Parasitoid-host eavesdropping reveals temperature coupling of preferences to communication signals without genetic coupling.

Receivers of acoustic communication signals evaluate signal features to identify conspecifics. Changes in the ambient temperature can alter these features, rendering species recognition a challenge. To maintain effective communication, temperature coupling-changes in receiver signal preferences that parallel temperature-induced changes in signal parameters-occurs among genetically coupled signallers and receivers. Whether eavesdroppers of communication signals exhibit temperature coupling is unknown. Here, we investigate if the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea, an eavesdropper of cricket calling songs, exhibits song pulse rate preferences that are temperature coupled. We use a high-speed treadmill system to record walking phonotaxis at three ambient temperatures (21, 25, and 30°C) in response to songs that varied in pulse rates (20 to 90 pulses per second). Total walking distance, peak steering velocity, angular heading, and the phonotaxis performance index varied with song pulse rates and ambient temperature. The peak of phonotaxis performance index preference functions became broader and shifted to higher pulse rate values at higher temperatures. Temperature-related changes in cricket songs between 21 and 30°C did not drastically affect the ability of flies to recognize cricket calling songs. These results confirm that temperature coupling can occur in eavesdroppers that are not genetically coupled with signallers.

[Emergency treatment for traumatic cardiac arrest: prognostic factors and hospital outcome]. / Factores pronóstico y resultados intrahospitalarios de la parada cardiaca traumática atendida en un servicio de urgencias.

OBJECTIVES: To identify prehospital and on-arrival factors associated with hospital outcome in patients with traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) discharged with recovered spontaneous circulation from the emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Multipurpose prospective cohort study of patients with TCA who recovered after treatment at a tertiary care hospital emergency department between 2003 and 2016. We gathered data on epidemiologic variables, type and cause of injuries, and prehospital and hospital emergency care. The outcome was overall hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 130 TCA cases were included; 123 patients (94.6%) had received blunt trauma injuries and 65 (50%) had been in traffic accidents. The mean (SD) age was 39 (16) years, and 96 (73.8%) were male. Fifty patients (65%) were in asystole and 42 (32.3%) had pulseless electrical activity. Sixteen (12.3%) survived to be discharged; 13 of the survivors (81.3%) had recovered neurological activity. Factors that were independently associated with hospital mortality were asystole on arrival of first responders (odds ratio [OR], 25; 95% CI, 2.5-247; P=.006), nonreactive pupils on arrival at the hospital (OR, 13; 95% CI, 2.0-79; P=.006), and an Injury Severity Score over 25 (OR, 13; 95% CI, 1.8-94; P=.011). CONCLUSION: Twelve percent of patients in this cohort survived to discharge after TCA and 8 out of 10 of the surviving patients recovered neurologically. Asystole at start of prehospital care, nonreactive pupils on hospital arrival, and a severity score over 25 may indicate poor prognosis after TCA.

OBJETIVO: Identificar los factores pronóstico a la llegada a urgencias y los resultados al alta hospitalaria de los pacientes en parada cardiaca traumática (PCT), documentada por un servicio de emergencias médicas (SEM), con posterior recuperación de la circulación espontánea (RCE). METODO: Estudio de cohorte multipropósito de pacientes con PCT recuperada atendidos en un servicio de urgencias (SU) de un hospital universitario de tercer nivel de 2003 a 2016. Se recogieron variables epidemiológicas, tipo y mecanismo del traumatismo, datos de la atención extrahospitalaria y del SU. La variable de resultado fue la mortalidad global intrahospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 130 PCT, de los cuales 123 (94,6%) sufrieron un traumatismo cerrado y 65 (50%) tuvieron un accidente de tráfico. La edad media fue de 39 (DE 16) años y 96 (73,8%) fueron varones. Cincuenta pacientes (65%) presentaron asistolia y 42 (32,3%) actividad eléctrica sin pulso (AESP). Dieciséis (12,3%) sobrevivieron al alta, de los cuales 13 (81,3%) tuvieron recuperación neurológica favorable. Un ritmo de asistolia en la primera atención de extrahospitalaria (OR = 25; IC 95% 2,5-247; p = 0,006), las pupilas arreactivas a la llegada al hospital (OR = 13; IC 95% 2,0-79; p = 0,006), y una puntuación > 25 de la Injury Severity Score (ISS) (OR = 13; IC 95% 1,8-94; p = 0,011) se asociaron de forma independiente con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra serie, la supervivencia intrahospitalaria de la PCT fue un 12% siendo la recuperación neurológica favorable en ocho de cada diez vivos. El ritmo inicial en asistolia en la atención extrahospitalaria, la pupilas arreactivas a la llegada al hospital y una puntuación > 25 de ISS podrían implicar un mal pronóstico.