e QualiAB. Os indicadores formaram a base técnica de duas oficinas com profissionais e gestores de cada região: a primeira para identificar problemas e formar um Grupo Técnico Regional; e a segunda para construir planos de ação e metas a fim de melhorar o desempenho regional. Resultados: Os indicadores estão disponíveis no website www.qualirede.org. As oficinas ocorreram em quatro regiões de São Paulo (Alto Tietê, Baixada Santista, Grande ABC e Registro) e uma região de Santa Catarina (Foz do Rio Itajaí), resultando em planos regionais em São Paulo, mas não em Santa Catarina. Observou-se domínio limitado dos novos protocolos para HIV e HCV e uso incipiente de indicadores na rotina dos serviços. Conclusão: Melhorar o desempenho do contínuo do cuidado exige apropriação dos indicadores de desempenho e coordenação integrada dos fluxos de atenção em todos os níveis de gestão.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Hepatitis C/terapia , Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Sífilis Congénita/terapia , Sífilis Congénita/epidemiología , Brasil , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Programas Nacionales de SaludRESUMEN
RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou elaborar um modelo para avaliação da efetividade da integração ensino-serviço na Atenção Básica. O modelo foi elaborado com base na literatura, consulta aos atores envolvidos na integração (gestão, serviço, comunidade e ensino) e técnicas de consenso com discussão de especialistas para validação. O modelo teórico-lógico foi construído com suporte na legislação da saúde e educação. A matriz avaliativa proposta é composta por quatro dimensões e dez indicadores. Posteriormente o modelo proposto será utilizado no intuito de verificar sua aplicabilidade, a necessidade de ajustes e a possibilidade de replicação em diferentes contextos.
ABSTRACT This research aimed to develop a model for evaluating the effectiveness of the teaching-service integration in Primary Health Care. The model was based on literature, consult with the actors involved in the integration (management, service community and education) and consensus techniques with discussion of experts for validation. The theoretical-logical model was built with support in health and education legislation. The proposed evaluative matrix is composed of four dimensions and ten indicators. Posteriorly, the proposed model will be used to verify its applicability, the need for adjustment and the possibility of replication in different contexts.
RESUMEN
Education in health is a key part in primary care. Health education practices are often reproducedin the context of health in a thoughtless or even automated way, which are socially determined. In this context, users and team members tend to reproduce ways to "educate", which objectives, concepts and practices can be contradictory to the principles ofSUS and to the subjectsÆ values. Knowing the representations and health education practices can contribute to the adequacy of care. Considering the present time when both the training of health professionals such as SUS consolidation must converge in their principles and practices, this study is justified by contributing to the debate on the concepts and practices of ES in the context of the ESF.Objective:To understand the representations and ES practices between users and ESF team.Material and Methods:Semi-structured quantitative and qualitative research focused on interview techniques with the theory of Social Representations as a benchmark for analysis and participant observation. Seventy-five subjects participated in four groups: a) Higher-education professionals, five nurses, three doctors and one dentist; b) eight professionals with technical training in nursing and dental health; c) ten community health workers; d) forty-eight users of ESF units. Data were analyzed using content analysis, whose categories were retrospectively established.Results:"Education" as well social value, cultural to be preserved in the family; "Health" as individual self-care; "Health education" as transmission, prescription of body care.Conclusion:The principles of popular health education can support redefinition processes of the practices analyzed...